A copolymer of perfluoro-2-ethyl-2-methyldioxole and perfiuoropropyl vinyl ether was prepared by the method of high-pressure polymerization. The synthesized polymer has high optical transparency, a low refractive index, and a low material dispersion in the telecommunication wavelength ranges near 0.85, 1.3, and 1.5 µm. In addition, the polymer is predominantly amorphous and has high glass-transition and decomposition temperatures. The synthesized polymer is able to film formation and promising for the design and construction of high-speed optoelectronic printed circuit boards in which a metallic conductor-based electrical data bus is supplemented with an optical data bus based on a polymeric waveguide array. Films with a thickness of 4–8 µm were fabricated from the synthesized polymer by centrifuging. The polymer was characterized by DSC, DTGA, TMA, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and IR spectroscopy.

Possible modifications of the structure of chromophores that have nonlinear optical properties due to the addition of fluorine atoms and fluorine-containing groups to the acceptor site of the molecule are considered. Quantum chemical calculations of dipole moments and first hyperpolarizability were performed for a number of nonlinear chromophores based on N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-phenylazoaniline and modified by the addition of fluorine atoms and fluorine-containing groups to the acceptor site. Positions of maxima in the electron absorption spectrum and the values of Mulliken charges on atoms are also found. It is shown that the addition of fluorine atoms and fluorine-containing groups to the acceptor site of the chromophore molecule leads to a change (increase) in the “efficiency parameter”, defined as the product of the dipole moment by the first hyperpolarizability. The main parameters of a waveguide modulator made of the electrooptical polymer composite with fluorine-containing chromophores embedded in it are estimated.

Possible modifications of chromophore structures with nonlinear optical properties by bonding F atoms and F-containing groups to the acceptor site of the molecules are considered. Quantum chemical calculations of dipole moments and first hyperpolarizability were performed for several nonlinear chromophores based on N-ethyl- N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-phenylazoaniline and modified by the addition of F atoms and F-containing groups to the acceptor site. Positions of maxima in the electronic absorption spectrum and the Mulliken charges on the atoms are found. It is shown that addition of F atoms and F-containing groups to the chromophore acceptor site changes (increases) the efficiency parameter, defined as the product of the dipole moment and the first hyperpolarizability. The main parameters of a waveguide modulator made of an electro-optical polymer composite with F-containing chromophores embedded in it are estimated.

Copolymers of perfluoro-2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxole and perfluoro-5-methyl-3,6-dioxanon-1-ene were synthesized using high-pressure technique without initiators. Copolymers have molecular weight of (1.2–4) • 10 4 and possess high optical transparency in the telecommunication C-band region of 1530–1565 nm. Refractive index n of copolymers as a function of ether mol.% in the macromolecule x was investigated. It is established that the curve n ( x ) is non-monotonic, the difference of refractive indices of copolymers with various x differs by Δ n = 0.015. The synthesized materials are amorphous, capable of film formation, and can be used for the fabrication of optical fibers and integrated optical waveguides with numerical aperture NA from 0.13 to 0.2, with waveguiding core and cladding made of perfluorinated materials.

Novel amorphous perfluorinated polymers are synthesized and characterized using terahertz (THz) and x-ray spectra. The polymerization of such polymers in which all H atoms are replaced by F is examined. Their optical properties in the THz range show a record low index of refraction for solids in this range. The minimal possible index of refraction for such polymers is estimated. These materials are demonstrated to be highly transparent. The position of a weak absorption maximum in the range 1–2 THz is compared with the characteristic distance between the polymer structural elements that is obtained from an x-ray diffraction analysis of these materials.

Gas permeation properties of three highly permeable perfluorinated polymers (polyhexafluoropropylene (PHFP), amorphous Teflon AF2400, and polyperfluoro(2-methyl-2-ethyl-dioxole-1,3) (PPFMED)), which are promising materials for the dense thin layer of hollow fiber membranes for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have been studied using nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Hemocompatibility of the polymeric films has also been investigated on whole blood from healthy donors. Gas permeation of the polymers increases in the order PHFP < PPFMEDD < AF2400, with PHFP alone having the permeability coefficients of the gases do not below those of polydimethylsiloxane applied as the selective layer of blood oxygenation membranes. Hemocompatibility of the polymers declines in the order PHFP > PPFMED > AF2400, with the most permeable polymer AF2400 exhibiting the worst hemocompatibility among the other polymers studied. Polyperfluoro(2-methyl-2-ethyl-dioxole-1,3) is shown to be the most appropriate polymer to fabricate hollow fiber membranes for blood oxygenation.

Novel amorphous perfluorinated polymers are synthesized and their features are investigated in terahertz and X-ray spectral ranges. We consider the features of the polymerization process for such monomers in which all hydrogen H atoms are replaced by fluorine F atoms. The measurements of their optical features in the THz range show a record low value of the refraction index in comparison with any solid. The possible minimum of the refraction indices for such polymers is estimated. Also the high transparency of these polymers is shown. The X-ray spectra for some of such polymers are measured. The data obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis are compared with the peaks of the terahertz absorption spectrum.

Polymerization under ultrahigh pressure without involvement of initiators was used to synthesize amorphous copolymers of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole and perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether). The copolymers have molecular masses within 2•10 4 —7•10 4 au, possess high optical transparency in the telecom ranges of wavelength at 0.85, 1.3, and 1.5 μm and very low refractive index n = 1.293—1.314 at the wavelength λ = 632.8 nm. They can form films and are promising as claddings for optical fibers and waveguides. Amorphous films with the thickness of 1—4 μm were prepared by spin-coating from solutions of the perfluorinated copolymers in perfluorodecalin.

A high-molecular-weight amorphous homopolymer of perfluoropropyl vinyl ether was synthesized by radical polymerization at a pressure from 500 to 1200 MPa. The polymer properties were studied and reported.

A new synthesis of (2-and 4-methoxyphenyl)maleic anhydrides was accomplished, the reactions of which with cyclopentadiene and 3-sulfolene, serving as a 1,3-butadiene equivalent, furnished the [4+2]-cycloadducts. The latter were converted into imides of 2-aryl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic and 1-arylcyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acids respectively.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

The reduction of 2,3,5-substituted 2-sulfolenes with sodium in EtOH leads to 4,5-dihydrothiophenes; the reduction of 2,3- substituted 2-sulfolenes leads to a mixture of 4,5-dihydrothiophenes and sulfolanes.

An effective synthesis of α-neryl and α-geranyl propionates has been performed by the two-stage E/Z-C5 homologization of 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl iodide.