Abstract Engineering the Future (EtF) is a 3 yearEPSRCfunded,Project based,in the Universities of Strathclyde and Glasgow which seeks to explore origin al ways,of addr essingthe challenge sposed,by the predicted shortfall between,the numbers,entering university engineering,courses,and the growing,demand,s for high quality graduate,engineers . Founded,on models,oftransformational change,already in practice within Scottish

The cross section and vector analyzing power for transitions to the ground and low-lying states in the [sup 89]Y([ital [rvec p]],[gamma])[sup 90]Zr reaction have been studied over the angular range [theta][gamma]=38.8[degree]--130[degree] at [ital E][sub [ital p]]=22.5 MeV and over the energy range [ital E][sub [ital p]]=18.5--28.5 MeV at [theta][sub [gamma]]=90[degree]. Angular distributions for the [gamma][sub 0] and [gamma][sub 1+2+3] transitions (i.e., to the first three strong single-particle excited states) reveal large asymmetries about [theta][sub [gamma]]=90[degree] in both [sigma]([theta]) and [sigma]([theta])[ital A][sub [ital y]]([theta]), suggesting [ital E]1/[ital E]2 interference effects. Legendre polynomial fits to these data yield nonzero coefficients of order [ital k]=3,4, thus confirming interference between the dominant [ital E]1 radiation and opposite parity [ital E]2 radiation. A transition-matrix element analysis of the [gamma][sub 0] angular distribution data, including [ital E]1 and [ital E]2 radiation, suggests a 28% [ital E]2 contribution, while a pure direct capture calculation predicts only 12% [ital E]2 strength. The energy dependence of [ital A][sub [ital y]](90[degree]) for the [gamma][sub 123] data is adequately described using the direct-semidirect model by including isovector quadropole resonances at [ital E][sub GQR]=27.5 MeV, built on each of the three states, with widths of [Gamma][sub GQR]=7.0 MeV and strengths which exhaustmore » 100% of the isovector [ital E]2 energy-weighted sum rule for each state. These results provide strong evidence for collective [ital E]2 strength built on excited states in [sup 90]Zr, approximately at the energy predicted for the isovector giant quadrupole resonance, but are inconclusive concerning the ground-state transition.« less

Polarized proton capture experiments have been performed in an attempt to observe the Isovector Giant Quadrupole Resonance (IVGOR) in {sup 90}Zr. The cross section and vector analyzing power for transitions to the ground and low-lying states in the {sup 89}Y({tilde p}, {gamma}){sup 90}Zr reaction have been studied over the angular range over the energy range E{sub p} = 18.5-28.5 MeV (at {theta}{sub {gamma}} = 90{degrees}). A transition-matrix element analysis of the {gamma}{sub 0}E2 and E3 radiation, suggests a pure direct capture calculation predicts only 6% E2 strength. The A{sub y}(E) data at 90{degrees} for the {gamma}{sub 1+2+3} transitions (ie. to the first three strong single-particle excited states) depicts a resonance-like structure near ED = 23 MeV. These data are adequately described using the direct-semidirect (DSD) model by including IVGQ resonances at E{sub GQR} = 29.0 MeV built on each of the three states, with widths of E{sub GQR} = 5.5 MeV and strengths which exhaust 100% of the isovector E2 energy-weighted sum rule for each state. This same DSD calculation predicts a resonance structure in the {gamma}{sub 0} analyzing power near E{sub p} = 21 MeV, which is not seen in the data.

The H-2(d over arrow pointing right, gamma)He-4 reaction has been studied using tensor polarized deuterons having an incident energy of E(d)(lab)=80 keV, which were stopped in the target. The angular distributions of the cross section sigma(theta)/A0, vector analyzing power A(y)(theta), and tensor analyzing power A(yy)(theta) were measured and were interpreted using a model independent transition-matrix element analysis. These results lead to the conclusion that over 50% of the cross section strength at these low energies is due to p-wave E1 and M2 capture, in sharp contrast to previous assumptions of dominant s-wave E2 capture.

The total photonuclear absorption cross sections above the pion threshold are discussed and compared with the cross section for the proton. The multiple decomposition of the nucleon's cross section for single meson production is discussed and integrated to 1210 MeV. Finally, several sum rules that may have application in this energy region are presented.