The Chinese-French mission SVOM due to be launched in 2023 is the next generation of missions fully dedicated to the survey of the transient sky thanks to an agile spacecraft embarking a multi-wavelength science payload associated with a network of ground robotic nIR/optical telescopes. The SVOM core instrument is the 4–150 keV 2-D coded mask camera ECLAIRs responsible for the autonomous search and trigger of transient events within its field of view. The flight model of ECLAIRs has been built by several French labs (IRAP, CEA, APC) under the supervision of the French Space Agency (CNES). In 2021, intensive on-ground calibration has been performed on the ECLAIRs camera. Here, we give an overview of the calibration sequences of the ECLAIRs flight model and we present an overview of the main instrument performances.

SVOM, the Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Objects Monitor, is a Chinese-French satellite mission devoted to Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), which will be observed by the large field-of-view coded-mask soft-gamma-ray telescope ECLAIRs onboard. Its Scientific Trigger will detect and localize the events on the sky, to repoint the spacecraft for follow-up observations and to alert the community in near-realtime. This paper summarizes advancements on the ECLAIRs Scientific Trigger.

To assess the performance of the ultrasound measurement of stroke volume (SV) coupled to passive leg raising (PLR) in predicting fluid responsiveness (FR). A prospective cohort study was carried out in patients requiring volume expansion (VE). A transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTE) device was used for the measurement of SV. Four measurements were obtained: before and 90 s after PLR, and before and after VE. The patients were subsequently classified according to their hemodynamic response to VE. Responders were defined by an increase in SV of at least 15% in response to VE. Thirty maneuvers were studied. An increase in SV > 15% in response to PLR was recorded in 21 cases. Hemodynamic indices taken in the first stage showed significant differences in the distensibility index of the inferior vena cava (dIVC), in the velocity-time integral of aortic blood flow (VTIAo) and in SV, with respective p-values of 0.009, 0.012 and 0.025. The SV changes induced by VE were significantly correlated to the SV changes induced by PLR, with a Spearman coefficient of 0.77 and a linear equation y = 0.82 x + 1.68. Fluid responsiveness can be efficiently predicted by assessing the effects of PLR on SV monitored by Doppler TTE, with a sensitivity of 94.7% and a negative predictive value of 88%. Our data support the interest of Doppler TTE as an effective tool in predicting FR through the assessment of SV in response to PLR, in hemodynamically unstable patients. Evaluar el rendimiento de la medida del volumen sistólico (VS) por ultrasonido junto con la elevación pasiva de piernas (EPP) para predecir la respuesta de fluidos (RF). Estudio prospectivo de cohorte realizado en pacientes que requieren expansión de volumen (EV). Se utilizó un dispositivo doppler ecocardiográfico transtorácico (ETT) para la medición del VS. Se obtuvieron 4 mediciones: antes y 90 s después de la EPP, y antes y después de la EV. Posteriormente, los pacientes se clasificaron según su respuesta hemodinámica a VE. Los respondedores se definieron por un aumento del VS de al menos 15% en respuesta a EV. Se estudiaron 30 maniobras. Un aumento del VS > 15% en respuesta a la EPP se informó en 21 casos. Los índices hemodinámicos tomados en la primera etapa mostraron diferencias significativas en el índice de distensibilidad de la vena cava inferior (dVCI), en la integral velocidad-tiempo del flujo sanguíneo aórtico (IVTAo) y en el VS con valores p respectivos en 0,009, 0,012 y 0,025. Los cambios del VS inducidos por EV se correlacionaron significativamente con los cambios del VS inducidos por EPP con un coeficiente de Spearman en 0,77 y una ecuación lineal en y = 0,82 × + 1,68. La respuesta de fluidos se puede predecir eficazmente mediante la evaluación de los efectos de EPP en el VS vigilado por ETT-doppler con sensibilidad en el 94,7% y VPN en el 88%. Nuestros datos respaldan el interés del ETT-doppler como una herramienta eficaz en la predicción de la RF por la evaluación del VS en respuesta a la EPP en pacientes hemodinámicamente inestables.

OBJECTIVES:To determine the prevalence of Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) in medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU), risk factors for these infections and identify the predominant infecting organisms.METHODS:A 1-day point-prevalence study within all medical ICUs in Tunisia, all patients occupying an ICU bed over a 48-hour period were included. Rates of HAI, resistance patterns of microbiological isolates and potential risk factors for HAI were recorded.RESULTS:One hundred and three patients were collected from 15 Tunisian medical ICUs. HAI prevalence was 25.2% CI 95% [15-35].The most frequent HAIs were hospital acquired pneumonia in 19 cases (59%) and catheter related infection in 5 cases (15%). Independent factors associated with HAI occurrence were SAPSII score ≥ 33 with OR 1.047; CI 95% [1.015-1.077], p=0.003 and recent hospitalization with OR 4.14 CI 95% [1.235-13.889], p=0.021. Non-fermenting pathogens were the most frequent microorganisms reported in ICUs ecology, prior colonization and HAIs of the screened patients.CONCLUSION:HAIs are frequent in medical ICUs in Tunisia, which emphasize the importance of specific measures for surveillance and infection control in critically ill patients. Implementing a national monitoring system of HAI should be a major priority of public health in Tunisia.

Le diabète déséquilibré expose à de nombreuses complications liées à un défaut d’insuline. La surcharge glycogénique hépatocytaire, antérieurement nommée syndrome de Mauriac, en fait partie. C’est un syndrome rare initialement décrit chez des enfants diabétiques de type 1 (DT1) chez qui se succèdent une hyperglycémie importante suivie par une administration de fortes doses d’insuline. Il est exceptionnellement décrit chez les adultes. Nous rapportons ici un cas de syndrome de Mauriac diagnostiquée chez une patiente adulte DT1 admise en réanimation pour cétoacidose diabétique. L’examen clinique a objectivé un abdomen distendu avec hépatomégalie à 20 cm. Les examens biologiques ont montré une acidose métabolique, une hyperglycémie, une hyperlactatémie, une cytolyse majeure et une cholestase anictérique. Une prise en charge fondée sur insulinothérapie et une équilibration hydroélectrolytique ont été instaurées. L’enquête étiologique des perturbations hépatiques a été négative. L’évolution clinique et biologique était favorable. Le diagnostic de glycogénose hépatique a été retenu sur un faisceau d’arguments anamnestiques et cliniques, et ce en l’absence d’autres anomalies responsables des perturbations hépatiques. La certitude diagnostique est histologique, et le traitement repose sur l’équilibration du diabète.

P001 - Sepsis impairs the capillary response within hypoxic capillaries and decreases erythrocyte oxygen-dependent ATP efflux

Unfortunately, the original version of this supplement [1] contained errors in two of the abstracts; P037 and P127. Please see details below.

Falls in the elderly are common and a major, costly health problem. Taiji addresses many issues related to fall risk. We determined whether intensive weekend training can sufficiently train persons who have baseline familiarity with Taiji to model and teach fundamentals of Taiji to the elderly. Prior to training, registrants received a manual, video and online links for review and practice. Assessments were completed pre-/post-training. Training occurred in four cities of one state. 34 adults completed training, two did not complete evaluations (ns = 12, 13, 4, and 5 at the four sites). Each training course consisted of two 9-hour days that educated prospective instructors on issues pertinent to the elderly, evaluation techniques, warm-up and cool-down movements and seated and standing Taiji postures. Assessments included pre-/post-knowledge test, Timed Up, and Go and Functional Reach Assessment. Nearly all participants with pre-/post-assessments (30/32, 94%) demonstrated adequate skills post-training. Knowledge of Taiji increased significantly from pre- to post-training (P < .01). Brief, intensive weekend training can increase the available workforce to train the elderly in fundamentals of Taiji for fall prevention.

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is a popular recreational drug which causes long-term neurotoxicity and increased risk of fatality. In rats, MDMA toxicity is exacerbated by co-administration of caffeine. The aim of this study was to investigate whether caffeine altered the effects of MDMA in a battery of in vitro tests selected to model some of the known actions of MDMA in vivo. In cytotoxicity studies, caffeine modestly enhanced the effect of MDMA on neuronal N2a cell viability but not that of liver, intestinal or kidney cells. MDMA inhibited the formation of fluorescent metabolites by CYP2D6≫CYP3A4>CYP1A2 but this was not altered by caffeine. Similarly, the inhibition of synaptosomal [(3)H] 5-HT uptake by MDMA was not affected by the presence of caffeine. Thus, these in vitro tests failed to detect any substantial interaction between caffeine and MDMA, highlighting the difficulty of modelling in vivo drug interactions using in vitro tests. However, the results show that the inhibition of synaptosomal [(3)H] 5-HT uptake by MDMA was greater at 41°C and 25°C than at 37°C which raises the possibility that MDMA's effect on SERT in vivo may be increased as body temperature increases, contributing to its harmful effects in users.

The Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE), is the Herschel Space Observatory`s submillimetre camera and spectrometer. It contains a three-band imaging photometer operating at 250, 350 and 500 microns, and an imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) which covers simultaneously its whole operating range of 194-671 microns (447-1550 GHz). The SPIRE detectors are arrays of feedhorn-coupled bolometers cooled to 0.3 K. The photometer has a field of view of 4' x 8', observed simultaneously in the three spectral bands. Its main operating mode is scan-mapping, whereby the field of view is scanned across the sky to achieve full spatial sampling and to cover large areas if desired. The spectrometer has an approximately circular field of view with a diameter of 2.6'. The spectral resolution can be adjusted between 1.2 and 25 GHz by changing the stroke length of the FTS scan mirror. Its main operating mode involves a fixed telescope pointing with multiple scans of the FTS mirror to acquire spectral data. For extended source measurements, multiple position offsets are implemented by means of an internal beam steering mirror to achieve the desired spatial sampling and by rastering of the telescope pointing to map areas larger than the field of view. The SPIRE instrument consists of a cold focal plane unit located inside the Herschel cryostat and warm electronics units, located on the spacecraft Service Module, for instrument control and data handling. Science data are transmitted to Earth with no on-board data compression, and processed by automatic pipelines to produce calibrated science products. The in-flight performance of the instrument matches or exceeds predictions based on pre-launch testing and modelling: the photometer sensitivity is comparable to or slightly better than estimated pre-launch, and the spectrometer sensitivity is also better by a factor of 1.5-2.

The ECLAIRs space telescope is the main French contribution to the payload of the SVOM Chinese-French mission, aiming at being the next gamma ray bursts multi-wavelength observatory. By detecting the very first lights of the gamma ray burst, the ECLAIRs telescope will be the initiator of the measurement process based on a complementary network of space and ground instruments. Since the beginning of 2006, this instrument has been developed within the SVOM international context. The whole architecture is based on a combination of 3 key solutions: the coded mask imaging, a compact ASIC-CdTe hybrid detector with thermal control, and an onboard powerful processor for gamma ray burst detection. Each of those elements has needed specific developments and optimized solutions in order to reach the expected performances.

Caliste project aims at hybridizing 1 cm 2 Cd(Zn)Te detectors with low noise front-end electronics, in a single component standing in a 1 times 1times 2 cm 3 volume. The micro-camera is a spectroscopic imager for X and gamma rays detection, with time-tagging capability. Hybridization consists in stacking full custom ASICs perpendicular to the detection surface. The first prototype Caliste 64 integrates a detector of 8 times 8 pixels of 1 mm pitch. Fabrication and characterizations of nine cameras units validate the design and the hybridization concept. Spectroscopic tests result in a mean energy resolution of ~0.7 keV FWHM at 14 keV and ~0.85 keV FWHM at 60 keV using 1 mm-thick Al Schottky CdTe detectors biased at -400 V and cooled down to -15degC. The new prototype called Caliste 256 integrates 16 times 16 pixels of 580 mum pitch in the same volume as Caliste 64. Electrical tests with the first sample fabricated without detector result in a mean equivalent noise charge of 64 e - rms (9.6 mus, no leakage current). Caliste devices are 4-side buttable and can be used as elementary detection units of a large hard X-ray focal plane, as for the 64 cm 2 high energy detector of the Simbol-X astronomical space mission.

The very last member of the IDeF-X ASIC family is presented: IDeF-X ECLAIRs is a 32-channel front end ASIC designed for the readout of low capacitive (2 to 5pF) and low leakage current (1pA to 2nA) Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) and Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detectors (CdZnTe). Thanks to its ultra low noise performances (Equivalent Noise Charge floor of 33 e(-) rms) and to its radiation hardened design (Single Event Latchup Linear Energy Transfer threshold of 56 MeV.cm(2).mg(-1)), the chip is well suited for very low energy discrimination, very high energy resolution, "space proof," hard X-ray spectroscopy. We measured a very low energy threshold of less than 2 keV with a 14 pF input capacitor and a minimal sensitivity of the Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) to input capacitance of less than 7 e(-)/pF obtained with a 6 mu s peaking time. IDeF-X ECLAIRs will be used for the readout of 6400 CdTe Schottky monopixel detectors of the 2D coded mask imaging telescope ECLAIRs aboard the SVOM satellite [1]. IDeF-X ECLAIRs has also been designed for the readout of a pixelated CdTe detector in the future miniature spectro-imager prototype CALISTE 256 that is currently foreseen for the high energy detector module of the SIMBOL-X mission [2], [3].

In the field of the R&D of a new generation hard X-ray cameras for space applications we focus on the use of pixelated CdTe or CdZnTe semiconductor detectors. They are covered with 64 (0.9×0.9mm2) or 256 (0.5×0.5mm2) pixels, surrounded by a guard ring and operate in the energy ranging from several keV to 1MeV, at temperatures between −20 and +20°C. A critical parameter in the characterisation of these detectors is the leakage current per pixel under polarisation (∼50–500V/mm). In operation mode each pixel will be read-out by an integrated spectroscopy channel of the multi-channel IDeF-X ASIC currently developed in our lab. The design and functionality of the ASIC depends directly on the direction and value of the current. A dedicated and highly insulating electronics circuit is designed to automatically measure the current in each individual pixel, which is in the order of tens of pico-amperes. Leakage current maps of different CdZnTe detectors of 2 and 6mm thick and at various temperatures are presented and discussed. Defect density diagnostics have been performed by calculation of the activation energy of the material.

For the first time in the history of high energy astronomy, a large CdTe gamma-ray camera is operating in space. ISGRI is the low-energy camera of the IBIS telescope on board the INTEGRAL satellite. This paper details its design and its in-flight behavior and performances. Having a sensitive area of 2621 cm(2) with a spatial resolution of 4.6 mm, a low threshold around 12 keV and an energy resolution of similar to8% at 60 keV, ISGRI shows absolutely no signs of degradation after 9 months in orbit. All aspects of its in-flight behavior and scientific performance are fully nominal, and in particular the observed background level confirms the expected sensitivity of 1 milliCrab for a 10(6) s observation.