In order to evaluate the origin and the transformation of organic matter on the shallow shelf of the NW Adriatic Sea, organic carbon, total nitrogen and stable isotope ratios of organic carbon were analysed in riverine suspended matter and sediments as well as in marine suspended and sedimentary organic matter, in marine phytoplankton and zooplankton.The deposition of organic matter is influenced by fine sediment concentration. Surface sediments were characterised by highly variable biogeochemical conditions on the sea floor, whereas sub-surface sediments showed a more homogeneous hypoxic/anoxic environment.Low C-org/N ratio and high organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations in riverine suspended organic matter indicate an important contribution of freshwater phytoplankton within rivers, particularly during low flow regimes, which adds to the marine phyto- and zooplankton at shelf locations.In order to evaluate the importance of terrestrial, riverine and marine sources of OM in shelf sediments, a three end-member mixing model was applied to shelf surface sediments using C-13/C-12 values for organic matter and N/C ratios. The model showed an elevated contribution of terrestrial organic substances at intermediate depths (10-15 m), mostly corresponding to an area of coarser grain-size, whereas the riverine and marine organic fractions were mainly accumulating near the coast and offshore, respectively. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The aim of this study was to investigate the spreading pattern and trophic impact of the anomalous Po River flood in the fall of 1994 in the marine area offshore of the Po River delta. The study was carried out by surveying the areal distribution of physical and biogeochemical parameters (pH, redox potential [Eh], water content, grain-size, mineralogy, organic and inorganic C, total N, total organic and inorganic P) in surficial and sub-surficial sediments, and physical-chemical properties (salinity, temperature and dissolved O-2) of the water column. Water column investigations highlighted a fresh, turbid and relatively cold Po River water wedge on the basin surface that extended more than 40 km offshore, well above the usual limits of the Po River plume influence, which was a result of slow geostrophic currents and no wave motion in the basin. The distribution of minerals in sediments (such as serpentine and dolomite), derived from river catchments, provided cues on the maximum extension of Po and northern river influences. Biogeochemical tracers such as organic C and organic P, together with C:N ratios, provided indirect evidence on the development of algal blooms owing to the Po River flood run-off. Indeed, they indicated areas where there was the deposition of autochthonous reactive organic matter, derived from fresh plankton biomass. Their location suggests that the maximum development of plankton blooms occurred along the external edge of the plume, where warm basin waters mixed with colder nutrient-rich waters from the river. The data also suggest that significant amounts of newly formed and degrading organic matter reached bottom waters at the centre of the basin, thus increasing the degree of hypoxia.

A study on nutrient regeneration processes and a measure of their fluxes at the sediment-water interface was carried out in two different stations of a shallow lagoon of the Po delta river (Italy). A few parameters on the solid fraction (grain-size, porosity, C, N) and pore water profiles of o-P, NH3, NO inf3 sup− , SiO2, Tot-CO2, SO inf4 sup2− , Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, pH, Eh were determined. At both stations the results were typical for fine sediments rich in organic matter. The ratio of variations of sulphate (ΔSO inf4 sup2− ) to total carbonate demonstrates the main role sulphate reduction plays on the organic matter decay. The use of the ratios of variations of sulphate (ΔSO inf4 sup2− ) to ammonia (ΔNH3) and of sulphate (ΔSO inf4 sup2− ) to phosphate (Δo-P) in pore waters enabled us to calculate the C/N/P of the decomposing organic matter. Obtained C/N/P indicated an enrichment of N and P with regard to C/N/P ratios of the solid fraction, due to the selective stripping of N and P during organic matter mineralization. This phenomenon decreases with depth, where organic matter becomes more refractory. Calculations on saturation degrees have shown the possibility of authigenic calcite, apatite and rhodochrosite precipitation in sediments. Nutrient fluxes were estimated for SiO2, NH3 and o-P by means of benthic chambers and modelling the pore water profiles. The model used for the calculation of fluxes allowed us to account for the bioturbation-irrigation influence near the interface, by means of a cumulative diffusion coefficient. Directly measured fluxes proved to be always significantly greater than the theoretical ones. These differences seem to be due to surface processes which do not affect pore water concentrations (degradation of fresh materials at the interface; micro-bioturbation by small gasteropoda such as Hydrobia ventrosa) and/or to the different concept of the two methods in time and space. Number, size and biomass of macrobenthic species living in the sediment underneath the benthic chambers were determined. The comparison between data on macrobenthic populations and flux values showed a good relationship between the number of organisms and benthic fluxes within each station. However, flux variations between stations are to be attributed mainly to the different arrangement of the tubes of the polychaetes Polydora ciliata in the sediment.

Morphological reconstruction and biogeochemical characterisation of the lagoon of Comacchio (Italy) were carried out in order to provide recommendations for the recovery, conservation and sustainable management of the Fattibello-Spavola coastal lagoon ecosystem. Samples were taken in two seasons: July 1997 and November 1998. The irregular morphology of the Fattibello lagoon affects depositional processes and seawater exchange (tidal currents). Several depressions retain part of the dense water of the saline wedge; these stagnant waters became sinks for fine terrigenous and organic matter. The basin is already extensively supplied with N and P compounds from land. The inflow is demonstrated by the large quantity of organic C, N and organic and inorganic P compounds in the superficial sediment. The ratios between the various forms of macronutrients indicate that the organic matter is primarily of autochthonous origin, with relatively low C/N ratios (8.4±0.6 and 8.1±0.6 in July and November, respectively). Shallow areas were almost always oxygenated by tidal currents and thus rich in organisms, with a predominance of molluscs and Ficopomatus enigmaticus. However, the trophic equilibrium of the ecosystem was affected by the accumulation of organic matter in the depressions, favoured by the increased hydrodynamics during the autumn. These accumulations generate high oxygen consumption and release considerable quantities of nutrients into the water column, with the risk of serious dystrophy throughout the basin during the summer. Local dredging and an improvement of the circulation have been suggested and carried out to contain these processes. Reclamation measures in the longer term were proposed.

Downward fluxes of particles, organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus and the composition of the settled particulate matter were determined in the north-western Adriatic Sea at two coastal sites influenced by the outflows of the Po and Adige rivers and one offshore site. Vertical fluxes were strongly influenced by resuspension processes in addition to the primary flux and advection. The resuspended material contributed on average 34-43% of the total matter sedimented in the near bottom traps in coastal waters. Net annual vertical fluxes (due to primary flux and advection) of organic carbon, total nitrogen and phosphorus in the coastal stations were: 71-97 g C m(-2) year(-1), 8-14 g N m(-2) year(-1) and 2.1-2.3 g P m(-2) year(-1), with the highest values recorded at the station off the Po river delta. The offshore site was characterised by net annual fluxes of particulates, C, N and P approximately one order of magnitude lower than the above. The carbon export to the bottom was limited in the warm seasons when it constituted only 2-9% of primary production, due to high recycling and utilisation in the upper layer of the water column, increasing up to 8-18% in winter because of the instability of the water column and low biological utilisation.

The aim of the research was to study the geochemical and sedimentological effects on the sea bottom of discharging water-based drilling mud in the sea, and the presence of the drilling platform. Six sampling survey were repeated during seven years on the Antares platform area situated in the Northern Adriatic Sea. The samples were analysed to determine grain size, mineralogical composition, total Fe, Mn, Ba, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Co, Ni and V content (the last four only in the final survey), organic-C, bond type and mineralogical association with the solid matrix of Cr, rb, Zn and Cu. The discharge of cuttings and drilling fluids and the presence of the platform caused an increase in grain size and Ba, Cr, Pb and Zn concentrations. Their areal distribution dependent on the marine hydrodynamic conditions, with accumulations under the platform during the summer and greater dispersion during the winter. In the latter case the presence of the platform increased marine hydrodynamics and consequently sea bottom erosion. After seven years, the chemical and grain size anomalies in the surface sediments had attenuated, although there were still anomalous concentration of some elements. Ba and Cr proved to be effective tracers of, respectively, the coarser and finer particles discharged during drilling. Pb and Zn were associated with the presence of the exploitation platform. Elements introduced with the drilling mud, such as Cr, were subject to a bond ageing process which reduced their bioavailability. Elements introduced into the environment after discharges had ceased, such as Zn, are more bioavailable.

The application of a one-dimensional ecosystem model to a water column in front of the Po Prodelta area in the Northern Adriatic Sea is illustrated here. Validation was carried out for pelagic nutrients and phytoplankton biomasses by comparing simulations with historical data. Calibration was limited to the sediment parameters and to the suspended inorganic matter data from recent PRISMA-I (Programma di RIcerca e Sperimentazione per il Mare Adriatico) data sets. Primary production and nutrient abundance is found to be in overall agreement with climatological observations at the seasonal time scales. Model-data discrepancies are interpreted in the light of model assumptions. Main conclusions concern the importance of the inorganic suspended matter concentrations in determining the seasonal cycle of primary producers hinting to a strong light limitation in algal growth in this river dominated area. The need for further improvements in the pelagic dynamical processes of the silica cycle is also discussed.

The paper presents the synthetic results of a large multidisciplinary research project promoted by AGIP and carried out from 1992 to 1994 and includes some preliminary results of other researches performed up to 1996. Objectives of the research were: to identify, analyse and quantify all the impacts attributable to offshore Exploration and Production activities (E&P) on the coastal and marine environment of the Italian seas; to define a suitable methodology taking into account both normative requirements and the most significant impacts identified by scientific experts, aiming at implementing a PC-based software package helpful in analysing and jointly evaluating all impacts of future offshore projects.

Lake Massaciuccoli catchment (Tuscany, Italy) suffers from many of the environmental problems associated with a typical shallow coastal lake surrounded by urban development and other human activities. Despite this, the fringing marshlands of the Lake maintain ecological resources of national and international value. This fact, combined with the Lake area being within the Natural Park has driven the development of a strategy for the restoration of the Lake principally addressing the problems of eutrophication and those associated with sedimentation of the Lake. Sustainability in policy and its implementation is the key to the management of the Natural Park.

Sequential leaching procedures have been widely used as an environmental tool to quantify sedimentary P reservoirs. Nevertheless, they still present important issues that need to be investigated such as readsorption of leached ions and organic P hydrolysis. Bottom sediments of a lagoonal environment were analyzed following some selected extraction procedures that are based on chelating agents at the same pH as the sediment (GB) or a mixture of reducing and acid extractants (AAC and SEDEX). Readsorption was estimated by washes With MgCl2 after each extraction, and turned out to be significant in the step of the SEDEX sequence that quantifies the authigenic Ca-bound P. Here, readsorbed P accounted for up to 46% of the fraction. In contrast, in the GB sequence readsorbed P accounted for only 1.7 to 4.3% of the Fe-bound P and Ca-bound P. The AAC and SEDEX sequences yielded relative organic P contents ranging from 24.5 to 30.5% of the total P, and the GB sequence yielded values of 41.3 to 50.7%. Despite the large difference between the two sequences, the relative proportions among the samples were consistent. The difference may result from the combination of hydrolysis sedimentary organic P by some extractants (mostly citrate dithionite bicarbonate [CDB] and HCl) in the AAC and SEDEX sequences, and of incomplete dissolution of Ca-bound phases by the relevant chelating agent (Na-EDTA [ethylene dinitrilo tetracetic acid]) in the GB sequence. In fact, when detrital apatite of magmatic origin was used as an analogue phase, only about 48% of it was leached during two Na-EDTA extractions. The undissolved detrital apatite was therefore wrongly attributed to the organic P reservoir and produced values of organic P overestimated by 2.9 to 8.8%. The organic P values obtained with the different sequences, although corrected for this effect, still showed differences of 5.4 to 13.9%, that were attributed to the hydrolysis of labile organic compounds. These results point out that the best sequence to use should be chosen taking into account the peculiarities of each sequence and the contents of detrital apatite and organic matter of the sediments under study.

The identification of the characteristics of transport of phosphorus compounds under different river flows, and the study of the ratio of liquid to solid phase phosphorus loads was possible by sampling Po River waters at the basin closing section. Our observations show that the concentrations of total solid matter transported are determined not only by the extent of water discharge and the succession of different river flows; they also depend on whether contributions are mainly from the Alps or the Apennines. Total phosphorus and organic matter concentrations in suspended sediments decrease as turbidity and discharge increase; we may assume that the minimum total phosphorus values are the typical 'natural levels' of Po Valley basins. Dissolved phosphorus is extremely variable with similar discharges; the whole data base, however, evidences a general inverse proportionality between these two parameters, with a significant difference between winter and summer samples which is due to differences in biological consumptions. The analysis of the liquid/solid phosphorus ratio highlights the importance of the dissolved fraction in medium-low river flows, whereas 90-98% of this element is associated with sediments on high water or flood events.

The nutrients released from the sea bottom through resuspension or diffusion may play an important role in determining the trophic state of aquatic environments. As well as quantifying the nutrients, it is important to recognize the factors and mechanisms which mostly subject their release and determine their extent. Direct measurements of NH 3 , PO 4 and SiO 2 fluxes were made by means of benthic chambers in the Sacca di Goro (a lagoon within the Po River Delta), as an obvious consequence of previous investigations into the processes of nutrient regeneration and release form the sea bottom in the coastal areas facing the Po River Delta

Three hundred and fifty-nine sediment samples taken along the Emilia-Romagna coast were analysed in order to evaluate how coastal engineering structures affect the quality of the environment. These samples were used since they also represented, on an average time scale, the processes occurring in the water column above them. A comparison between areas protected by breakwaters and areas without such protection was made so as to verify eutrophic conditions; in doing so, the influence of river mouths was taken into account. The study developed in the course of two years, with surveys repeated at seasonal intervals

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 534, Issue 1 p. 1000-1020 Sediments and Pollution in the Northern Adriatic Seaa F. FRASCARI, F. FRASCARI Istituto di Geologia Marina Consiglio Nationale delle Ricerche 40127 Bologna, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorM. FRIGNANI, M. FRIGNANI Istituto di Geologia Marina Consiglio Nationale delle Ricerche 40127 Bologna, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorS. GUERZONI, S. GUERZONI Istituto di Geologia Marina Consiglio Nationale delle Ricerche 40127 Bologna, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorM. RAVAIOLI, M. RAVAIOLI Istituto di Geologia Marina Consiglio Nationale delle Ricerche 40127 Bologna, ItalySearch for more papers by this author F. FRASCARI, F. FRASCARI Istituto di Geologia Marina Consiglio Nationale delle Ricerche 40127 Bologna, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorM. FRIGNANI, M. FRIGNANI Istituto di Geologia Marina Consiglio Nationale delle Ricerche 40127 Bologna, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorS. GUERZONI, S. GUERZONI Istituto di Geologia Marina Consiglio Nationale delle Ricerche 40127 Bologna, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorM. RAVAIOLI, M. RAVAIOLI Istituto di Geologia Marina Consiglio Nationale delle Ricerche 40127 Bologna, ItalySearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1988 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb30191.xCitations: 26 a This is contribution number 656 from the Istituto per la Geologia Marina—C. N. R., Bologna. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Golterman, H. L., P. G. Sly & R. L. Thomas. 1983. Technical Papers in Hydrology, Vol. 26. UNESCO. Paris . 2 Aloisi, J. C., G. Cauwet, F. Gadel, H. Got, A. Monaco, F. Vile, C. Causse & M. Pagnon. 1976. Bull. B.R.G.M., (Sect. IV) 2: 69–83. 3 Guerzoni, S., M. Frignani, P. Giordani & F. Frascari. 1984. Environ. Geol. Water Sci. 6(2): 111–119. 4 Frascari, F., M. Frignani, P. Giordani, S. Guerzoni & M. Ravaioli. 1984. Mem. Soc. Geol. It. 27: 469–481. 5 Franco P. 1983. In Proceedings of the Vth Congress of the Italian Association of Oceanology and Limnology (AIOL), Stresa, May 19–22, 1982: 1–27. 6 Malanotte Rizzoli, P. & A. Bergamasco. 1983. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 13(7): 1105–1130. 7 Franco, P., L. Jeftic, P. Malanotte Rizzoli, A. Michelato & M. Orlic. 1982. Oceanol. Acta 5(3): 379–389. 8 Brambati, A., M. Ciabatti, G. P. Fanzutti, F. Marabini & R. Marocco. 1983. Boll. Oceanol. Teor. Appl. 1(4): 267–271. 9 Stefanon, A. 1984. Boll. Oceanol. Teor. Appl. II: 281–324. 10 Michelato, A. 1983. In Proceedings of the Symposium "Eutrofizzazione dell' Adriatico-Ricerche e Linee di Intervento". Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna , May 18–20, 1983: 150–168. 11 Ciabatti, M., P. Colantoni & E. Rabbi. 1968. Giorn. Geol. 34: 479–530. 12 Colantoni, P., P. Gallignani & R. Lenaz. 1979. Mar. Geol. 33: M41–M50. 13 Ravaioli, M. 1988. In Proceedings of the VIIth Congress of the Italian Association of Oceanology and Limnology (AIOL), Trieste, June 11–12, 1986: in press. 14 Jobstraibizer, P. & P. Malesani. 1973. Mem. Soc. Geol. It. 12: 411–452. 15 Donazzolo, R., O. Hieke Merlin, L. Menegazzo Vitturi, A. A. Orio, B. Pavoni, G. Perin & S. Rabitti. 1981. Mar. Poll. Bull. 12: 417–425. 16 Pigorini, B. 1968. Mar. Geol. 6: 187–229. 17 Veniale, F., F. Soggetti, B. Pigorini & A. Dal Negro. 1974. Estudios Geol. 30: 389–392. 18 Tomadin, L. 1979. Gior. Geol. 43: 249–275. 19 Nelson, B. W. 1970. S.E.P.M. Spec. Publ. 15: 152–184. 20 Guerzoni, S., M. Ravaioli, G. Rovatti & O. D. Suman. 1985. In Proceedings of the VIIIth Workshop on Marine Pollution of the Mediterranean, ICSEM, Lucerne , October 12–19, 1984: 303–307. 21 Albertazzi, S., R. F. Bopp, M. Frignani, O. Hieke Merlin, L. Menegazzo Vitturi, M. Ravaioli, H. J. Simpson, L. Tassi Pelati & C. Triulzi. 1984. Mem. Soc. Geol. It. 27: 447–459. 22 Bortoluzzi, G., F. Frascari, M. Frignani, P. Giordani, S. Guerzoni, G. Rovatti & C. Turci. 1984. Mem. Soc. Geol. It. 27: 483–498. 23 Bortoluzzi, G., F. Frascari & M. Ravaioli. 1984. Mem. Soc. Geol. 27: 433–525. 24 Mantovan, P., L. Menegazzo Vitturi, B. Pavoni & S. Rabitti. 1985. Cont. Shelf Res. 4(3): 321–340. 25 I.R.S.A.-C.N.R. 1977. Indagine sulla Qualità delle Acque del Po. Quad. 32. Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque. Milan . 26 Hammond, D. E., P. Giordani, G. Montanari, A. Rinaldi, R. Poletti, G. Rovatti, Astorri & M. Ravaioli. 1984. Mem. Soc. Geol. It. 27: 461–465. 27 Frignani, M., P. Giordani, A. Milandri, C. Nizzoli & R. Poletti. 1988. In Proceedings of the VIIth Congress of the Italian Association of Oceanology and Limnology (AIOL), Trieste, June 11–12, 1986: in press. 28 Nelson, N. 1972. Environ. Res. 5: 249–362. 29 Hasset, J. P. & G. F. Lee. 1975. In Environmental Dynamics of Pesticides. R. Haque & V. H. Freed, Eds.: 173–183. Plenum Press. New York . 30 Woodwell, G. M., P. P. Craig & H. A. Johnson. 1971. Science 174: 1101–1107. 31 Harvey, G. R. & W. G. Steinhauer. 1976. In Environmental Biogeochemistry, Vol. 1. J. O. Nriagu, Ed.: 203–221. Ann Arbor Science. Ann Arbor , MI . 32 Bopp, R. F., H. J. Simpson, C. R. Olsen & N. Kostyk. 1981. Env. Sci. Technol. 15: 210–216. 33 Frignani, M. & M. Ravaioli. 1982. In Proceedings of the Symposium of the P.F. Oceanografia e Fondi Marini (Biological Resources and Marine Pollution), Rome , November 10–11, 1981: 815–828. 34 Donazzolo, R., L. Menegazzo Vitturi, A. A. Orio & B. Pavoni. 1983. Environ. Tec. Lett. 4: 451–462. 35 Fossato, V. U. & M. Frignani. 1981. In Proceedings of the IXth National Symposium "Ambiente e Risorse", Bressanone , September 1–5, 1981: D2. 36 Folsom, T. R. & T. M. Beasley. 1973. In Radioactive Contamination of the Marine Environment. Proceedings Series: 625–632. International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna . 37 Cerrai, E., M. G. Mezzadri, B. Schreiber & G. Motta. 1968. Arch. Oceanogr. Limnol. 16: 45–62. 38 Mezzadri, M. G. & C. Triulzi. 1976. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Medit. 23: 169–171. 39 Duursma, E. K. & M. G. Gross. 1971. Radioactivity in the Marine Environment.: 147–160. National Academy of Sciences. Washington , DC . 40 Schreiber, B., L. Tassi Pelati, M. G. Mezzadri & G. Motta. 1968. Arch. Oceanogr. Limnol. 16: 45–62. 41 Naeve, E. 1974. Rev. Intern. Oceanogr. Med. XXXV-XXXVI: 5–21. 42 Sunda, W. G., D. W. Engel & R. M. Thuotte. 1978. Envir. Sci. Techn. 12: 409–413. 43 Magnusson, W. R., D. K. Harris, M. S. Sun, D. K. Taylor & G. E. Glass. 1979. In Chemical Modelling in Aqueous Systems. E. A. Jeanne, Ed. A. C. S. Symposium Series 93: 635–656. American Chemical Society. Washington , DC . 44 Andrew, R. W., K. E. Biesinger & G. E. Glass. 1977. Water Res. 11: 309–315. 45 Turner, D. R. & M. Withfield. 1980. In Proceedings of the VIth International Symposium on Chemistry in the Mediterranean, May 5–10, 1980, Rovinj, Yugoslavia .: 169–172. 46 Bryan, G. W. 1976. In Effects of Pollutants on Aquatic Organisms. A. P. M. Lockwood, Ed.: 7–34. Cambridge University Press. 47 Luoma, S. N. & G. W. Bryan. 1981. Sci. Tot. Environ. 17: 165–196. 48 Brewers, J. M. & P. A. Yeats. 1981. In Proceedings of the Workshop "River Inputs to Ocean Systems." FAO, Rome , March 26–30, 1979: 103–115. 49 Aston, S. R. & Chester. 1973. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci. 1: 225. 50 Rashid, M. A. 1985. Geochemistry of Marine Humic Compounds. Springer-Verlag. New York . 51 Sholkovitz, E. R. & N. B. Price. 1979. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45: 2501–2509. 52 Grancini, G., B. M. Stievano, F. Girardi, G. Guzzi & R. Pietra. 1975. Mem. Biol. Ocean. 5(4): 77–97. 53 Branica, M. 1978. Thalassia Jugosl. 14: 151–155. 54 Bubic, S., L. Sipos & M. Branica. 1977. Thalassia Jugosl. 13: 122–143. 55 Stefanini, S. 1970. Mem. Mus. Trid. Sci. Nat. 18: 177–206. 56 Paul, J. & D. Meischner. 1976. Senckenberg Marit. 8: 91–102. 57 Donazzolo, R., O. Hieke Merlin, L. Menegazzo Vitturi & B. Pavoni. 1984. Mar. Poll. Bull. 15: 93–101. 58 Frignani, M., F. Frascari, G. Quarantotto & R. Poletti. 1978. Giorn. Geol. 43: 21–45. 59 Bortoluzzi, G., F. Frascari & S. Guerzoni. 1986. In Proceedings of the XXXth Congress of the International Commission for the Scientific Exploration of the Mediterranean (ICSEM), Palma de Mallorca , October 20–25, 1986: 63. 60 Provini, A., G. F. Gaggino & S. Galassi. 1980. Ing. Ambient. 9: 379–390. 61 Provini, A. & G. Pacchetti. 1982. Ing. Ambient. 2(3): 173–183. 62 Anconelli, A., G. Baldrati & W. Vandini. 1980. Acqua-Aria 10/80: 1323–1331. 63 Majori, L., G. Nedoclan & G. B. Modonutti. 1974. Rev. Int. Oceanogr. Med. XXXV-XXXVI:. 64 Selli, R., M. Frignani & P. Giordani. 1977. Atti Conv. Lincei 31: 169–191. 65 Bowen, V. T. & H. D. Livingston. 1981. In Impact of Radionuclides into the Marine Environment. Proceedings Series: 33–63. International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna . 66 Olsen, C. R., P. E. Biscaye, H. J. Simpson, R. M. Trier, N. Kostyk, R. F. Bopp & Y. H. Li. 1980. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci. 10: 119–142. 67 Frignani, M., M. Ravaioli, R. F. Bopp & H. J. Simpson. 1985. In Proceedings of the VIth Congress of the Italian Association of Oceanology and Limnology (AIOL), Livorno , April 12–14, 1984: 329–336. 68 Delfanti, R., V. Fiore, O. Lavarello & C. Papucci. 1986. Aria-Acqua 6/82: 579–585. 69 Basturk, O., M. Dogan, I. Salihoglu & T. I. Balkas. 1980. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 11: 191–195. 70 Halcrow, W., O. W. Mackay & J. Bogan. 1974. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 5: 134–136. 71 Shaw, G. R. & D. W. Connel. 1980. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 11: 356–358. 72 Prater, B. L. & M. A. Anderson. 1977. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 49: 2099–2106. 73 Brambati, A., G. Catani & R. Marocco. 1977. Boll. Soc. Geol. It. 96: 69–86. Citing Literature Volume534, Issue1Living in a Chemical World: Occupational and Environmental Significance of Industrial CarcinogensJune 1988Pages 1000-1020 ReferencesRelatedInformation