The intranuclear localization of SV40 T-antigen (T-Ag) and the cellular protein p53 was studied in SV40 abortively infected baby mouse kidney cells using two complementary methods of ultrastructural immunocytochemistry in combination with preferential staining of nuclear RNP components and electron microscope autoradiography. Both proteins were revealed in association with peri- and interchromatin RNP fibrils containing the newly synthesized hnRNA. In addition, T-Ag and p53 remained bound, at least in part, to the residual internal nuclear matrix following nuclease and salt extractions of infected cells. The localization of T-Ag was different in SV40 lytically infected monkey kidney cells since, in addition to hnRNP fibrils, the viral protein was also associated with cellular chromatin. However, when lytic infection was performed in conditions of blocked viral DNA replication, T-Ag was no longer associated with the cellular chromatin but remained bound to the hnRNP fibrils. We conclude that the transforming and lytic functions of T-Ag can be distinguished by different subnuclear distributions. The significance of the association of T-Ag and p53 with hnRNP fibrils and the internal nuclear matrix is discussed in relation to the role of these structures in the control of cellular mRNA biogenesis.

A procedure is given which allows the construction of a CMOS, isoplanar integrated circuit with independent and self-aligned field implants, for both PMOS and NMOS regions. A unique feature of this procedure is that only time-tested processing steps conventional to either PMOS or NMOS are used. After a detailed description of the process has been given, design-layout restrictions and physical results are discussed.

SUMMARY The growth, development, chemical composition and nutritive value of sunflower (cv. Fransol), was examined from the flower-bud (12 July) to milky-ripe seed (late September) stages. Dry-matter yield increased from 2·1 to 14·1 t/ha over the period. Drymatter content was low (100–110 g/kg) up to flowering, early in August, and then increased to 193 g/kg. Crude protein content declined after flowering and ether extract values were low throughout the period. Organic-matter digestibility in vitro and derived metabolizable energy values declined rapidly with the onset of flowering. Gross energy values, calculated from the proximate constituents, increased to 17·6 MJ/kg D.M. at the end of the period. Calcium to phosphorus ratios varied from 5·6 to 7·4:1. Sunflower was cut and fed to eight Friesian heifers over 3 weeks from the onset of flowering. Average daily D.M. intake was 63·5 g/kg W 0·76 and the organic-matter digestibility was 0·684. Average live-weight gain was 0·79 kg/day. Fresh sunflower was successfully ensiled without an additive 2 weeks after flowering and the silage (pH 4·0) was fed to three cross-bred wethers in a feeding trial. The organic-matter digestibility was 0·649, the metabolizable energy 8·0 MJ/kg D.M. and the average D.M. intake 6·73 g/kg W 0·75 . In a metabolism trial, with four fistulated sheep, the organic-matter digestibility was 0·718, the metabolizable energy 9·4 MJ/kg D.M. and the D.M. intake 43·1 g/kg W 0·75 . Rumen pH decreased and total volatile fatty acid concentration increased markedly within 2 h of feeding the silage. Molar proportions of acetic and propionic acid (0·539 and 0·381), 1 h after feeding, were typical of cereal-based diets. Ammonia-nitrogen concentration increased to a maximum of 216 mg/1 within 2 h of feeding. The good yield and animal performance from fresh sunflower make it a possible annual crop for zero-grazing in late summer in northern Britain. Satisfactory results from feeding sunflower silage suggest that the crop has potential for ensilage if the problem of effluent can be overcome.

AbstractThe effect of sowing date, within the period from late May to mid‐August, on the DM yield of five leafy forage brassica crops sown to a stand was examined over the period 1976–78. Kale was the crop most sensitive to variation in sowing date and yields declined progressively with later sowings. There was no yield benefit from sowing rapes or stubble turnips earlier than mid‐ to late‐June. Raphanobrassica produced yields as good as rape when sown in June. In 1978, DM yields of rape, kale and Raphanobrassica increased from September to early November, largely as a result of stem growth; kale was slower to accumulate DM than rape in late summer but continued growing longer into the autumn. The DM concentrations of all crops increased from September to December. Rape had a higher DM concentration than stubble turnip. Raphanobrassica was 10–25 g kg‐1 lower in DM concentration than rape or kale. Raphanobrassica produced 23–59% flowering plants from late‐May to early‐June sowing. Harvest date affected DM yield and concentration, leaf: stem ratio and flowering percentage. The effects of sowing dale on DM concentration were small.

SUMMARY Experiments in 1976 and 1977, in south-east Scotland, with sunflower (cv. Fransol) examined the effects of bitumen mulch applied after sowing, date and depth of sowing on emergence, flowering and yield. Bitumen mulch increased soil temperatures in April and May by 1–4·5 °C resulting in earlier emergence (6–7 days), more complete emergence under adverse conditions of early and deep sowing, and earlier flowering (2–5 days). Delaying sowing from 7 April to 5 May reduced emergence time and time from sowing to first anthesis. Larger seedlings, having an increased leaf area, resulted from bitumen mulching and early sowing. In the laboratory, increasing temperatures from 5 to 20 °C reduced the average germination time by 0·75 days for each increase of 5 °C. Germination percentage was not affected by temperature over this range. Average seed yields and oil content were markedly different in 1976 and 1977; 2·22 t/ha and 44·7% for 1976 and 0·95 t/ha and 36·9% for 1977. Bitumen mulch and sowing depth had no effect on seed yield or oil content but delaying sowing until 5 May reduced both. Lower seed yields in 1977 resulted from fewer and smaller seeds. Infection of the seed heads with grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) after flowering was high in both years.

Critical magnetic fields of superconducting vacuum-evaporated tin films were measured for all angles $\ensuremath{\theta}$ between the magnetic field and the film surface at temperatures from $0.4{T}_{c}$ to ${T}_{c}$. The experimental results were found to be consistent with Ginzburg-Landau theory provided that the original theory was modified to account for the extended temperature range and the nonlocal nature of superconducting electrodynamics. Measurements of the temperature dependence of the parallel and perpendicular critical fields supported the extensions of Ginzburg-Landau theory developed, most notably, by Maki and de Gennes. The angular dependence of the critical field for $0<\ensuremath{\theta}<\frac{1}{2}\ensuremath{\pi}$ at different temperatures was found to be in agreement with Tinkham's original formula for several sufficiently thin films, $d\ensuremath{\ll}{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{T}$; a detailed derivation of that formula is given here, with discussion of its range of validity. For thicker films the corrections found by Yamafuji et al. were necessary to obtain agreement with the data. The critical fields were carefully measured for $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\approx}0$, and evidence of surface superconductivity was found in the thickest film studied, but not in thinner films. This is consistent with the numerical calculations of St. James and de Gennes.

A case of transient paralysis of the right side of the diaphragm due to socalled isolated phrenic nerve injury in a newborn infant is reported. Signs of respiratory distress and cyanosis appeared on the fourth day of life. The diagnosis was made on the seventh day by means of fluoroscopy.