Precipitation of sludges with ferrous iron salts can increase the total phosphorus content of sludges. However, the forms of phosphorus thus precipitated have never been directly investigated. Three dewatered urban sewage sludges were sampled from wastewater treatment plants performing dephosphatation with the addition of FeSO4 (two anaerobically digested sludges and an activated sludge). Phosphorus species in sludges were investigated by X-ray diffraction, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Vivianite, a ferrous phosphate, was observed in the three sludges. In the two anaerobically digested sludges, 60–67% of the total sludge iron was accounted for by an oxidized vivianite. In the activated sludge, 43% of the total iron was accounted for by a non-oxidized vivianite. In addition, calcium phosphate particles were observed in this sludge. The effects of sludge treatment (FeSO4 addition, digestion, dewatering) and air-drying in the laboratory on the formation and oxidation of vivianite are discussed.

Journal Article The rôle of malaria, folic acid deficiency and haemoglobin as in pregnancy at Mulago Hospital Get access P.J.S. Hamilton, P.J.S. Hamilton Senior Lecturer in Tropical Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D.A.M. Gebbie, D.A.M. Gebbie Professor of Obstetrics Nairobi Medical School, Nairobi, Kenya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N.E. Wilks, N.E. Wilks Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Lothe F. Lothe Former Director of Pathology, Uganda Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 66, Issue 4, 1972, Pages 594–602, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(72)90305-7 Published: 01 January 1972

45 patients with primary megaloblastic anaemia—forming 2% of anaemic in-patients in Kampala—are reviewed. The diversity of aetiological factors and importance of haemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia are stressed.

8 patients with haemophilia, with 11 affected relatives, are reported in Uganda Africans. Reasons are given for believing that haemophilia may be no rarer in Africans than in other peoples.

DEFICIENCY in erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) has been found to be widespread in the tropics and sub-tropics1–9 as well as in the Negro population of America10. Surveys of G-6-PD deficiency in limited areas and populations in Uganda have been reported before11–13, but no country-wide screening for this deficiency in Uganda has been published. In the present investigation only African males were tested, by a screening test with the reduction of brilliant cresyl blue (National Aniline Division) as indicator14. The results, which are shown in Table 1, agree in general with findings in other countries, as well as with the 15 per cent prevalence in Kampala11. The low prevalence in Kabale, however, is striking and compares with that of 2 per cent found in South African male Bantu15. Kabale, at an altitude of 6,000 ft., is situated in the highlands of Kigezi in South-West Uganda near the Rwanda border, and the prevalence of malaria there has been very much lower than elsewhere in Uganda. Conversely, endemic malaria is known to be more prevalent in Bundebugyo than elsewhere16, and Lehmann and Raper16 found there the exceptionally high sickling rate of 39 per cent. The prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency in Bundebugyo, which is slightly greater than average, was shown by tests made on a mixture of indigenous males and recent immigrants from the Fort Portal region. The prevalence among the people indigenous to Bundebugyo region may be considerably greater.

We have previously reported an association between idiopathic tropical splenomegaly, lymphocytic infiltration of the hepatic sinusoids, hyperglobulinaemia, and a raised fluorescent antibody titre to malaria, and have suggested that this is due to an abnormal immune response to malaria, possibly connected with Plasmodium malariae infection (Gebbie et al., 1964; Marsden et ai., 1965).This syndrome is known locally as big spleen disease, and is referred to by that title in this paper.These patients usually have a chronic anaemia due to a shortened red-cell survival (Marsden et al., 1965).In one series 13 of the 15 females were pregnant or lactating (Gebbie et al., 1964).We now present clinical, haematological, biochemical, and immunological studies on a series of patients with anaemia in pregnancy associated with big spleen disease.The relation of these cases to the overall picture of anaemia in pregnancy as seen in Kampala is reported. Materials and MethodsOf 8,579 patients attending the obstetric service of Mulago Hospital in 1964 95 (1.1%) were admitted to hospital because of anaemia, with a haemoglobin of less than 7 g./100 ml.Detailed studies of these patients, including haemoglobin, paper electrophoresis, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase assay (Doxiadis, 1961), liver-function tests, and liver biopsy, enabled us to classify the cause of anaemia as shown in Table I.TABLE I.-Anaemia in Pregnancy: 95 Antenatal Cases Admitted for Anaemia in 1964 Hfookworm infestation and iron deficiency ..Anaemia associated with big spleen disease Anaemia associated with megaloblastic change and big spleen disease Megaloblastic Acute haemolytic with no splenomegaly and normal liver biopsy .. MiscellaneousNo. of Cases ..

Eleven cases of infection with Bacterium anitratum and one with Mima polymorpha are described. Microscopically the organisms showed Gram-negative or Gram-variable diplococci with a tendency to form filaments. There appear to be a number of biochemical variants of B. anitratum. Serological cross-reactions with the genus Klebsiella was found. The antibiotic patterns are given and particular attention is drawn to the resistance of the organisms to chloramphenicol.

UNUSUAL CASES GITLIN, D., ROSEN, F. S., and JANEWAY, C. A. (1962) Pedlat. clin. Ν. America, 9, 405. HUTCHISON, J. H., KERRY, MARGARET M., MCPHAIL, Μ· FLORA, DOUGLAS, Τ. Α., SMITH, G., NORMAN, J. N., and BATES, Ε. H. (1962) Lancet, 2, 465. PARISH, W. E., BARRETT, Α. Μ., COOMBS, R. R;< GUNTHER, MAVIS, and CAMPS, F. E. (1960) Lancet, 2, 1106. PETERSON, D . Α., and GOOD, R. A. (1963) Pediatrics, 31,209. SPAIN, D. M., BRADESS, V. Α., and GREENBLATT, I. J (1954) 1. Amer. med. Ass., 156, 246. USHER, R. (1961) in Somatic Stability in the Newly Bom. London, J. & A. Churchill. VALDÉS-DAPENA. MARIE Α., EICHMAN, MARY fZISKIN, LEAH (1963) J. Pediat., 63, 690. WILKINS, L. (1962a) Arch. dis. Child, 37, 1. WILKINS, L. (1962b) ibid., 37, 231.

In forensic medicine it may be of great importance to determine the time of death with some accuracy. This usually presents difficulties as most of the methods used can only place the time of death within fairly wide limits and this is particularly true when a considerable period of time has elapsed between death and autopsy.

CancerVolume 13, Issue 3 p. 449-457 ArticleFree Access Primary lymphosarcoma of the heart. Review of the literature and report of 3 cases K. Somers M.B., B.CH., M.R.C.P., D.C.H., K. Somers M.B., B.CH., M.R.C.P., D.C.H. Makerere College Medical School and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, UgandaSearch for more papers by this authorF. Lothe M.B., CH.B., M.R.C.P.E., F. Lothe M.B., CH.B., M.R.C.P.E. Makerere College Medical School and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, UgandaSearch for more papers by this author K. Somers M.B., B.CH., M.R.C.P., D.C.H., K. Somers M.B., B.CH., M.R.C.P., D.C.H. Makerere College Medical School and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, UgandaSearch for more papers by this authorF. Lothe M.B., CH.B., M.R.C.P.E., F. Lothe M.B., CH.B., M.R.C.P.E. Makerere College Medical School and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, UgandaSearch for more papers by this author First published: May/June 1960 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(196005/06)13:3<449::AID-CNCR2820130306>3.0.CO;2-VCitations: 48AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1. Aherne, W. A.: Case of primary sarcoma of heart with vertebral metastases. J. Path. & Bart. 72: 323–326, 1956. 2. Bickford, B. J., Egan, M., and Bryce, A. G.: Surgical treatment of tumours of heart; report of 2 cases. Brit. J. 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