This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. The complete 5.4 kton MINOS far detector has been taking data since the beginning of August 2003 at a depth of 2070 meters water-equivalent in the Soudan mine, Minnesota. This paper presents the first MINOS observations of νµ and νµ charged-current atmospheric neutrino interactions based on an exposure of 418 days. The ratio of upward to downward-going events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation in the absence of neutrino oscillations giving:

The Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) experiment uses an accelerator-produced neutrino beam to perform precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters in the "atmospheric neutrino" sector associated with muon neutrino disappearance. This long-baseline experiment measures neutrino interactions in Fermilab's NuMI neutrino beam with a near detector at Fermilab and again 735 km downstream with a far detector in the Soudan Underground Laboratory in northern Minnesota. The two detectors are magnetized steel-scintillator tracking calorimeters. They are designed to be as similar as possible in order to ensure that differences in detector response have minimal impact on the comparisons of event rates, energy spectra and topologies that are essential to MINOS measurements of oscillation parameters. The design, construction, calibration and performance of the far and near detectors are described in this paper.

P. Adamson, T. Alexopoulos, W. W. M. Allison, G. J. Alner, K. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andrews, R. Andrews, C. Arroyo, S. Avvakumov, D. S. Ayres, B. Baller, B. Barish, M. A. Barker, P. D. Barnes, Jr., G. Barr, W. L. Barrett, E. Beall, B. R. Becker, A. Belias, T. Bergfeld, R. H. Bernstein, D. Bhattacharya, M. Bishai, A. Blake, V. Bocean, B. Bock, G. J. Bock, J. Boehm, D. J. Boehnlein, D. Bogert, P. M. Border, C. Bower, S. Boyd, E. Buckley-Geer, A. Byon-Wagner, A. Cabrera, J. D. Chapman, T. R. Chase, S. K. Chernichenko, S. Childress, B. C. Choudhary, J. H. Cobb, J. D. Cossairt, H. Courant, D. A. Crane, A. J. Culling, J. W. Dawson, D. M. DeMuth, A. De Santo, M. Dierckxsens, M. V. Diwan, M. Dorman, G. Drake, R. Ducar, T. Durkin, A. R. Erwin, C. O. Escobar, J. Evans, O. D. Fackler, E. Falk Harris, G. J. Feldman, N. Felt, T. H. Fields, R. Ford, M. V. Frohne, H. R. Gallagher, M. Gebhard, A. Godley, J. Gogos, M. C. Goodman, Yu. Gornushkin, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, N. Grossman, J. J. Grudzinski, K. Grzelak, V. Guarino, A. Habig, R. Halsall, J. Hanson, D. Harris, P. G. Harris, J. Hartnell, E. P. Hartouni, R. Hatcher, K. Heller, N. Hill, Y. Ho, C. Howcroft, J. Hylen, M. Ignatenko, D. Indurthy, G. M. Irwin, C. James, L. Jenner, D. Jensen, T. Joffe-Minor, T. Kafka, H. J. Kang, S. M. S. Kasahara, J. Kilmer, H. Kim, G. Koizumi, S. Kopp, M. Kordosky, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kostin, D. A. Krakauer, S. Kumaratunga, A. S. Ladran, K. Lang, C. Laughton, A. Lebedev, R. Lee, W. Y. Lee, M. A. Libkind, J. Liu, P. J. Litchfield, R. P. Litchfield, N. P. Longley, P. Lucas, W. Luebke, S. Madani, E. Maher, V. Makeev, W. A. Mann, A. Marchionni, A. D. Marino, M. L. Marshak, J. S. Marshall, J. McDonald, A. McGowan, J. R. Meier, G. I. Merzon, M. D. Messier, D. G. Michael, R. H. Milburn, J. L. Miller, W. H. Miller, S. R. Mishra, P. S. Miyagawa, C. Moore, J. Morfı́n, R. Morse, L. Mualem, S. Mufson, S. Murgia, M. J. Murtagh, J. Musser, D. Naples, C. Nelson, J. K. Nelson, H. B. Newman, F. Nezrick, R. J. Nichol, T. C. Nicholls, J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux, J. Oliver, W. P. Oliver, V. A. Onuchin, T. Osiecki, R. Ospanov, J. Paley, V. Paolone, A. Para, T. Patzak, Z. Pavlovich, G. F. Pearce, N. Pearson, C. W. Peck, C. Perry, E. A. Peterson, D. A. Petyt, H. Ping, R. Piteira, A. Pla-Dalmau, R. K. Plunkett, L. E. Price, M. Proga, D. R. Pushka, D. Rahman, R. A. Rameika, T. M. Raufer, A. L. Read, B. Rebel, D. E. Reyna, C. Rosenfeld, H. A. Rubin, K. Ruddick, V. A. Ryabov, R. Saakyan, M. C. Sanchez, N. Saoulidou, J. Schneps, P. V. Schoessow, P. Schreiner, R. Schwienhorst, V. K. Semenov, S.-M. Seun, P. Shanahan, P. D. Shield, W. Smart, V. Smirnitsky, C. Smith, P. N. Smith, A. Sousa, B. Speakman, P. Stamoulis, A. Stefanik, P. Sullivan, J. M. Swan, P. A. Symes, N. Tagg, R. L. Talaga, E. Tetteh-Lartey, J. Thomas, J. Thompson, M. A. Thomson, J. L. Thron, R. Trendler, J. Trevor, I. Trostin, V. A. Tsarev, G. Tzanakos, J. Urheim, P. Vahle, M. Vakili, K. Vaziri, C. Velissaris, V. Verebryusov, B. Viren, L. Wai, C. P. Ward, D. R. Ward, M. Watabe, A. Weber, R. C. Webb, A. Wehmann, N. West, C. White, R. F. White, S. G. Wojcicki, D. M. Wright, Q. K. Wu, W. G. Yan, T. Yang, F. X. Yumiceva, J. C. Yun, H. Zheng, M. Zois, and R. Zwaska

This Letter reports results from the MINOS experiment based on its initial exposure to neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI beam. The rates and energy spectra of charged current nu(mu) interactions are compared in two detectors located along the beam axis at distances of 1 and 735 km. With 1.27 x 10(20) 120 GeV protons incident on the NuMI target, 215 events with energies below 30 GeV are observed at the Far Detector, compared to an expectation of 336+/-14 events. The data are consistent with nu(mu) disappearance via oscillations with |Delta(m)2/32|=2.74 +0.44/-0.26 x10(-3)eV(2) and sin(2)(2theta(23))>0.87 (68% C.L.).

The complete 5.4 kton MINOS far detector has been taking data since the beginning of August 2003 at a depth of 2070 meters water-equivalent in the Soudan mine, Minnesota. This paper presents the first MINOS observations of muon neutrino and muon anti-neutrino charged-current atmospheric neutrino interactions based on an exposure of 418 days. The ratio of upward to downward-going events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation in the absence of neutrino oscillations giving: R_data(up/down)/R_MC(up/down) = 0.62^{+0.19}_{-0.14} (stat.) +- 0.02 (sys.). An extended maximum likelihood analysis of the observed L/E distributions excludes the null hypothesis of no neutrino oscillations at the 98 % confidence level. Using the curvature of the observed muons in the 1.3 T MINOS magnetic field muon neutrino and muon anti-neutrino interactions are separated. The ratio of muon neutrino to muon anti-neutrino events in the data is compared to the Monte Carlo expectation assuming neutrinos and anti-neutrinos oscillate in same manner giving: R_data(numubar/numu)/R_MC(numubar/numu) = 0.96^{+0.38}_{-0.27} (stat.) +- 0.15 (sys.), where the errors are the statistical and systematic uncertainties. Although the statistics are limited, this is the first direct observation of atmospheric neutrino interactions separately for muon neutrinos and muon anti-neutrinos.

Most of the mass of the Milky Way is contributed by its halo, presumably in the form of noninteracting cold dark matter. The axion is a compelling cold dark matter candidate. We report results from a search that probes the local Galactic halo axion density using the Sikivie radio frequency cavity technique. Candidates over the frequency range 550 MH less than or equal to f less than or equal to 810 MHz (2.3 mueV less than or equal to m(a) less than or equal to 3.4 mueV) were investigated. The absence of a signal suggests that the axions of Kim and Shifman, Vainshtein, & Zakharov contribute no more than 0.45 GeV cm(-3) of mass density to the local dark matter halo over this mass range.

An axion detector consisting of a tunable high-Q cavity, a superconducting magnet, and a superheterodyne receiver with an ultra-low noise pre-amplifier has been built to search for galactic halo axions in the mass range of 1.3–13μeV. The detector instrumentation, search process, and data analysis are described. For the first time, this class of detector has reached sufficient sensitivity to detect halo axions with high confidence.

We report the first results of a high-sensitivity $(\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}23}\mathrm{W})$ search for light halo axions through their conversion to microwave photons. At the 90% confidence level, we exclude a Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion of mass $2.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ to $3.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\mathrm{eV}$ as the dark matter in the halo of our galaxy.

Results from the experimental testing of the prototype TESLA Test Facility (TTF) RF photoinjector are summarized. Preliminary measurements of the performance of the injector indicate that, with refinement, the design values for the transverse emittances (20/spl times/20 /spl pi/ mm-mr) are not unrealistic, with uncompressed transverse emittances of 40 /spl pi/ mm-mr having been obtained under somewhat less ideal circumstances than those simulated. Preliminary pulse length measurements with and without the pulse compressor suggest pulse compression, but further study is required.

Atomic antihydrogen has recently been observed at Fermilab [1].It appears feasible to measure the principal structure, fine structure and Lamb shift of antihydrogen atoms in flight [2}.It is possible to test the proposed techniques and measure cross sections for the relevant atomic processes at relativistic velocities by first using a proton beam.We propose to perform such a test at the FNAL Booster using 8 GeV protons, either in the old transfer line from the Booster to the Main Ring (the proposed "silicon damage" test facility) or in the permanent magnet transfer line to the Main Injector.

includes a spherical Compton scatterer made of lithium hydride enriched to 95.6% Lithium 6. This work explored various parabolic scatterers using Monte Carlo transport calculations performed on the MCNP computer program from Los Alamos National Lab. The parabolic shape was optimized to increased the X-ray dose at a silicone target by a factor of 7. The geometry also decreased the neutron and gamma doses to less than 1% of the X-ray dose while achieving an 80% uniformity of dose across a 1-meter-radius silicon disk.

An experiment is described to detect dark matter axions trapped in the halo of our galaxy. Galactic axions are converted into microwave photons via the Primakoff effect in a static background field provided by a superconducting magnet. The photons are collected in a high Q microwave cavity and detected by a low noise receiver. The axion mass range accessible by this experiment is 1.3-13 micro-eV. The expected sensitivity will be roughly 50 times greater than achieved by previous experiments in this mass range. The assembly of the detector is well under way at LLNL and data taking will start in mid-1995.

We propose a large-scale experimental search for dark-matter axions which may constitute an important fraction of our own galactic halo. As shown by Sikivie, 1 dark-matter axions may be detected by their stimulated conversion into monochromatic microwave photons in a tunable high-Q cavity inside a strong magnetic field. The principal improvement in power sensitivity over two earlier pilot experiments (×25) derives from the large-volume high field superconducting magnet (the NASA SUMMA coils). The improvement in mass range (1.5 to 12.6 μeV) will result from the use of several microwave cavity arrays, of 2 n cavities each, over the course of the experimental program, rather than a single cavity. We are participating in a joint venture with the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences to do R&D on metalized precision-formed ceramic microwave cavities for the axion search.

We have searched for light scalar and/or pseudoscalar particles that couple to two photons by studying the propagation of a laser beam (lambda=514 nm) through a transverse magnetic field. A limit of 3.5 X 10(-10) rad was set on a possible optical rotation of the beam polarization for an effective path length of 2.2 km in a 3.25 T magnetic field. We find that the coupling g(alphagammagamma) < 3.6 X 10(-7) GeV-1 at the 95% confidence level, provided m(a) < 10(-3) eV. Similar limits can be set from the absence of ellipticity in the transmitted beam. We also searched for photon regeneration in a magnetic field and found the limit g(alphagammagamma) < 6.7 X 10(-7) GeV-1 for the same range of particle mass.

We have searched for the regeneration of photons propagating in a transverse magnetic field. Such an effect would reveal the existence of light scalar or pseudoscalar particles such as the axion that couple to two photons. We obtain for this coupling the limitgaγγ<(1.3×106 GeV)−1, provided the axion massm a ≲10−3 eV.

Using a sensitive ellipsometer we have measured the Cotton-Mouton constant of helium at 514.5 nm. We have found that, at 1 atm and 0°C,CCM(He) = (3.5 ± 0.7) × 10-20 G-2cm-1. Our experimental value is compatible within the errors with previous theoretical calculations.