Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship of tinnitus loudness, annoyance and handicap in tinnitus patients with the level of coronavirus-related anxiety, psychological distress, and fear. It was also aimed to evaluate the effects of insomnia severity and social and emotional loneliness perception on tinnitus in the pandemic period. Materials and Methods: A total of 112 patients over the age of 18 who were followed up in two centers with the diagnosis of chronic subjective tinnitus were included in the study. During the pandemic, the data were collected using the following tools via Google Forms: Demographic Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for tinnitus loudness and annoyance, the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Fear of COVID Scale (FCVS-T), COVID-19 related Psychological Distress Scale (CORPD), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale (SELSA-S). Results: A weak positive correlation was found between CAS score and VAS for tinnitus loudness and annoyance, FCVS-T, ISI, Selsa-S total scores; between FCVS-T score and VAS for annoyance, CORPD, ISI scores; and, between CORPD and THI, ISI scores (p

Aim: The autonomic nervous system has a direct or indirect effect on motor speech and its development. The results of studies evaluating autonomic functions in stuttering individuals show that further research is needed in different age groups. In this study, the aim was to evaluate autonomic function by analysing heart rate variability (HRV) in children with stutter. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 41 individuals (11 females, 30 males) between the ages of 6-17 years (mean age: 10.17±2.75), diagnosed with stuttering were evaluated. The control (healthy/normal) group comprised 41 individuals (12 female, 29 male) between the ages of 6-17 years (mean age: 10.78±2.78), who did not have any speech disorder complaints and no family history. The level of stuttering was designated by applying the Turkish version of the Stuttering Severity Instrument Fourth Edition to the diagnosed group. All cases were tested for HRV and analysed using the 24-hour Holter electrocardiography recording method. Correlations between stuttering severity and the HRV parameters of the stuttering group, and correlations of HRV parameters in both groups were examined. Results: A positive significant correlation was found between secondary behaviours in the stuttering group and the standard deviation of the mean NN intervals in 5-minute recordings (SDANN) of the HRV test. Additionally, when the correlation of HRV parameters between the groups was examined, the SDANN parameter in the stuttering group was statistically significantly higher (p<0.05). The other parameters were not statistically significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: In this study, when the HRV parameters of the stuttering children were compared with the non-stuttering children, no significant differences were found to prove autonomic nervous system dysregulation.

INTRODUCTION:Vocal fold nodules are benign lesions that cause hoarseness in all age groups including children, adolescents, and adults. These nodules may be caused either by singing or other causes of tension in vocal activity.OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological symptoms of adult patients with hoarseness and to investigate the relationship in psychological symptoms before and after voice therapy.METHODS:23 Patients who were admitted with a voice complaint and diagnosed with vocal fold nodules and a matched control group were evaluated. Two inventories recommended by our psychiatrist (The Beck Anxiety Inventory, Brief Symptom Inventory) and Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10), were completed to evaluate the treatment outcomes and psychosocial properties of the patients before and after voice therapy.RESULTS:A significant difference was observed in the BAI and BSI scores between the nodule (+) group and the control group at the beginning of the study, before voice therapy. A significant difference was found between the mean scores on the BAI and the BSI before and after therapy in the vocal fold nodules group.CONCLUSION:Patients with vocal fold nodules should be evaluated more extensively using psychological assessment scales, such as the BSI, and a psychiatric consultation should be added in cases of abnormal findings.

Boğaz Anabilim Dalı Odyoloji, Ses ve Konuşma Bozuklukları Bölümü Investigation of language, scientific process skills and auditory reasoning skills in pre-school children with cochlear implantsThis study aimed to evaluate the receptive language and expressive language, scientific process, auditory reasoning and processing skills of preschool children with cochlear implants.In the study, 20 children with cochlear implants (CI) between 60-72 months and 20 children with normal hearing (NH) who were matched with these children according to age and gender were included.The children's receptive and expressive language skills were evaluated using the Turkish Early Language Development Test (TELD), their scientific process skills were evaluated using the Pre-school Term Scientific Process to Skill Test(TSSP), and their auditory reasoning-processing skills were evaluated using the Selçuk Auditory Reasoning and Processing Skills Test (SARPST).statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the recipient language and expressive language scores, TSSP measuring subtest scores, SARPST general knowledge, analogy completion, causal reasoning subtests scores, and SARPST total score.It was also found that there was a positive and a linear relationship between the 3 tests children with CI.

Objective: To compare the V. wave latencies, amplitudes, and testing times of auditory brainstem response (ABR) using Click and CE-Chirp stimuli in patients with unilateral total hearing loss (HL). Materials and Methods: Male patients with one normal ear and a total HL in the other were tested for Click and CE-Chirp ABR, Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA), Stenger, and Tympanometry. PTA thresholds in normal hearing ears were 20 dB HL for each frequency, tympanogram resulted to type A, and Stenger was negative in total HL. Click and CE-Chirp stimuli were sent using an alternating polarity and inserting ER 3A headphones (Rate: 20.1, High Pass Filter: 100 Hz, and Low Pass Filter: 3,000 Hz). Ear with total HL tested with 100 dB and 95 dBnHL, normal hearing ear was tested with 80, 60, 40, 30, 20, and 10 dBnHL, 15 dB, and 5 dBnHL to determine the hearing level. ABR thresholds, V. wave latencies, amplitudes, and test times for each Click and CE-Chirp stimuli were compared. Results: Results of 71 patients were analyzed. The CE-Chirp ABR wave V amplitudes were higher at all levels except 80 dBnHL. Click ABR wave V latencies at 80 and 60 dBnHL levels were longer (p=0.00). CE-Chirp ABR wave V latencies at 40 dBnHL and below were longer (p=0.00). CE-Chirp ABR thresholds (12.81 dBnHL) were closer to 2-4 kHz behavioral threshold averages (10.45 dBnHL) than Click ABR thresholds (14.64 dBnHL). CE-Chirp ABR test time was shorter (14.57 +/- 3.83 vs. 17.91 +/- 3.94 min, p=0.00). Conclusion: The CE-Chirp stimulus was used to evaluate the normal hearing ear in patients with unilateral total HL, which shortens the test time and provides closer results to behavioral thresholds. CE-Chirp ABR method is more advantageous than the Click ABR method to evaluate patients with unilateral total HL.

OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between tinnitus parameters (duration, severity, reaction, handicap levels) and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain values in patients with tinnitus with normal hearing without vertigo or any other complaints and to compare the VOR gains with a healthy group. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study group consisted of 30 individuals aged between 18 and 65 years who suffered from tinnitus but not from hearing loss and vertigo. The control group also consisted of 30 individuals who were categorized as healthy adults. The tinnitus handicap inventory, tinnitus reaction questionnaire, and tinnitus handicap questionnaire were applied to each individual in the tinnitus group, and the video head impulse test (VHIT) was conducted in 2 groups. RESULTS:Statistically, a significant difference was found between the 2 groups in terms of VOR gain values in horizontal and vertical semicircular canal planes (p<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between tinnitus parameters, age, and VOR gain values in the study group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION:Considering the lower VOR gain values of the study group than the control group, these patients may need to be followed up for vestibular dysfunction associated with tinnitus, which can be a symptom of peripheral vestibular disorder. Moreover, this study will contribute to the literature because we determined a high-frequency component of VOR by VHIT, which was used to evaluate the relationship between tinnitus parameters and peripheral vestibular function.

Bu araştırmada, işitme kaybına bağlı olarak koklear implant kullanan ve normal işiten okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının matematiksel akıl yürütme becerilerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya, okul öncesi dönemde (60-72 ay) anasınıfına ve özel eğitim merkezine devam eden 22 koklear implantlı çocuk ve bu çocuklarla yaş ve cinsiyete göre eşleştirilmiş anasınıfı öğrencisi 22 normal işiten çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan çocuklara, Ayşegül Ergül tarafından 2014 yılında geliştirilen, “Erken Matematiksel Akıl Yürütme Becerileri Değerlendirme Aracı” uygulanmıştır. Veriler, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, Spearman's rho testleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; koklear implantlı çocukların tüm alanlarda, normal işiten yaşıtlarının gerisinde kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Kİ kullanım süresi ve özel eğitim süresi ile değerlendirme aracındaki puanlar arasında pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur.

Background/aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI). Materials and methods:The study was conducted with 535 participants including 285 patients with voice disorders and 250 healthy controls. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated for the reliability analysis. The mean VFI factor scores of both groups were compared. The strength and direction of the relation between VFI and Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) measure was evaluated for the validity analysis. Results:The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of VFI factor scores was found to be 0.920 for tiredness and avoidance of voice use, 0.879 for physical discomfort with voice use, and 0.882 for improvement of symptoms with voice rest. The test-retest reliability revealed 0.877 for the tiredness and avoidance of voice use, 0.913 for the physical discomfort with voice use, and 0.820 for the improvement of symptoms with voice rest. When compared with healthy individuals, VFI factor scores were statistically significant higher in patients with voice disorders. The V-RQOL scores decreased significantly as the VFI scores increased. Conclusion:The Turkish version of the VFI is a good reliable and valid instrument for evaluating vocal fatigue symptoms in the Turkish-speaking community.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), is the most common cause among congenital infections and is the most seen etiology in long-term sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and neurological impairment. Congenital CMV infection (CCMV) was reported in 0.15-2.2% of live-borne neonates in studies from different countries. A significant proportion of infected infants are asymptomatic after birth and might only be detected by routine screening methods during the new born period. The aim of this study was to screen the saliva of live-born neonates with areal-time PCR based method for the detection of CCMV in our hospital. Saliva samples collected in half an hour after birth by dry dacron swabs and were evaluated for CMV DNA (Rt-PCR, Abbott Molecular USA) from 1000 babies born in Ege University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Obstetrics Clinic between October 2015-October 2017. For the confirmation of CCMV, saliva positive newborns were evaluated with the same method for CMV DNA from their urine or blood within 21 days. All newborns were screened for sensorineural hearing tests. Subjects were 497 girls (49.7%) and 503 boys (50.3%), with a mean weight of 3116.8 g and mean of 37.61 birth week. CMV DNA was positive in the saliva of 16 newborns (1.6%). Fourteen newborns were weakly positive for CMV DNA in their saliva and were not confirmed for CCMV infection. Congenital CMV was confirmed in only two (0.2%) with the CMV DNA results in urine and/or blood samples. One of the two newborns with CCMV was symptomatic and had a neurosensorial hearing loss. The other one was asymptomatic. Saliva samples, taken immediately after birth with a noninvasive and easy method for the detection of CMV DNA is very important for diagnosis of CCMV. Positive samples should be confirmed with CMV DNA in urine or blood samples of these newborns. In this study, detection of positivity in saliva samples that were confirmed with other samples of our newborn population for CCMV was 0.2%. The specific diagnosis for CCMV in newborns with a noninvasive and easy collecting sample is important to avoid sequelae and for public health concerns.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), is the most common cause among congenital infections and is the most seen etiology in long-term sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and neurological impairment. Congenital CMV infection (CCMV) was reported in 0.15-2.2% of live-borne neonates in studies from different countries. A significant proportion of infected infants are asymptomatic after birth and might only be detected by routine screening methods during the new born period. The aim of this study was to screen the saliva of live-born neonates with areal-time PCR based method for the detection of CCMV in our hospital. Saliva samples collected in half an hour after birth by dry dacron swabs and were evaluated for CMV DNA (Rt-PCR, Abbott Molecular USA) from 1000 babies born in Ege University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Obstetrics Clinic between October 2015-October 2017. For the confirmation of CCMV, saliva positive newborns were evaluated with the same method for CMV DNA from their urine or blood within 21 days. All newborns were screened for sensorineural hearing tests. Subjects were 497 girls (49.7%) and 503 boys (50.3%), with a mean weight of 3116.8 g and mean of 37.61 birth week. CMV DNA was positive in the saliva of 16 newborns (1.6%). Fourteen newborns were weakly positive for CMV DNA in their saliva and were not confirmed for CCMV infection. Congenital CMV was confirmed in only two (0.2%) with the CMV DNA results in urine and/or blood samples. One of the two newborns with CCMV was symptomatic and had a neurosensorial hearing loss. The other one was asymptomatic. Saliva samples, taken immediately after birth with a noninvasive and easy method for the detection of CMV DNA is very important for diagnosis of CCMV. Positive samples should be confirmed with CMV DNA in urine or blood samples of these newborns. In this study, detection of positivity in saliva samples that were confirmed with other samples of our newborn population for CCMV was 0.2%. The specific diagnosis for CCMV in newborns with a noninvasive and easy collecting sample is important to avoid sequelae and for public health concerns.

In this study, it is aimed to compare the early literacy skills of children with cochlear implants with 60-72 months of preschool and / or special education to the results of children with normal hearing.For this purpose, the following questions were sought.In this study, "Demographic Form" containing the general information of volunteer families and children was included in the study and Early Literacy Test-EROT was applied to evaluate the early literacy skills of children.As a result, word knowledge between two groups, receptive and expressive language, general naming, knowledge of function scores were statistically different; in the phonological awareness sub-tests, the difference between separating the word into syllable, combining syllables, eliminating the first sound of words results with cochlear implants were statistically significant between two groups.However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of rhyme awareness, matching the first sound of words, matching the last sound of words, separating the sentence into words, eliminating the last voice of words and total phonological awareness scores; moreover, it was found that CI users had lower scores in the knowledge of letter, listening comprehension subtests and EROT total scores, and the difference between the groups was significant.

To investigate the role of voice therapy (VT) and factors that may affect the response to VT in the treatment of vocal fold polyps, especially as a complement to phonosurgery.

OZET Amac: Dogustan veya sonradan meydana gelen bir nedenle, isitme kaybi yasayan cocuklar icin erken donemde yapilacak olan klinik ve egitim uygulamalari multidisipliner bir calismayi gerektirmektedir. Bu calismada, Odyoloji ve konusma bozukluklari alaninda lisansustu egitime devam eden ogrencilerin, isitme kayipli cocuklarin dil, konusma ve iletisim becerilerinin desteklenmesi ve isitme gereksinimi alanindaki mudahalelere yonelik klinik uygulamalar ile ogretim duzenlemeler hakkindaki goruslerinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Yontem: Betimsel desende gerceklestirilen calismanin verileri arastirmacilar tarafindan hazirlanan gorusme formu ile toplanmistir. Amacli ornekleme yolu ile belirlenen katilimcilara yonelik yas, cinsiyet, mesleki kidem, lisansustu tercih nedeni, gereksinim duydugu egitimler gibi 12 farkli demografik bilgi ile 12 gorusme sorusunun yer aldigi veri toplama araci kullanilmistir. 15’i Odyoloji, fizik, biyoloji ve lisanslarindan mezun ve 2’si KBB uzmani toplam 17 katilimci ile lisansustu egitim dersleri sonunda arastirmacilar tarafindan bilgilendirme oturumlari yapilmis, yuz yuze gorusulmus ve katilimcilar gorusme formlarindaki sorulari yanitlamislardir. Veriler betimsel analiz teknigi kullanilarak analiz edilmistir. Bulgular: Isitme kayipli cocuklarin tani, tedavi, egitimleri, aileleri ile isbirligi, okul cagindaki isitme kayip cocuklar icin yapilacak duzenlemeler, isaret dili ile ilgili uygulamalar ve yasal duzenlemeler, programlarin niteligine yonelik bulgular elde edilmistir. Sonuc: Calismada elde edilen bulgularin, isitme kayip cocuklarin tani ve degerlendirme surecleri, aileler ve diger uzmanlarla isbirliginin saglanmasi, iletisim yaklasimlari, saglik ve egitim programlarinin hazirlanmasi, destek egitim hizmetlerinin ve programin izlenmesi, degerlendirilmesi yoluyla uygulamalara katki saglayacagi dusunulmektedir. Ayrica, bu alanda egitim alacak personel goruslerinin calisanlarin mesleki yeterliklerinin gelistirilmesi surecinde lisans ve yuksek lisans egitim programlarindaki duzenlemelere katki saglamasi beklenmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Isitme kaybi, Konusma, Odyoloji, Ozel egitim

ObjectiveAim of this sudy was to evaluate the correlation between Turkish Voice Handicap Index-10 (TVHİ-10) and Turkish Voice-Related Quality of Life Questionnaries (TV-RQOL) on patients with dysphonia.MethodsTwo different groups were formed with patients with dysphonia and healthy individuals between February and July 2016. After medical history and otorhinolaringologic and phoniatric examinations all the subjects completed TVHI-10 and TV-RQOL questionnaries. The correlation between scores of parameters of questionnaries were evaluated.ResultsData of 104 patients (59 women, 45 men) with a mean age of 46±15 years in dysphonia group and 75 individuals (38 women, 37 men) with a mean age of 45±13.8 years in healthy group were evaluated. TVHI-10 and TV-RQOL parameters' scores were significantly higher in dysphonia group than healthy group. There were positive and significant correlations between scores of TVHI-10 and TV-RQOL parameters of all 179 individuals. There was significant positive correlation between total scores of TVHI-10 and TV-RQOL values of all individuals (r=0.949, p<0.001).ConclusionThere is positive significant correlation between validated Turkish versions of VHI-10 and V-RQOL questionnaries as a self-assessment measurement tools. The results of studies which use TV-RQOL can be compared with the results of the studies using TVHI-10.

Mandibulectomy and mandibulotomy procedures are performed with the oscillating saw and the acoustic energy generated during the osteotomies is transferred to the cochlea via temporomandibular joint and air conduction. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of mandibulectomy and mandibulotomy on cochlear function. This study was carried out on 15 patients who underwent at an otolaryngology department of a tertiary medical center between January 2013 and August 2015. The study was designed as a prospective study. All of the data were prospectively collected. These included demographic data, date of the surgery, type of surgery, preoperative pure-tone audiometry, preoperative and postoperative distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurements. Of the DPOAE measurements, there was a statistically significant difference between the signal-to-noise ratio measurement on the right ear measurement at 4kHz (P<0.05). Additionally, there was a statistically significant correlation between the signal-to-noise ratio measurements and the side of the osteotomy (P<0.05). In conclusion, it is found that mandibulectomy and mandibulotomy procedure has a negative effect on cochlear function in the early period. The DPOAEs were diminished on the osteotomy site in day one postoperatively. Results with a longer follow-up time can yield more information on the prognosis of the cochlear damage.

Objectives Bilateral vocal fold abductor paralysis (BVFAP) both deteriorates quality of life and may cause life-threatening respiratory problems. The aim of this study was to reduce respiratory symptoms in BVFAP patients using cricothyroid (CT) botulinum toxin (BTX) injection. Methods Before and 2 weeks and 4 months after bilateral BTX injection into the CT muscles under electromyography; alterations in respiratory, acoustic, aerodynamic and quality of life parameters were evaluated in BVFAP patients with respiratory distress. For the respiratory evaluation modified Borg scale and spirometry, for the voice and aerodynamic evaluations Voice Handicap Index-30 (VHI-30), GRBAS, acoustic analysis (sound pressure level, F0, jitter%, shimmer%, noise-to-harmonic ratio) and maximum phonation time and for the quality of life assessment Short Form-36 (SF-36) form were used. Results All patients were female with a mean age of 47±8.1 years. There was a mean time of 11.8±5.5 (minimum 2, maximum 23) months between BVFAP development and BTX injection. In all cases, other than one case with unknown aetiology, the cause of vocal fold paralysis was prior thyroid surgery. In total 18.6±3.1 units of BTX were applied to the CTs. In the preinjection period, and the 2nd week and 4th month after injection, the Borg dyspnea scale was 7.3/5.3/5.0, FIV1 (forced inspiratory volume in one second) was 1.7/1.7/1.8 L, peak expiratory flow (PEF) was 1.4/1.7/2.1 L/sec, maximum phonation time was 7.0/6.4/6.2 seconds and VHI-30 was 63.2/52.2/61.7 respectively. There was no significant alteration in acoustic analysis parameters. Many of the patients reported transient dysphagia within the first week. There were insignificant increases in SF-36 sub-scale values. Conclusion After BTX injection, improvements in the mean Borg score, PEF and FIV1 values and SF-36 sub-scale scores showed the restricted success of this approach. This modality may be kept in mind as a transient treatment option for patients refused persistent tracheotomy or ablative airway surgeries.

Amaç: Tinnitus hastalarında gevşeme egzersizlerinin ve maskeleme tedavisinin prospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya kulak burun boğaz kliniğine konsülte edilen ve ortalama yaşı 54.69±12.68 yıl olan 32 kronik tinnitus hastası alındı. Hastalar randomizasyonla dört gruba ayrılmış olup bunlar sırasıyla: 1) Tinnitus maskeleme cihazı ve gevşeme egzersizleri verilen, 2) Sadece tinnitus maskeleme cihazı verilen, 3) Sadece gevşeme egzersizleri verilen ve 4) Tinnitus maskeleme veya gevşeme egzersizleri verilmeyen (kontrol grubu) hastalardan oluşmaktaydı. Girişimde Türk Psikoloji Derneği gevşeme egzersizleri CD'si ve tinnitus maskeleme cihazı kullanıldı. Hastaların değerlendirilmesinde ve takibinde Tinnitus reaksiyon anketi (TRQ-Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire), tinnitus handikap anketi (THQ-Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire), olgu takip formu ve tinnitus/hiperakuzi ilk değerlendirme formundan yararlanıldı. Hastalar ilk başvuruda ve üçüncü ayın sonunda değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Grup 1-4'teki hastalarında çalışma başındaki TRQ skorları sırasıyla 37.38±19.81, 21±21.82, 27.25±13.12 ve 35.25±24.51; Grup 1-4'teki hastaların üçüncü ayın sonundaki TRQ skorları sırasıyla 21.5±16, 17.25±17.8, 37.88±16.18 ve 52.13±10.29; Grup 1-4'teki hastaların üçüncü ayın sonundaki THQ skorları sırasıyla 979.38±685.79, 643.5±383.47, 838.75±530.42 ve 1375±652.95; Grup 1-4'teki hastaların üçüncü ayın sonundaki THQ skorları ise sırasıyla 741.88±635.24, 622.75±344, 1208.13±623.21 ve 1958.75±667.46 olarak bulundu. Sadece Grup 1'in başlangıç ve üçüncü ay sonu THQ skorları arasında istatistiksel anlamlı fark saptandı. Sonuç: Maskeleme cihazıyla birlikte gevşeme egzersizlerinin uygulanması tinnitusun neden olduğu rahatsızlığı anlamlı olarak azaltmaktadır.