The selection of the appropriate apple varieties is one of the most important decisions in orchards establishing. The paper gives the methodology for estimating the most suitable varieties of apples when establishing orchards according to modern market demands. This methodology is based on the DEX method for hierarchy-based multi-criteria decision making. The model developed in this paper was applied on four apple varieties, whereby an expert evaluation was used. The experts included in evaluation are from the Fruit Federation of Integral Fruit Production in Laktaši, where panel research was used. Fruit varieties that were observed are: Top Red, Idared, Gala and Golden Delicious because they are the most commonly planted in the orchards at the area of Northwest B&H. The basic advantage of this model is simple application. With visual characteristics of the DEXi program tool and graph radar it is easier to see the good and bad sides of the technological and economic features of the each analyzed apple varieties. The results of the model shows that the Top Red variety is “best” suited for establishing a new orchard, while Idared is rated as "good". The other two varieties used in this model are rated as "medium". For the final selection of apple varieties, it is necessary to carry out an analysis on a single micro-location where all the characteristics of the area should be taken into account.

Th e analysis of foreign trade in global trading of today requires the usage of macro-analytical activities which are based on contemporary and classical evaluation methods, trading measurements and macroeconomic indicators of economic stability and growth.Th is paper starts from the idea and the need to evaluate the infl uence of foreign trade between Bosnia and Herzegovina using the gravity model.Th e aim of this paper has been set based on this idea and is refl ected in the advantages and disadvantages of using the gravity model in evaluating foreign trade between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro.Th e gravity method in foreign trade evaluates the potentials between some countries taking into consideration real trade value.It also takes into account the potential and costs of trading, as well as the distance of the analysed market.Th is paper starts accordingly from the assumption that the usage of the gravity model can evaluate the potential of import and export between two countries and in this way make assumptions about how to increase competitiveness among trading companies.Th e paper presents the potential for import and export from Bosnia and Herzegovina based on the results of the research.Sources of the data used in this paper are primarily the statistical publications of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro, as well as data available on the internet.

Integrated fruit production (IFP) is an economical, high-quality fruit production which prioritizes ecologically acceptable means of production, which minimize side-effects aiming to increase environment conservation and human health. Following the market demands and increasing production standards, integrated production imposes itself, which is to enable lucrativeness, market competition and ecological acceptability of agricultural products. Introducing and implementing multi-criteria model of decision-making is based on DEXi method (multi-attribute analysis). This method makes selection of the most adequate fruit sort for initiating fruit production. This model of decision-making is based on opinions of experts from the field of integrated production. The main criterion in evaluating IFP according to DEXi and expert system are: economic, technological, ecological and socio-political. The result of multi-criteria expert system DEXi have shown that the plum fruit sort yields the best results according to integrated production concept and can be recommended as the first planting alternative. The second alternative recommends apple while the third one recommends pear.

The success or failure of an investment project in fruit production also depends on the selection of the fruit species and variety. When selecting the variety for the creation of a new orchard it is necessary to perform the synthesis of different data and to look at all aspects of the investment. This paper presents the application of DEX multi-criteria decision making. The model was applied on 7 varieties of plum from the western Balkans region that were assessed by experts from “The association of agricultural economists of Western Balkans” using the Delphi method.

Agricultural products are bought for personal consumption or for further production. Fruit and vegetables are an important sector of agricultural production in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as they ensure population food suffi ciency as well as income for rural farms. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the market supply chain of fruit and vegetables is short, which means that the products are sold near the production site or at local markets. Longer market chains are largely not represented because the producers remain passive and have no contractual relationship with wholesalers and retailers. The main objective of the paper is to identify and analyze the production and sales sectors of fruit and vegetables in B&H, as well as to improve the market supply chain through the proposed application of modern management methods. Th e data in this research were collected through a survey of agricultural producers (primary sources of information) as well as by conducting an analysis of secondary data sources (scientifi c and professional literature, data of offi cial statistics). Th e following research methods were used: survey method, descriptive method, methods of analysis and synthesis, method of comparison. As a challenge in managing and establishing a more effi cient market chain, the question arises of how to include small producers into the modern market chain.

Cattle breeding is a very important part of agricultural production in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), and milk production has a vital place in cattle breeding production. From an economic point of view, milk production is interesting as it is a daily production which presupposes faster marketing, which accelerates capital movement in agriculture, which in turn enhances liquidity. This research uses analyses of the existing state in milk production. The collected data are processed and cost calculation has been designed which enables the analysis of economic indicators of 4 dairy farm production models in B&H. Based on the collected data on features and values of dairy farm production models in B&H an analysis of expert evaluation was conducted as input data for DEXi method. The aim of this paper is to ascertain the basic indicators of business success of 4 dairy farm production models in B&H. Production-ecological, economic and socio-political features of the mentioned dairy farm models were analyzed. Based on the used criteria a rate of dairy farm production models using DEXi method was conducted. The results of the research in this paper using DEXi method show that the best model for dairy farm is model number four, which includes 45 milk cows.

More than ever distribution of fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) between two neighbors, and ex partners in CEFTA 2006, Croatia and B&H becomes in focus of producers and retailers. Mainly because customs liberation that existed between two ex CEFTA partners ceased to be valid by entering Croatia in EU, and leaving CEFTA. Bosnia and Herzegovina was most important trading partner for Croatia, with the highest rate of trade liberalization within CEFTA 2006. At the same time Croatia was the most important trade partner for B&H. According to above mentioned the aim of this paper is to find out the possibility of the promotion of foreign trade between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia for consumer products (milk and dairy products). Those FMCG earlier exchanged between two partners became today more costly. For that reason, to make these products more attractive to their consumers retailers and producers from both countries must jointly work to create greater value, i.e. compensate for the price difference trough creation of the value chain between B&H and Croatia retailers and producers.

Rural development policy deals with achieving goals for rural areas and a wide range of socioeconomic activities are included within it. This work intends to connect rural development policies with the occurrence of domestic violence in rural areas. The area of research is the territory of Tuzla Canton, which is, by definition of OECD (less than 150 habitants/km(2)), a predominantly rural area. Domestic violence is a wide spread form of violence and a discrimination against women. Domestic violence includes all forms of violence occurring in the family, expanding the possibilities that perpetrators of violence and victims of violence may even be persons who do not live in the family but are related to family members, e.g. former partners, relatives, etc.Research results show that victims of domestic violence are in 90% of the cases women (wives, mothers, daughters, sisters, etc.) and that domestic violence is constantly increasing each following year. All forms of violence over women come stem from a principal discrimination towards women which results in coerce or use of force. For that reason, violence over women is a manifestation of a fundamentally unequal position of women and men, and it represents a form of discrimination against women. This paper uses data acquired from Federal Office of Statistics of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and statistical data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Tuzla Canton. On the basis of the gathered data, we employed the descriptive method, the method of analysis and synthesis, as well as the comparative method of analysis. The hypothesis of this paper was the assumption that "women in rural areas are more frequently victims of domestic violence than women living in urban areas".

The EU policy of rural development aims to increase competitiveness in agriculture by diversification of the rural economic activities through the protection of environment and rural areas, but also through an improvement of the life quality in rural areas. In EU 10% of farms report that they have additional revenue activity directly associated with the farm. A higher percentage of commercial farms (13.5%) have other revenue activities as well. The research results point to the obvious inequality between particular EU countries concerning the mentioned aspects. This further suggests that, primarily is necessary to consider transitional issues, and that an implementation of the successful projects within area of rural economy diversification will represent the next research challenge. The importance of market chains for realization of added value within the wider rural economy, mobilization of the local endogenous capacities and resources in rural areas, advancement of economic activities and creation of employment opportunities for the rural population, as well as the emphasis on the territorial LEADER approach, are the objectives that support the concept of diversification in the EU rural development policy and its orientation towards the multi-sectoral approach, which particularly emphasize the importance of micro and small rural entrepreneurs in implementation of these goals. The aim of the paper is to identify possibilities of diversification of economic activities in rural areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), given that BiH has good preconditions for development of rural economy through diversification of activities on the farm. Primary sources of data were collected through the survey of farms that have or expect to have diversified activities on the farm, while the secondary data were collected from domestic and foreign scientific and professional literature sources. Concerning the methodology survey methods, desk research method, analysis and synthesis, comparison method and descriptive statistics were used.

In modern conditions, characterized by the growing importance of foreign trade between the countries, relations of a country with international environment play an increasingly impor­tant role in economic development. Over the last decade the process of economic integration through the removal of barriers for the free movement of goods, services, money and people has improved job creation and economic growth. From economic cooperation with foreign countries should expect positive effects on the economy of the state if the external economic factor used in accordance with the plans and programs of economic development of a coun­try. Thereto, there are social forces that can decide relatively independently to all elements of internal development and cooperation with foreign countries. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the CEFTA 2006 on the foreign trade of agricultural products in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this respect it may be noted that foreign trade of agricultural products has an impact on the agricultural sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Paper is based on premise that multi-sectoral approach and multifunctional agriculture in rural areas are necessary in terms of economical and social restructuring of family's agriculture within local and regional market possibilities. The aim of the present research is to identify the basic economic activity through multi-sectoral approach of multifunctional agriculture for successfully adjustment of family's agriculture and rural areas, which would provide their easier integration into overall agricultural and rural development. For the purpose of research implementation, the field research was carried out in selected villages on representative sample which was including 200 examinees who are holders of agricultural households. In this paper, we came to conclusion that it is important to develop new agricultural structure, introduce new market models, apply system of financing and crediting, introduce exchange market, draft new model of agricultural cooperative, build concept of rural development, harmonize agricultural legislation with rules and standards of European Union, in other words, create European agricultural model. Also for effective use of own funds and funds of EU it is necessary to apply multi-sectoral approach of management of human and natural resources for rural development at local level. Concept of multifunctional in agriculture is connected to the market production by diversification of activity of multifunctional agricultural household, and in rural area it is connected to doing multifunctional activities of agricultural producers and other participants in rural economy independently from agricultural production.

Nacionalni interes svih zemalja u tranziciji je pridruživanje Europskoj Uniji. Da bi se ostvario taj cilj neophodna je primjena standarda u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji i ispunjavanje niza zahtjeva za ulazak u Europsku uniju. Od poljoprivrednih proizvođaca i prerađivaca zahtijeva se dodatno i cjeloživotno obrazovanje i pracenje dostignuca u znanosti, tehnici i tehnologiji, te poznavanje zakonodavstva. Namecu se zahtjevi za kontrolom hrane i primjenom standarda poput GLOBALG.A.P. u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji. Bosna i Hercegovina u suranji s AECD i USAID organizacijama postupno uvodi GLOBALG.A.P. sustav u poljoprivrednu proizvodnju kroz projekte vezane za educiranje poljoprivrednih proizvođaca......National interest of all transitional countries is joining the European Union. In order to accomplish that aim it is necessary to adopt standards in agricultural production and fulfill number of requests for joining the EU. Agricultural producers and processors need additional and lifelong education, they need to follow achievements in science, technics, technology as well as to be familiar with the legislative. At the same time, food control and adoption of standards like GLOBALG.A.P. are suggested. Bosnia and Herzegovina, in collaboration with AECD and USAID organizations, is gradually introducing GLOBALG.A.P. system into the agricultural production via projects related to education of agricultural producers.

The European Union in different ways and through the structural funds, helps developing countries in the Western Balkans. Decision of the EU, the total amount that will in the period since 2007. 2013. be available in Turkey, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina is 4 billion.One of the priority measures under the IPA Cros-border coopertion (CBC) is the development of tourism. These measures should help the development of tourism. How and how to access and become a user of these programs help? Cross-border projects, involves regional cooperation, and require financial resources in the preparation of the project. Trained project manager are needed for this job. Local communities, with its capacity should take on the preparation of these projects, as partners include the tourist industry and animate other tourist facilities in their local community.

Free trade zone are spatially specific areas, separate from other government and customs territories in which they are, more or less, suspended national, customs, foreign exchange, foreign trade and tax regulations of the country of domicile, privileges, exemptions and incentives attract foreign and domestic investors to invest their resources in industrial production, processing, refinement and preparation of goods for the market, as well as the tasks of storage, distribution, exportation, importation and transportation of goods in order to increase the international competitiveness of goods. Agricultural products have a special place in free trade zones, because the limited scope of liberalization in agricultural products (Cejvanovic et al. 2009). In December 2006 in Bucharest signed the amending agreement and the accession of Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA). Name of the agreement was changed to title CEFTA-2006. The signatories to the CEFTA-2006 are: the Republic of Serbia, the Republic of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Republic of Montenegro, the Republic of Romania, the Republic of Bulgaria and UNMIK / Kosovo. Romania and Bulgaria have withdrawn from the CEFTA-2006 01 January 2007, it became a full member of EU. It entered into force in the second half of 2007. year. The main aim of this paper is to present and analyze the effects of the CEFTA-2006 in the foreign trade of agricultural products in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with members of the CEFTA-2006. CEFTA-2006 had an impact on the composition and volume of foreign trade of agricultural products of Bosnia and Herzegovina and other states within the CEFTA-2006.

Agriculture was greatly affected by the transitional shocks of economic and social systems in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). B&H is evaluated as the country that, to this point, does not have a very fast reform in this domain. There are several reasons for this. First of all, B&H is still in the process of country reconstruction after the wars and even today a high share of potentials and efforts have been directed toward these purposes. On the other hand, B&H has a very complex organizational structure in the political sense with numerous political entities. Each entity has its own administrative structure and policies concerning economic policy and within its agricultural and rural policies. Recent analyses show that more than one third of the support set aside for agriculture and rural areas in B&H has been linked with the support of production and only a little more than 10% for the purposes of rural development. These trends are not in accordance with the current trends present in EU countries where support for production has been abandoned for the support of the multifunctional rural development purposes, increased income as well as the quality of life within rural segments of the population.

The European Union in different ways and through the structural funds, helps developing countries in the Western Balkans. Decision of the EU, the total amount that will in the period since 2007. 2013. be available in Turkey, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina is 4 billion. One of the priority measures under the IPA Cros-border coopertion (CBC) is the development of tourism. These measures should help the development of tourism. How and how to access and become a user of these programs help? Cross-border projects, involves regional cooperation, and require fnancial resources in the preparation of the project. Trained project manager are needed for this job. Local communities, with its capacity should take on the preparation of these projects, as partners include the tourist industry and animate other tourist facilities in their local community.

In agriculture transition conditions in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, conceptualization of modern agricultural household is developing slowly and it is not on the satisfying level. Main feature of agriculture in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the future will be based on small and mid-sized agricultural households. Elements of production diversity, and certain extensively will be kept for a while and that will keep relatively higher number of people in rural areas. Number of people, lower level of production specialization and preserved elements of traditional solidarity, participation and identification of people from rural area with their community are preconditions for preserving and development of rural community. Also there is possibility to develop new content of rurality, based on natural, technical and other type of new agrarity and rurality, which presumes partial agricultural activities, in other words partial life in the village, but based on new sociocultural standards. In that context, more people could be connected to the village, either by working there without living, or living there permanently and not working in agriculture, which is becoming frequent case in developed world. Those are modern forms of ruralization or neo-ruralization which can be used as possible theoretical redefinition of current rural paradigms, especially in connection to the modernization theories. In the profiling process of rural areas in new conditions, institution of village could be of great use, and have to be developed and adapted, with forming the new ones. This applies to the traditional village institutions (country family, school, religious facilities, agricultural community, etc), but also to the new ones - such as modern agencies for rural development on national, regional and local level which exists in many countries in the world.