BACKGROUND: Nasal polyps are benign masses in the nasal cavity and the abnormal growth of sinonasal tissue due to a chronic inflammatory process. Many fibroblasts populate the nasal polyp stroma release cytokines such as Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) and producing a variety of cytokines resulting in inflammatory cell infiltration. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main active component in Nigella sativa oil and has the ability to reduces cell viability in many cancer cell line. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of TQ and TGF-β1 on cell viability of Nasal Polyp-Derived Fibroblast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts were isolated from nasal polyp specimen and treated with various concentrations of TQ at 1–1000 μM and TGF-β1 at 5 ng/ml to determine the cell viability using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay after 48 h incubation. RESULTS: TQ significantly reduced the viability of nasal polyp fibroblast cells to 72.49% at 20 μM and reduced to 5% at 50 μM until 1000 μM with IC50 at 21.93 μM. TGF-β1 at 5 ng/ml significantly reduced the viability of nasal polyp fibroblast cells to 81.96% and TGF-β1 appears to have a dual effect that depends on the concentration of TQ. CONCLUSION: This study proved that TQ and TGF-β1 were able to reduce the viability of nasal polyp fibroblast cells.

All level of communities should be taught about basic life support especially for workers who related to giving first aid, one of them is the airport. Ideally, everyone knows the basic first aid techniques and takes regular training to ensure that the knowledge stays on. Basic life support is an effort made to maintain the life of someone who is in danger which can get worse or death if it’s not treated quickly. Basic life support in the first hour can reduce up to 85% of mortality.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) causes high annual medical cost and decreases quality of life.Researches continue with easier, cheaper and saver approach. This study evaluate nasal secretion disptick assay (NSDA) correlation with Lund-Mackay Score (LMS) in CRS. Its an analytic cross-sectional study. Middle meatus nasal secretion obtained with absorption method, applied to dipstick to read qualitatively. Statistical correlation and sensitivity analysis performed. Most patients are men (59%), 15-24 age group (33.3%), CRS without nasal polyps (71.1%), maxillary involvement (92.3%). LMS correlation with acidity, leukocyte esterase, nitrit, protein and total score, were statistically significant (p<0.05, r=0.652; 0.556; 0.605; 0.503; 0.779 respectively). Sensitivity of NDSA to LMS is 92.6%, specificity 58.3%, positive preditive value 83.3% and negative predictive value 77.8%. Total NSDA has positive strong correlation with LMS. With sensitivity above NSDA can predict LMS value ≥4 in cheaper, easier and saver method.

Background: The Skin Prick Test (SPT) is the gold standard for diagnosing allergic rhinitis (AR), however, its availability is still limited hence the need of the alternative options which are simple, fast, cost-effective, easy-handled by general practitioners, and have a low rejection rate for AR are required.Score For Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) is a questionnaire that has been used in several studies for the identification of AR.Aim:To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the SFAR questionnaire for diagnosing AR.Method:This was across-sectional study conducted in the ENT-HN outclinic of H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan with a sample size of 42 patients.The study performed the anamnesis, physical examination, the SFAR questionnaire test, and SPT.The diagnosis of ARwas made if the SFAR score was ≥ 7 and a score of <7 was defined as not AR.Results:Among the 42 patients, the SFAR ≥ 7 and positive skin prick test was found in 38 patients (90.5%).The sensitivity of the SFAR questionnaire was 97% and the specificity was 33% with a positive predictive value of 95% and a negative predictive value of 50%.

Latar belakang: Pedagang kaki lima rentan terkena polusi udara. Hidung merupakan salahsatu organ pelindung tubuh terpenting dan menjadi target utama dari polusi udara. Polusi udara dapatmenurunkan kadar pH hidung dan menyebabkan sistem transpor mukosiliar hidung tidak bisa bekerjaoptimal. Terapi cuci hidung telah digunakan sejak berabad-abad lalu, untuk mengobati penyakit sinuskarena mencegah pembentukan krusta pada rongga hidung. Terapi cuci hidung juga dapat membersihkanpartikel-partikel debu dan polusi yang terperangkap di mukus hidung. Tujuan: Melihat pengaruh cucihidung dengan NaCl 0,9% terhadap peningkatan rata-rata kadar pH cairan hidung pada pedagang kakilima yang rentan terkena debu dan polusi udara.Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat pra-eksperimental denganone group pretest-posttest design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pedagang kaki lima yang berjualan dikawasan kampus Universitas Sumatera Utara dan sampel adalah populasi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusidan eksklusi. Data hasil penelitian diolah dengan uji normalitas Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan dilanjutkandengan uji Wilcoxon.Hasil: Berdasarkan uji normalitas data Kolmogorov-Smirnov didapati nilai P pretest0,000 dan P posttest 0,001. Kedua data tersebut tidak terdistribusi normal, kemudian dilanjutkan denganUji Wilcoxon. Didapatlah hasil Wilcoxon dalam peningkatan kadar pH cairan hidung adalah peningkatanyang bermakna (p=0,000; p<0,05) dan memiliki peningkatan rata-rata pH cairan hidung yaitu sebesar0,0824.Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan rata-rata kadar pH cairan hidung setelah dilakukan cucihidung dengan NaCl 0,9% sebanyak dua kali sehari, selama sepuluh hari pada pedagang kaki lima. Parapedagang kaki lima di lingkungan Universitas Sumatera Utara, dianjurkan untuk melakukan cuci hidungsetiap hari untuk menjaga higiene saluran napas.Kata kunci: pH cairan hidung, cuci hidung, polusi udara, pedagang kaki lima ABSTRACTBackground: Street vendors in Medan and other cities in Indonesia are prone to outdoor airpollution that may compromising the nose as well as the entire respiratory system. Outdoor air pollutantmay reduce nasal pH level causing an in-efficient mucociliary transport system. Nasal washing as oneof modality in personal hygiene aims to clean hazardous particles and pollutants trapped in the nasalmucous blanket. Purpose: This study aimed to find-out that average of pH levels of nasal fluid affectedby nasal washing using NaCl 0,9%. Method: The study design was a pre-experimental with one grouppretest-posttest design. Population of the study were all vendors in surrounding Universitas SumateraUtara, and the subjects were having 8 hours a day exposure to outdoor air pollutant without any evidenceof ongoing infectious inflammation. Research data processed by the normality test, Kolmogorov-Smirnovtest, and followed by Wilcoxon test. Result: Based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, result obtained P pretest0.000 and P posttest 0.001. Both were not distributed normally, and then followed by Wilcoxon Testwhich found a significant increase of pH level of nasal fluid (P<0.05) with average pH level of 0.0824.Conclusion: An increase in nasal fluid average pH levels was significantly observed after washing thenose using NaCl 0,9% solution twice a day for ten days. Street vendors in Universitas Sumatera Utarasurroundings are suggested to do daily nasal washing as their new life style to maintain personal hygiene.Keywords: Nasal fluid pH, nasal wash, air pollution, vendor

Background: Olfactory dysfunction is one of the chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms. A large number of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps whose treated by Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) need to be investigated using Sniffin sticks test before and after surgery. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of olfactory function improvement after FESS in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps. Methods: This study is an experimental study using one group pre-post test design. The measurement of the threshold, discrimination, identification, and TDI scores were assessed by Sniffin' stick test in 3 periods (before FESS, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after FESS intervention). Results: The mean value of the TDI score before FESS performed was 19.43 +/- 7.32 (hyposmia), 2 weeks after the operation was 26.9 +/- 5.78 (hyposmia), and 4 weeks after the operation was 33.25 +/- 3.86 (normosmia). There is a significant mean difference in thresholds, discrimination, identification, and olfactory function (TDI) scores in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps before FESS, 2 weeks after the procedure, and 4 weeks after FESS. Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in olfactory function after FESS performed in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps.

External radiotherapy is the main treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. External radiotherapy can cause endothelial dysfunction of common carotid artery and reduces nitrogen oxide and prostacyclin by endothelial cell and cause thickening of the vessels walls. Purpose of this study was to find out changes in intima-media thickness and lumen diameter of common carotid artery due to radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This research was descriptive with pre and post design and performed from March 2009 to February 2010 in the Ear Nose Throat-Head Neck Surgery Department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. Gray scale ultrasound examination was performed before, after and ten weeks after radiotherapy and calculated by using Fischer’s test and paired T test. They were 25 subjects and was found out 0.1 mm additional thickness in right intima media and 0.09 mm in left intima media common carotid artery (p<0.001), also found reduction in lumen diameter of common carotid artery in which 0.384 mm in the right and 0.342 mm in the left (p<0.001). In conclusions, external radiotherapy can cause increase intima media thickness and reduction lumen diameter in common carotid artery in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

External radiotherapy is the main treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. External radiotherapy can cause endothelial dysfunction of common carotid artery and reduces nitrogen oxide and prostacyclin by endothelial cell and cause thickening of the vessels walls. Purpose of this study was to find out changes in intima-media thickness and lumen diameter of common carotid artery due to radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This research was descriptive with pre and post design and performed from March 2009 to February 2010 in the Ear Nose Throat-Head Neck Surgery Department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. Gray scale ultrasound examination was performed before, after and ten weeks after radiotherapy and calculated by using Fischer's test and paired T test. They were 25 subjects and was found out 0.1 mm additional thickness in right intima media and 0.09 mm in left intima media common carotid artery (p<0.001), also found reduction in lumen diameter of common carotid artery in which 0.384 mm in the right and 0.342 mm in the left (p<0.001). In conclusions, external radiotherapy can cause increase intima media thickness and reduction lumen diameter in common carotid artery in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

External radiotherapy is the main treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. External radiotherapy can cause endothelial dysfunction of common carotid artery and reduces nitrogen oxide and prostacyclin by endothelial cell and cause thickening of the vessels walls. Purpose of this study was to find out changes in intima-media thickness and lumen diameter of common carotid artery due to radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This research was descriptive with pre and post design and performed from March 2009 to February 2010 in the Ear Nose Throat-Head Neck Surgery Department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. Gray scale ultrasound examination was performed before, after and ten weeks after radiotherapy and calculated by using Fischer’s test and paired T test. They were 25 subjects and was found out 0.1 mm additional thickness in right intima media and 0.09 mm in left intima media common carotid artery (p