This genetic map represents the basis for mapping QTLs regarding rubber content and other traits. Consequently, field trials with the cloned mapping population have been initiated over three years at three different locations for the exact quantification of rubber contents. Furthermore, transcriptomic sequence data (RNAseq, MACE) will be used for annotation of rubber related genes and inclusion in the genetic map. Combined, this information shall be used for the development of selection markers in marker assisted breeding approaches.

A set of 15 Italian (Lolium multiflorum), three hybrid (L. boucheanum) and 33 perennial ryegrass (L. perenne) cultivars were evaluated for their rust susceptibility in the field. The cultivars were grown in 2001, 2004 and 2007 at 29, 32 and 27 European sites, respectively. Rust incidence was scored during different growth cycles using a scale from one (no rust) to nine (susceptible). Crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii) was the most frequently observed rust species on Italian, hybrid and perennial ryegrass during all three experimental years. There was a highly significant difference in mean crown rust scores among Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars, respectively, in each of the 3 years. The ranking of the cultivars was very consistent across the different sites within each year (with some exceptions), despite a significant interaction of cultivar response with sites. Moreover, the rank order correlations of mean cultivar rust scores were highly significant (r > 0.9) between the years. Stem rust (P. graminis f. sp. graminicola) occurred almost exclusively on perennial ryegrass. The cultivars showed significant variation in stem rust susceptibility. Rank order correlations of mean cultivar stem rust scores were mostly significant between sites within each year and highly significant between the years. The ranking of perennial ryegrass cultivars was different depending on whether crown or stem rust was scored. However, the rank order correlation between the mean disease scores of the cultivars for the two pathogens was low but still significant. At a particular site the assessment of crown or stem rust was in most cases very consistent over the period of experimentation. Therefore there was no evidence that rust resistance of an individual cultivar was overcome by the rust pathogen at a particular site over the 7 years of experimentation.

PURPOSE:Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive procedure for local tumor ablation. This report discusses the long-term results of this therapy in non-surgical patients with colorectal liver metastases.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In total, we treated 163 colorectal liver metastases in 85 patients by MR-guided LITT.RESULTS:The overall lethality was 1.1%. The mean survival period of all treated patients was 3.3+/-0.3 years (CI: 2.8; 3.8; Kaplan-Meier method) with a calculation start date of the diagnosis of the metastases. The mean survival period after LITT was 2.6+/-0.2 years (CI 2.2; 3.0). There was a substantial learning curve with respect to the indication for LITT and the technical procedure of the intervention itself. In the first period (50 patients; 1998-2001), the mean survival period was 2.2+/-0.2 years (CI: 1.8; 2.7). Thereafter (35 patients 2001-2006), the mean survival period increased to 2.9+/-0.3 years (CI: 2.4; 3.4; log rank Test; p=0.0097). In the latter group, the 1-year survival rate was 93% and the 3-year survival rate was 56%.CONCLUSION:MR-guided LITT is a treatment suitable for non-surgical patients suffering from colorectal liver metastases. The complication rate of the procedure is comparatively low. The survival periods after the procedure are longer than those reported for similar patient populations after chemotherapy alone.

The treatment of 40,000 seeds of narrow-leafed sweet lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius ), cv. 'Boruta' with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) resulted in about 20,000 M 2 lines. A first series of 2,000 M 2 lines were grown in 2007 to be examined for aberrant plants. Several kinds of characters were considered, e.g. leaf shape, leaf colour, plant vigour, branching type, flower colour. Seeds were obtained from 1,438 aberrant plants displaying alterations in one to four visually assessed traits. Some combinations of altered traits coincided with altered seed numbers per plant. In 2008 666 M 3 lines were grown in the field to check heritability of the alterations observed in generation M2. Of the M 3 lines, 520 were homogeneous for the mutated traits or trait combinations. Some of the lines are described and discussed regarding their potential for improving the agronomic value of narrow-leafed lupin as a crop.

The treatment of 40,000 seeds of narrow-leafed sweet lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius ), cv. ‘Boruta’ with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) resulted in about 20,000 M 2 lines. A first series of 2,000 M 2 lines were grown in 2007 to be examined for aberrant plants. Several kinds of characters were considered, e.g. leaf shape, leaf colour, plant vigour, branching type, flower colour. Seeds were obtained from 1,438 aberrant plants displaying alterations in one to four visually assessed traits. Some combinations of altered traits coincided with altered seed numbers per plant. In 2008 666 M 3 lines were grown in the field to check heritability of the alterations observed in generation M2. Of the M 3 lines, 520 were homogeneous for the mutated traits or trait combinations. Some of the lines are described and discussed regarding their potential for improving the agronomic value of narrow-leafed lupin as a crop.

Among the three cultivated lupin spe�ies, narrow­ leafed lupins are able to fill an agronomic gap especially on medium to light soils in Germany, where white and yellow lupins do not produce stable yields. In addition, agronomic clrnrncters such as shattering resistance and pH tolerance need to be improved in narrow-leafed lu­ pin to ensure its sustainable establishment in Germany. Using AFLP markers, different cultivars of narrow­ leafed lupin, varying for anthracnose l'esistance and other agronomic traits, were screened for marl<er poly­ morphism. Plants with maximum mal'ker polymor­ phism were used as parents for establishing F 1 mapping populations segregating for anthracnose resistance. These mapping populations will be genotyped via F 3 progeny tests. At present two different inoculation methods, which involve use of contaminated soil and conidial suspensions, were tested for resistance screen­ ing. Development of SSR markers for anthrncnose resistance takes advantage of genomic resources fom tlf edicugo truucutula Oittp://m tgenome. ucdavis.ed u/in­ dcx. html). Out of 90 1}/. tn111cat11/a primers, 36 (40%) were found to be polymorphic and only 8 (9%) primers achieved weak or no amplification products. Together with a reliable field-test method these markers are ex­ pected to prove helpful in a marl<er-assisted program of resistance breeding in naITow-leafcd lupin.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a high dose radiotherapy, the radiation dose is applicated one-time or in a few fractions exactly to the tumor or metastases under maximal separation from the normal tissue. Because of this a major expenditure of medical and technical efforts are necessary, a detailed description of the proceedings is following in the methodic part of this article. Indications of SBRT are especially medical irresectable lung tumors of early stages, primary liver/biliary tumors and pulmonary or liver metastases if there is an oncological benefit for the patients. The side effects are moderate, the local tumor control rate is between 78 to 100 %. Depending on the primary tumor the overall survival is prolonged statistically significant. In the Klinikum Krefeld indications of SBRT vs chemotherapy, LITT or resection are discussed by an interdisciplinary conference of gastroenterologists/oncologists, radiologists, radiooncologists and surgeons. An example of LITT will be shown also.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a high dose radiotherapy, the radiation dose is applicated one-time or in a few fractions exactly to the tumor or metastases under maximal separation from the normal tissue. Because of this a major expenditure of medical and technical efforts are necessary, a detailed description of the proceedings is following in the methodic part of this article. Indications of SBRT are especially medical irresectable lung tumors of early stages, primary liver/biliary tumors and pulmonary or liver metastases if there is an oncological benefit for the patients. The side effects are moderate, the local tumor control rate is between 78 to 100 %. Depending on the primary tumor the overall survival is prolonged statistically significant. In the Klinikum Krefeld indications of SBRT vs chemotherapy, LITT or resection are discussed by an interdisciplinary conference of gastroenterologists/oncologists, radiologists, radiooncologists and surgeons. An example of LITT will be shown also.

Der akute Verschluss der Arteria mesenterica superior (AMS) ist ein absoluter Notfall mit einer Letalität von 36 bis 100 % (Schoots IG et al. Br J Surg 2004; 91: 17). Ein solcher Verschluss bedarf daher der sofortigen Behandlung. Ursache ist meist eine kardiale Embolie. Ein erhöhtes embolisches Okklusionsrisiko besteht insbesondere bei älteren Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Vorerkrankungen. Bei Verdacht auf eine Darmischämie sollte unverzüglich entweder eine CT-Angiographie oder aber eine konventionelle selektive Angiographie der AMS durchgeführt werden (Kozuch PL et al. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 21: 201). Hierbei sollte jedoch der CT-Angiographie zur besseren Einschätzung des Befundes sowie der Therapieplanung der Vorzug gegeben werden. Bestätigt sich die Diagnose eines akuten Verschlusses der AMS, muss innerhalb von zwei bis drei Stunden die Revaskularisation erfolgen, um die drohende Darmnekrose abzuwenden. Therapie der Wahl sind die offene chirurgische Desobliteration (Fogarty-Embolektomie) sowie die Anlage eines aortomesenterialen Bypass (Luther BLP. Intestinale Durchblutungsstörungen 2001. Darmstadt: Steinkopf). Darüber hinaus ist in der Regel ein Zweiteingriff erforderlich, um gegebenenfalls infarzierte Darmareale zu resezieren. Patienten, bei denen ein operatives Vorgehen nicht infrage kommt, sollten eine lokale Lysetherapie erhalten. In Einzelfällen wurde dieses Vorgehen auch mit einer Aspiration des Thrombus (Ogihara S et al. J Gastroenterol 2003; 38: 272) oder einer perkutanen transarteriellen Angioplastie (Wakabayashi H et al. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2004; 27: 389) kombiniert. Wir berichten im Folgenden über einen Patienten, bei dem eine solche hoch dosierte lokale Lysetherapie mit Thrombusaspiration frustran blieb und bei dem als Ultima Ratio eine perkutane endovaskuläre Thrombektomie durchgeführt wurde.

We treated two patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme using Nd:YAG laser irradiation in the framework of a salvage therapy. The underlying concept is to achieve cytoreduction by partial coagulation of the tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up examinations revealed a volume reduction of the laser-irradiated areas, while the untreated parts of the tumor exhibited a progression. The survival time after the diagnosis of the recurrence was 16 and 20 months, respectively, which is substantially (about four times) longer than the natural history of the disease would suggest. In conclusion, cytoreduction by laser irradiation may be a promising option for patients suffering from recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Future work should optimize the therapeutic regimen and evaluate this treatment approach in controlled clinical trials.