Abstract Background: This study examines expert preferences and perceptions regarding whether article titles in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation are generated by humans or artificial intelligence (AI). It aims to evaluate the selected titles in terms of scientific accuracy, comprehensibility, originality, and attractiveness. Methods: Thirty-two article titles published in a Q1 journal indexed in the Web of Science database were selected. For each, an alternative AI-generated title was created using the ChatGPT-4o model. A survey was administered to 15 academic participants with an H-index ≥3. For each title pair, participants indicated their preference and the reason for their choice. The data were analyzed using SPSS v22 software. Results: A total of 480 title choices were recorded, with 58.1% favoring AI-generated titles. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.008). Overall, 93.3% of participants preferred AI titles more frequently. The most cited reason for preference was “comprehensibility” (47.3%). No statistically significant difference was found based on demographic variables. Conclusions: AI-generated titles were found to be strong in terms of clarity and attractiveness. However, “scientific accuracy” was cited more frequently in favor of original titles. This indicates that while AI is effective in generating appealing titles, human contribution remains necessary for ensuring scientific rigor. Hybrid models combining AI and human input may offer a balanced approach to scientific title generation.

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and aerobic exercise is recommended as complementary therapy for its management. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a supervised aerobic exercise program on weight loss, functional capacity, quality of life (QoL), and depression in patients with essential hypertension. Methods: A nonrandomized controlled trial with patient preference allocation was conducted. The participants were assigned to either a supervised aerobic exercise group (n = 91) or a control group (n = 47). The exercise group underwent a six-week supervised aerobic training program (five sessions per week), while the control group maintained their usual lifestyle. Outcome measures, including resting blood pressure, weight, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, functional capacity (6-minute walk test, 6 MWT), QoL (SF-36), and depression level (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI), were assessed at baseline and after six weeks. Results: The supervised aerobic exercise group showed significant improvements in the 6 MWT distance, SF-36 subscales (physical function, role physical, vitality, role emotional, and mental health), and reductions in resting systolic blood pressure, weight, BMI, and BDI scores compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Within-group comparisons further confirmed significant improvements in physical and mental health measures post-intervention (P < 0.01). Conclusions: A 6-week supervised aerobic exercise program significantly enhanced functional capacity, QoL, and mental health in patients with hypertension. These findings support supervised aerobic exercise as an effective complementary therapy for hypertension, promoting both physical and mental well-being with no reported adverse effects.

OBJECTIVES:To investigate changes in the H-reflex in patients with monoradiculopathies involving L5 or S1 levels by stimulating the sciatic nerve and recording simultaneously from the tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), and soleus (S) muscles. METHODS:Patients with unilateral radicular back pain with L5 or S1 root compression on MRI, participated in this cross-sectional study. The H-reflex over the TA, PL, and S muscles was simultaneously recorded by sciatic nerve stimulation. The H-reflex latency was compared with that of the contralateral extremity. RESULTS:Fifty-eight patients (29 patients L5; 29 patients S1 radiculopathy) were included in the study. There were significant delays in the latency of the H-reflex over TA (30.95±2.31-29.21±1.4) and PL (31.05±2.85-29.02±1.99) muscles on the affected side in patients with L5 radiculopathy. However, the latency of the S H-reflex was similar on both sides. In contrast, in patients with S1 radiculopathy, there was a significant delay in the latency of soleus H reflex (32.76±3.45-29.9±3.19), while the significant delay was not detected in the TA and PL muscles. However, the cutoff values for the H-reflex latency of all muscles were not found to have clinical significance. CONCLUSIONS:The study presents that the H-reflex study, recorded from the TA, PL, and S muscles by sciatic nerve stimulation, is of interest but has minimal contribution to radiculopathy diagnosis in conventional electrodiagnostic tests.

Background It is well known that the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most widespread peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome throughout the world. CTS can also be seen more often in rheumatic disease, especially in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Usage of ultrasonography to diagnose CTS has been the subject of investigations for many years. Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) is a newly developed ultrasonographic technique to visualise vascularity. More recently, there have been some studies on the diagnosis of CTS with SMI. However, a review of the literature reveals that there there has been no study on the diagnosis of CTS in PsA. This is the subject of the present report, where we evaluate the diagnostic value of SMI in CTS in patients with PsA.Materials and methods 30 PsA patients (56 wrists) and 26 healthy volunteers (52 wrists) were examined in the study. Demographic and clinical features were recorded carefully. All participants underwent a standard electrodiagnostic study (EDS) and ultrasonographic examination within a maximum of one week. CTS was diagnosed using EDS. The vascularity of the median nerve was examined using a new ultrasonographic technique. SMI signals were graded from 0 to 3.Results There were no significant differences between groups, with respect to their age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, and hand dominance. Although CTS was diagnosed in 9 patients (14 wrists) in the PsA group, CTS was not diagnosed for any patient in the control group (p=0.002). The blood flow display ratio of SMI in the median nerve was markedly higher in CTS patients than with controls (median (25th, 75th percentile): 2(0.75, 2), 1(0, 2); p=0.014; respectively) or compared with CTS-free PsA patients (2(0.75, 2), 1(0, 2); p=0.030; respectively). There was no remarkable difference between PsA patients and healthy controls with respect to the median nerve's blood flow display ratio (median (25th, 75th percentile): 1(0, 2), 1(0, 2); p=0.164; respectively).Conclusion To the best our knowledge, this is the first study assessing SMI in the diagnosis of CTS in PsA patients. We concluded that SMI has important diagnostic value in PsA patients for diagnosing CTS.

Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a type of peripheral entrapment neuropathy and common for the patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a new ultrasonography technique that can be used for diagnosing CTS, but not studied in PsA patients.Aims The aim of this study to measure the stiffness of median nerve and hand muscles by quantitative SWE to identify whether SWE can be used for diagnosing CTS in patients with PsA or not.Methods To diagnose CTS, all patients had electrodiagnostic study. The stiffness values of the median nerve, abductor pollicis brevis, and abductor digiti minimi were determined using SWE. Muscle stiffness ratio was also calculated.Results Consideration is given to 48 patients with PsA (93 wrists) and 29 healthy volunteers (57 wrists). Median nerve stiffness was found to be significantly higher, and abductor pollicis brevis' stiffness and muscle stiffness ratio were significantly lower in PsA patients' wrists compared to control group (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively) and in CTS wrists compared to others (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified 28.2 kPA as the median nerve stiffness cut-off point for differentiating CTS in PsA patients (p = 0.001).Conclusions We found that SWE has a good diagnostic value for CTS with PsA patients; hence, we can conclude that SWE could diagnose CTS in PsA patients.

Objective The aim of the present study is to assess carpal tunnel syndrome's (CTS’s) ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and compare them with healthy controls. Methods Thirty-nine PsA and twenty-eight healthy volunteers were examined in this study. Demographic and clinical features were recorded. CTS-6, a diagnostic algorithm, was used to estimate the probability of CTS. Electrodiagnostic study (EDS) was applied to all wrists included in the report, where the diagnosis of CTS was made by EDS. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve was measured at pisiform bone level by US and MRI. Results Regarding to the demographic characteristics, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups. Twelve of 39 (30.76%) PsA patients had CTS, whereas CTS was not detected in the control group (p=0.001). US and MRI showed increased median nerve CSA in PsA patients compared to healthy controls (p=0.005, p<0.001; respectively). Also, US and MRI showed increased median nerve CSA in CTS patients compared to others (p=0.002, p<0.001; respectively). The Pearson correlation coefficient between MRI and US measurements of the CSA was 0.85 (p<0.001). Conclusion CTS frequency in PsA patients is found higher than healthy controls. The relationship between CTS diagnosed by EDS and CSA measured by both US and MRI was observed in PsA patients.

Background: The study aims to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of five clinical shoulder tests in the diagnosis of supraspinatus tears and tendinosis when compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: A total of 116 shoulders of 106 consecutive patients who experienced shoulder pain were assessed for this cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study. Patients were assessed with the most commonly used clinical shoulder tests, including the Jobe test (empty can), Neer test, drop arm test, Hawkins test, and full can test to identify supraspinatus tears and tendinosis. MRI examinations were performed on a 1.5 Tesla MRI system, and images were assessed by a blinded radiologist. The primary outcomes were to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the five clinical tests and to establish their correlation with MRI for supraspinatus tears and tendinosis. Results: The Hawkins test had a higher sensitivity and accuracy when diagnosing tears (sensitivity 89.66% [95% CI, 78.83-96.11] and accuracy 56.03% [95% CI, 46.51-65.23], respectively) and higher sensitivity in tendinosis (79.07% [95% CI, 63.96-89.96]). The drop arm test had a lower sensitivity but higher specificity in both tendinosis and tears (sensitivity 0% [95% CI, 0-8.22] and 12.07% [95% CI, 4.99-23.29], respectively, and specificity 87.67% [95% CI, 77.88-94.21] and 96.5% [95% CI, 88.09-99.58], respectively). The Neer test had a higher positive predictive value (PPV) of 37.21% in diagnosing tendinosis. When compared to the Hawkins test, the combination of the clinical tests had no statistically significant contribution to sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: The Hawkins test had higher accuracy in diagnosing tears and was the most sensitive in diagnosing supraspinatus tendinosis and tears when compared to the MRI findings. The Neer test may also be another reliable tool for the diagnosis of tendinosis due to its higher PPV.

The C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio is a biomarker that has gained importance in recent years in demonstrating systemic inflammation.The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of CRP/albumin ratio with disease activity and quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Fifty RA patients were included in this cross-sectional study.The CRP/albumin ratio was calculated from the blood of the individuals included in the study.The disease activity score-28 (DAS-28) measurement scale was used to determine disease activity.The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was used to assess functional status, and the Short-form health survey 36 (SF-36) was used to assess the quality of life.When the patients were evaluated according to the disease activity level, the CRP/albumin ratio was statistically significantly higher in patients with moderate-high disease activity compared to those in remission in post-hoc analyses (p=0.006).In correlation analyzes, moderate and positive correlation (p=0.002,rs= 0.426; p<0.001, rs= 0.536, respectively) was observed between CRP/albumin ratio and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and DAS 28-ESR scores.When the patients were evaluated according to the drug treatments they received, no significant difference was observed between conventional DMARD and biological DMARD users in terms of CRP/albumin ratio, SF-36, and HAQ scores (p>0.05).Our results suggest that CAR may be used in clinics to determine inflammation and disease activity as an inexpensive and easily applicable biomarker.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a supervised aerobic exercise training program on weight loss, functional capacity, quality of life(QoL) and depression level in patients with essential hypertension. Methods: This is a prospective study. Patients who chose the treatment type according to personal preferences were divided into two groups: Group 1(n:91) exercised for six weeks, five sessions per week under the supervision of a medical doctor in the aerobic exercise laboratory and group 2(n:47) declared to perform a walking in the free time, at least twice a week, but without supervision. Body weight, serum lipid levels, functional capacity, QoL, and depression level of all the participants were evaluated at the pre-treatment period and the post-treatment 6th week. Results: When the two groups were compared, a significant increase in the six-minute walk test(6MWT) distance and SF-36 subscales of physical function, role physical, physical component summary, vitality, role emotional and mental component summary in Group 1 at the post-treatment 6th week was found in Group 1. There was a significant reduction in the resting systolic blood pressure(SBP), weight, body mass index and Beck Depression Inventory scores between pre-treatment and post-treatment 6th week in Group 1. There was a significant increase in the METs, 6MWT, SF-36 subscales of physical function, role physical, physical component summary, vitality, role emotional and mental component summary scores between pre-treatment and post-treatment 6th week in Group 1. Conclusion: Supervised aerobic exercise training of 6 weeks duration is more effective than unsupervised aerobic exercise training for the functional capacity and QoL in patients with hypertension. Supervised aerobic exercise as antihypertensive lifestyle therapy should be recommended for patient compliance, absence of adverse incidents, and its positive impact on resting SBP, weight, functional capacity, QoL, and depression level in patients with hypertension.

OBJECTIVE:We aimed to evaluate the functional recovery of stroke patients with orophyaryngeal dysphagia after treatment with traditional swallowing therapy (TST), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), and kinesiology taping (KT), by using clinical swallowing assessments and objective fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). METHODS:A total of 37 patients were randomized in three groups: those who received TST and NMES as Group 1 (n:12), those who received both TST and KT as Group 2 (n:13), and those who received TST, NMES, and KT together as Group 3 (n:12). Patients were evaluated before treatment, after treatment, and three months after treatment onset with bedside water-swallow test, Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), penetration-aspiration scale (PAS), and National Institute of Health-Swallow Safety Scale (NIH-SSS). FOIS, PAS, and NIS-SSS were completed according to results of fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). RESULTS:A statistically significant decrease was observed in bedside water-swallow test, EAT-10, PAS, and NIH-SSS scores in all treatment groups 5 weeks and 3 months after treatment onset compared to pre-treatment scores (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in FOIS scores 5 weeks and 3 months after treatment compared to pretreatment scores in all treatment groups (p < 0.05). When the pre-treatment, 3-week, and 5-month swallow scale scores of all groups were compared, there was no significant different difference in terms of bedside water-swallow test, EAT-10, FOIS, PAS, or NIH-SSS scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION:According to the results of our study, KT is a new option in the treatment of stroke-related dysphagia, is an effective treatment approach and its efficacy is maintained throughout long-term follow-up.

To investigate the frequency of fatigue and musculoskeletal symptoms and their correlation with laboratory data in patients with COVID‐19.

ABS TRACT Objective:To evaluate the effect of kinesiophobia on quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Material and Methods: This study included 38 patients with AS and 38 controls.Patients were assessed according to the grades of radiographic sacroiliitis and kinesiophobia scores (high (≥37) and low (<37)).Short form-36 (SF-36) was used to evaluate the quality of life and the Tampa kinesiophobia scale (TKS) was used to evaluate the presence of kinesiophobia.The correlations were analyzed.The 'Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index' (BASDAI) was used to assess the disease activity and, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain objectively.Results: In patient group, kinesiophobia score was significantly higher (40.92±6.65)than in healthy controls (36.66±8.05)(p<0,05).All SF-36 sub-parameters, especially general health and physical function, were significantly lower in patients compared to healthy controls (p<0,05).Patients with high kinesiophobia score had a higher pain score and lower general health score compared to the patients with low kinesiophobia score (for pain score 4.83±3.09,2.89±1.27,respectively, and for general health score (35.26±20.90,57.22±20.02,respectively) (p<0.05).Emotional role limitation score was lower in patients with radiographic sacroiliitis (33.30(0-67.10))compared to the patients with non-radiographic sacroiliitis (83.50 (66.70-100)).Other SF-36 sub-parameters, BASDAI and VAS scores did not exhibit a significant difference between the groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: Kinesiophobia is more common in patients with ankylosing spondylitis compared to healthy controls, and quality of life is impaired.The presence of kinesiophobia is associated with quality of life variables, such as increased pain and impaired general health.Therefore, each patient should be evaluated for kinesiophobia and quaility of life at the beginning of treatment.

Background: Supraspinatus tears and tendinosis are the most common pathology that cause shoulder pain to approximately half of the patients presenting clinically. 1 Objectives: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of five clinical tests in the diagnosis of supraspinatus tears and tendinosis compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: A total of 116 painful shoulders of 106 consecutive patients were examined. Patients were assessed using the most commonly used special clinical tests including the Jobe test (empty can), Neer test, drop arm test, Hawkins test and full can tests to identify supraspinatus tears and tendinosis. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for pain detection, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) questionnaire was administered. MRI examinations were performed on 1.5 Tesla MR system and images were assessed by a blinded radiologist. The primary outcomes were to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the five clinical tests, and to establish their correlation with MRI for supraspinatus tears and tendinosis. Results: The mean age was 55.10 ± 10.20 years, and 32.08% of the patients were female. The Hawkins test had a higher sensitivity and accuracy in tears (sensitivity 89.66%, accuracy 56.03%, respectively) and higher sensitivity in tendinosis (79.07%). The drop arm test had a lower sensitivity but higher specificity in both tendinosis and tears (sensitivity 0%, 12.07%, respectively, and specificity 87.67%, 96.5%, respectively Conclusion: The Hawkins test was the most sensitive in both supraspinatus tendinosis and tears compared with MRI findings. References: [1]Yamaguchi K, Ditsios K, Middleton WD, Hildebolt CF, Galatz LM, Teefey SA,The demographic and morphological features of rotator cuff disease. A comparison of asymptomatic and symptomatic shoulders. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2006. 88(8): p. 1699-704. Disclosure of Interests: : None declared

OBJECTİVES: The effectiveness of low-intensity pulmonary rehabilitation program applied patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in terms of exercise capacity, dyspnea scale, life quality and respiratory muscle strength. METHODS: The study included 30 patients with COPD. The program was 3 days in a week, for a 6 weeks period between December 1st 2012 and August 31st 2013. Arterial blood gas (ABG), 6 minute walking test (SMWT), respiratory function tests and respiratory muscle strength were evaluated before and after treatment. St George's breathing questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to assess quality of life. The dyspnea scores were assessed by the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Patient approvals were obtained for the study. For analysis of results kolmogorov smirnov test, shapiro – wilk test, wilcoxon test and sample ttest were used. RESULTS: Of 30 patients participated in our study, 26 completed the treatment program. There were increases in SMWT distance (P = 0.049), forced expiratory volume in one second, and forced expiratory flow (FEF 25-75) value (P < 0.05); and decreases in mMRC dyspnea scale score (P = 0.001), CAT score (p=0.003) and SGRQ score (P <= 0.001). Maximum inspiratory pressure and maximum expiratory pressure values and ABG parameters did not show significant change. CONCLUSION: Low intensity pulmonary rehabilitation therapy has positive effects on exercise capacity, dyspnea scale, walking distance, and quality of life. Patient compliance was high in this treatment modality so according to our study results, low intensity pulmonary rehabilitation treatment can be prefer to high intensity pulmonary rehabilitation treatment in COPD.

The aim of this study were to evaluate pain, care burden, depression level, sleep quality, fatigue and quality of life (QoL) among a group of mothers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to compare their results with a group of healthy controls. The study involved 101 mothers who had children with CP and 67 mothers who had a healthy child as the control group. Pain, care burden, depression level, sleep quality, fatigue and QoL of all the participants were evaluated by the numerical rating scale, the Zarit care burden scale (ZCBS), the beck depression inventory (BDI), the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the checklist individual strength (CIS) and the short form-36 (SF-36), respectively. Numerical rating scale value was 3.57 ± 2.96 in the patient group. When the two groups were compared, the CP group showed higher scores for ZCBS, BDI, PSQI, total CIS and SF-36 subscales of general health and vitality whereas the scores for role physical, role emotional, mental health and mental component summary were found to be lower in the patients, compared to the control group. Reducing caregiving burden of the mothers’ by other family members and increasing psychosocial supports may help improve the mother’s health status.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify whether different patient characteristics and clinical factors can be risk factors in patients with persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods: Patients who underwent TKA due to knee osteoarthritis were divided into two groups: those who experienced no or mild PPSP ( Numerical Rating Scale [NRS] <= 3) (group 1, n = 91) and those who experienced moderate to severe PPSP ( NRS > 3) ( group 2, n = 183). Information on the characteristics of patients, comorbid diseases and pre-surgical NRS scores were obtained retrospectively from hospital charts. The follow-up time; presurgical and last control time walking distance; and ratings on the NRS, Pain DETECT Questionnaire (PDQ) and patient satisfaction scales were recorded from the standard questionnaire presented to patients during the telephone interview.Results: The mean follow-up time was 22.8 +/- 12.3 months. The rate of moderate to severe PPSP among patients amounted to 66.7% after TKA. No neuropathic pain was found in Group 1. In Group 2, 22.9% of patients experienced neuropathic pain, the results for 18% of patients were uncertain, and 59% of patients did not experience neuropathic pain. Group 2 had worse scores on the patient satisfaction scale following the last control time compared with Group 1. Being widowed, having a low education level, being a housewife, having employment that requires physical effort, presurgical pain intensity at rest and pre-surgical restricted walking distance are risk factors for Group 2.Conclusions: PPSP and the neuropathic component in PPSP after TKA are not underestimated for pain management and patient satisfaction. Subgroups of patients, particularly widowers, having a primary school education level or under, housewives, people with jobs that require physical effort, individuals with intense pre-surgical pain during rest and those suffering from pre-surgical restricted walking distance, are at higher risk of developing PPSP following TKA.

The majority of patients achieve substantial pain relief and improved function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but a proportion continues to experience life-disturbing persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) in the months and years after surgery. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), exercise, and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment on pain severity, neuropathic pain, knee flexion range of motion (ROM), functional status, and patient satisfaction in patients with PPSP after TKA. This is a retrospective study of prospectively collected data. Patients who were identified retrospectively from hospital charts were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 17) received TENS and exercise treatment and group 2 (n = 22) received TENS, exercise, and PRF application to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). The following procedure-related parameters were collected from the special registry form: visual analog scale (VAS), Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire, knee flexion ROM, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and patient satisfaction scale scores. The mean follow-up was 253.8 ± 109 days. When the two groups were compared, a significant difference of at least 50% improvement in the VAS (activity) and a significant reduction in the DN4 scores following the last control examination were found in group 2. There was a significant reduction in total WOMAC scores in group 1 compared with group 2 for the four study periods. Higher scores for the patient satisfaction scale were found in group 1 compared with group 2 following the last control examination. Adding PRF to TENS and exercise therapy is useful in reducing the degree of pain and the neuropathic component of PPSP in patients with PPSP.