Deep venous thrombosis is a rare disease in children under the age of 18, with an estimated incidence of 1/100,000 per year in Hungary. Its typical localization in children is in the extremities, usually occurring in newborns and in teenagers. Both congenital and acquired risk factors can be in the background. Although it is a rarity, we should think of it, because late diagnosis can cause life-threatening conditions like pulmonary embolism or central nervous system thrombosis. Detailed medical history can help the diagnosis. Etiology, possible congenital and acquired risk factors, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic options are discussed through three cases of teenage children. Diagnostic difficulties of deep venous thrombosis in childhood are the following: the occurrence is rarer than in adulthood therefore it is often forgotten as a possible diagnosis, coagulation parameters are age-dependent, and diagnosis with imaging techniques is more difficult.

The authors present the case of a 12-year old girl with infective endocarditis. Following an initial three-day period of malaise, she was admitted to the hospital with meningeal signs. The clinical symptoms and the results of the laboratory examinations, lumbar puncture and hemoculture supported the diagnosis of Staphylococcus sepsis and meningitis. The initiation of antimicrobial therapy resulted in temporary improvement while a systolic cardiac murmur appeared. Transthoracal echocardiogram raised the diagnosis of mitral valve endocarditis. Due to the subsequent deterioration in her condition, the patient was referred to the Pediatric Heart Center of the Gottsegen György National Institute of Cardiology where transoesophageal echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis. The vegetations were removed by extracorporeal cardiac surgery including mitral valve plasty. Retrospectively, septic embolisation caused multiplex brain infarcts were identified by cranial MRI scan as the underlying cause of the initial clinical symptoms and liquor results. Following her recovery, patient remained well with some mild residual mitral regurgitation and without any residual neurological symptoms.

In this paper we show how to go beyond the study of the topological properties of the Internet, by measuring its dynamical state using special active probing techniques and the methods of network tomography. We demonstrate this approach by measuring the key state parameters of Internet paths, the characteristics of queuing delay, in a part of the European Internet. In the paper we describe in detail the ETOMIC measurement platform that was used to conduct the experiments, and the applied method of queuing delay tomography. The main results of the paper are maps showing various spatial structure in the characteristics of queuing delay corresponding to the resolved part of the European Internet. These maps reveal that the average queuing delay of network segments spans more than two orders of magnitude, and that the distribution of this quantity is very well fitted by the log-normal distribution.

Splenic rupture is a rare complication of infectious mononucleosis. Although it occurs only in 0.1%-0.5% of cases, splenic rupture remains the most common fatal complication of the disease. Mononucleosis related spontaneous rupture of the spleen without any other characteristic symptoms of the disease is extremely unusual, and threatens with fatal outcome due to its rare and unexpected occurrence. The authors report the case of a 16-year-old boy who needed splenectomy following a spontaneous rupture of the spleen. Serological tests proved an acute Epstein-Barr virus infection in the background but without any signs or symptoms of infectious mononucleosis. The diagnosis and treatment of this infection related to spleen ruptures are also discussed.

Queuing delay tomography of the Internet is mostly a theoretical research topic, and measurements were mainly performed to prove the validity of a certain measurement methods. We propose a large scale Internet tomography survey to map the queueing delay in the European networks in great details, and the rest of the world to a lesser extent. The measurements will be based on the ETOMIC high accuracy packet capturing infrastructure and on DIMES vast distributed agent community. We present the rational behind the effort, the new technical tools developed to enable it, and some results from initial trials.

This paper presents operational experience of large-scale unicast network tomography, that samples a part of the European Internet. In the paper we describe in detail the ETOMIC measurement platform that was used to conduct the experiments, and its potential in future scaled-up measurements. The main results of the paper are maps showing various spatial and temporal structure in the characteristics of queueing delay corresponding to the resolved part of the European Internet. These maps reveal that the average queueing delay on different network segments spans more than two orders of magnitude. At the most loaded time of day we find that the distribution of average queueing delays among the different segments follows closely a log-normal distribution.

A szerzők egy 15 eves fiu esetet ismertetik, akit egy honapja tortent hatraeses, fokozodo hat-, derek- es jobb also vegtagfajdalom, faradekonysag, etvagytalansag miatt vettek fel a gyermekosztalyra kivizsgalasra. A kezdeti laboratoriumi eredmenyek kozul kiemelendő a hypercalcaemia es az emelkedett LDH-szint, emellett meg emelkedett volt a TSH es az anti-TPO szintje is, ami autoimmun thyreoiditisre utalt. A normal parathormonszint mellett eszlelt hypercalcaemia es az emelkedett LDH-szint, valamint a rontgenvizsgalat soran a jobb csipőizulet vapajaban lathato felritkulas miatt felmerult a malignitas lehetősege. Tumorkutatas celjabol hasi ultrahangvizsgalatot kertunk, amely a lepben es a pancreasban gocos elvaltozasokat, emellett a prostata teruleten szabalytalan alaku, megnagyobbodott terimet mutatott. Ezen elvaltozasokat a hasi es kismedencei CT-vizsgalat megerősitette. Rectalis digitalis vizsgalatot kovetően transrectalisan prostata-tűbiopsziat vegeztunk, majd a felvetelet kovető 9. napon a beteget onkologiai centrumba iranyitottuk. A biopszia soran nyert minta szovettani es immunhisztokemiai vizsgalata alapjan az alveolaris rhabdomyosarcoma diagnozisat allitottuk fel. A tovabbi vizsgalatok csontvelő-erintettseget es a primer tumor nagyfoku kiterjedeset igazoltak. A gyermek ugynevezett „szendvicsterapiaban” reszesult, amely neoadjuvans es adjuvans kemoterapiabol es a primer tumor műteti eltavolitasabol allt. Jelenleg a beteg fenntarto kezelest kap es rendszeresen ellenőrzik, a kontrollvizsgalatok remissziot igazolnak. Az esettel a szerzők azt szeretnek szemleltetni, hogy a nem specifikusan onkologiaval foglalkozo orvosok milyen diagnosztikus lepeseken keresztul juthatnak el a megfelelő diagnozis felallitasahoz es a beteg korai centrumba kuldesehez.

The authors report the case study of a 16-year old boy who presented with cyclic vomiting syndrome. His main clinical symptoms had been unpredictable sudden-onset vomiting episodes interrupting long episodes of full health lasting for several months since the patient was a toddler. Histological results of the upper tract endoscopy showed eosinophil gastroenteritis with long-existing, undetected cow milk allergy as the likely underlying reason. The patient became symptomless following the elimination of cow milk from his diet. The symptoms did not recur following a cow milk load test carried out half a year later, and the patient continues to be symptomless after more than one-year of continuous cow milk consumption. In this paper, the authors would like to highlight the importance of EG int the differential diagnosis of any chronic, recidive gastrointestinal symptoms and discuss the likely underlying causes of EG in paediatrics.

We present in detail a flexible method for inferring internal queueing-delay distributions in a network, by performing correlated unicast packet-pair measurements. The method is based on the quantization of the measured endto-end delays, maximum-likelihood estimation via the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, and making numerical deconvolutions via the non-negative least squares (NNLS) algorithm. We have tested the inference method in realistic network simulations as well as in real local area network (LAN) measurements using different scenarios and found impressive agreement between the estimated and real queueing-delay distributions.

A 16-years old boy with poor family circumstances was admitted to hospital due to severe cardiac failure (stagnation in the pulmonary and systemic circulations, ejection fraction: 29%, pericardial fluid, atrial flatter) needing intensive care. Diagnostic tests revealed extreme hyper-function of the thyroid as the underlying cause. After stabilising the cardiac and hormonal states of the patient with medication, subtotal resection of the thyroid was carried out since the poor family circumstances did not make the provision of long-term thyreostatic pharmacotherapy feasible. Cardioversion solved the arrhythmia. The patient was discharged from hospital with stable circulation and normal thyroid functions after 2 months. The authors report the very uncommon complications of an endocrine syndrome with autoimmune origin rarely observed in childhood. They highlight the importance of early diagnosis and the immediate start of adequate therapy for good long-term outcome.

In this study we compare the characteristics of highway and computer network traffic in a simple topology. The goal is to extract some common features and to find out to which degree these systems can be regarded as analogous so that powerful tools developed for the description of highway traffic, such as cellular automata models could be applied for the case of information packet flows as well. We present phase diagrams of computer network traffic that show similar qualitative features as the one car and aggregated traffic fundamental diagrams of highway traffic and make the first step towards developing cellular automata describing data flow in communication networks. One of the great advantages of such models over detailed microscopic network simulations would be their simplicity which could admit the performance tests and modeling even of huge sized networks in a reasonable time.

The longitudinal examination of 132 pregnant diabetic women under care showed a 96.2% prevalence of gingivitis. The intensity of gingivitis was most marked in weeks 11 to 15, and 24 to 26 of pregnancy, and the correlation with changes in oral hygiene was statistically significant (p<0.001). On the other hand, the severity of diabetes had no effect on the degree of gingival inflammation. As for caries, the mean DMF values increased during diabetic pregnancy, the number of carious (D) and filled (F) teeth to a higher, that of extracted (M) teeth to a lesser degree, than in diabetic non-pregnant women.

The authors tested a new procedure for the discrimination of EPs obtained in different stimulus situations. In contrast with principal component analysis (PCA) used so far for the purpose of data compression, the method referred to as canonical component analysis (CCA) is optimal for the purpose of discrimination. To illustrate this, the authors performed both PCA and CCA for the same material, then after carrying out discriminant analysis ( SWDA ) for the data transformed in this way, compared the performance of the two procedures in discrimination. In view of both the theoretical and practical considerations, the authors recommend that in the future researchers use CCA instead of PCA in EP studies for data reduction carried out for discrimination.

BitTorrent network offers, as well as other peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing solutions, a way to let simple Internet edge nodes (peers) to share data with other peers. Distribution groups (swarms) of this network are enhanced to make data content of a file group available to all joined peers in the swarm. However, the primary needs of users are about acquiring a specific content. This content can be represented in very different forms within the digital world as well as within the file-sharing networks. In this paper we present the impact of the semantic gap between the content-based demands and the file-based distribution solutions through measurement results from a real-life BitTorrent community. Besides this we point out the typical structures built by different manifests of the same content in BitTorrent network. As a result we will able to propose some guidelines to enhance the content-awareness of tomorrow's P2P solutions.