Removal of dyes from water bodies is a significant concern throughout the world. In this study, SnS2 nanoplates were synthesized by a hydrothermal synthetic route at 160°C, and it is effectively characterized by various techniques. The XRD peaks confirmed the hexagonal planes of SnS2. The nanoplates-like morphology was revealed by FESEM and HRTEM. The optical band gap was investigated by UV-vis DRS and showed a reflection edge with corresponding energy at 2.2 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the SnS2 nanoplates is tested against the degradation of methylene blue under natural sunlight irradiation. About 95% degradation of methylene blue is observed in 120 min with the photocatalytic degradation rate of 0.021min-1. Results confirmed that the SnS2nanoplatescould facilitate 95 % degradation of methylene dye and followed the first-order kinetic model.

Novel and efficient fluorescent probes having N2, N6-bis(5-Mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide (TPDC) are synthesized by the condensation reaction between pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and amino derivatives of thiadiazoles. The novel fluorescent probe TPDC exhibits a highly sensitive and selective response to Fe3+ and Hg2+ ions in HEPES buffer solution showing the detection limit to be 0.49..M and 0.0066..M, respectively. The binding stoichiometry of TPDC with Fe3+ and Hg2+ have been estimated by Jobs plot and found to be 1:1. These have been confirmed by MS spectra. The stability constant of the fluorescent probe with Fe3+ and Hg2+ has been determined by the Benesi-Hildebrand equation. The binding constant for Fe3+ and Hg2+ ions are 2.54 x 10(1) M-1 and 0.18 x 10(2) M-1, respectively. The crystallinity of compounds have also been calculated by XRD spectra and found to be 66.37%.

Removal of dyes from water bodies is a significant concern throughout the world. In this study, Bi2MoO6 microspheres were synthesized by a hydrothermal synthetic route at 180°C, and it is effectively characterized by various techniques. The XRD peaks confirmed the orthorhombic planes of Bi2MoO6. The microsphere-like morphology was revealed by FESEM and HRTEM. The optical band gap was investigated by UV-vis DRS and showed a reflection edge with corresponding energy at 2.68 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the Bi2MoO6 microsphere is tested against the degradation of rhodamine B under natural sunlight irradiation. About 90% degradation of rhodamine B is observed in 90 min with the photocatalytic degradation rate of 0.038min-1. Results confirmed that the Bi2MoO6microspherecould facilitate 90% degradation of RhB dye and followed the first-order kinetic model.

Non-Steroidal biologically active heterocyclic compounds 4 (2-(4-chlorophenyl) benzo [d] thiazol-3(2H)-yl)-N-((3-substituted-2-hydrobenzo ldlthiazol-2-yemethylene) thiazol-2-amine (3a-3d), 4-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)benzo [d]thiazol-3(2H)-yl)-N-((3-substituted-2-hydrobenzo [d]thiazol-2-yl)methylene)oxazol-2-amine (3a'-3d'), (Z)-N'-(4-(2-(4-chlorophenyebenzoldlthiazol-3(2H)-yethiaol-2-yl)-N-(4-substituted phenylimino)-3-substituted-2-hydrobenzo thiazole-2-carboxamidine (4a-4h) and (Z)-N'-(4-(2-(4-chlomphenyebenzo [d] thiazol-3(2H)-yl) oxazol-2-yl)-N-(4-substituted phenylimino)-3-substituted-2-hydrobenzo thiazole-2-carboxamidine (4a'-4h') were synthesized starting from 2-chloro-1-(2-(4-chlomphenyebenzoldlthiazol-3(2H)-yl) ethanone (1). The structure configuration of newly synthesized compounds has been determined by elemental analysis and various spectroscopic (IR, (HNMR)-H-1 and GCMS) techniques. These compounds were tested for their anti-inflammation, analgesic, ulcerogenic, acute toxicity and free radical scavenging action and compared with reference drugs in albino rats. Compound 4-(2-(4-chlomphenyebenzoldlthiazol-3(2H)-yl)-N-((3-substituted-2-hydrobenzo [d] thiazol-2-yl)methylene)thiazol-2-amine (3c) was the most active compound than reference drug at a dose of 50 mg/kg p.o.

Non-steroid biologically active heterocyclic compounds (Z)-N'-(4-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)benzo[d]thiazol-3(2H)-yl) oxazol-2-yl)-N-(4-substituted phenylimino)-3-substituted-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazole-2-carboxamidine (4a-4h) and (Z)-N'-(4-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)benzo[d]thiazol-3(2H)-yl)thiazol-2-yl)-N-(4-substituted phenylimino)-3-substituted-2-hydrobenzo[d]thiazole-2-carboxamidine (4a'-4h') have been synthesized, tested for their antimicrobial inhibiting potential and compared with standard drugs Miconazole (antifungal) and Imipenem (antibacterial). Compound 4e' is more potentially active than other compounds and standard drugs. The structure configuration of newly synthesized compounds has been determined by elemental analysis and various spectroscopic (IR, H-1 and (CNMR)-C-13 and GCMS) techniques.

Abstract Schiff base ligand (E)-5-methyl-3-(1-(4-nitrophenylimino)ethyl)-1H-indol-2-amine was synthesized by the condensation of 1-(2-amino-5-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanone and 4-nitrobenzenamine in methanol at 70 oC. The prepared Schiff base ligand doped with Cr(III), Mn(III) and Fe(III) ion, respectively and it is denoted as [M(C34H32N8O4)X]X2. The complexes have been characterized with the help of elemental analysis, conductance measurements, magnetic measurements and their structural configuration have been determined by various spectroscopic (electronic, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, GCMS) techniques. Electronic and magnetic moments of the complexes indicate that the geometry of the metal center was five coordinate square pyramidal. These metal complexes were also tested for their antimicrobial activities to assess their inhibiting potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis (positive bacteria) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi (negative bacteria) and fungi Rizoctonia sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. [Cr(C34H32N8O4)OAc](OAc)2 shows best antimicrobial activity against all the pathogens.

Isatin (1 H-indole-2, 3-Dione) and its derivatives are versatile compounds which acts as a precursor for a large number of pharmacologically active compounds. Therefore isatins have a significant importance in the synthesis of different heterocyclic compounds. Isatins show variety of biological activities. In this review we focus on synthetic methods of isatins and their biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, antitubercular activity.

Abstract The continued spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has prompted global concern. The formal name given to 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization is COVID-19, while the International Committee on Taxonomy has named it severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to this viral attack, nations around the world have issued lockdown restrictions. Presently, there is no effective way to control the spread of 2019-nCoV, except through social distancing and hygienic activities. World-class scientists and researchers are trying to develop vaccines and medicines that will cure this deadly viral disease and control its spread. Our aim in presenting this article is to provide an easy therapeutic approach that effectively combats deadly viral diseases, such as COVID-19, with minimal intervention and effort. Different Ayurvedic therapeutic agents (Curcuma longa L, green tea, and Piper nigrum) inhibit the entry of viruses in the host cell and the transmission of pathogens, while improving immunity. Curcumin and piperine (1-piperoylpiperidine) interact with each other and form a π–π intermolecular complex that enhances the bioavailability of curcumin by inhibition of glucuronidation of curcumin in the liver. Two molecules, curcumin and catechin, bind directly to the receptor-binding domain of the S-protein and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor of the host cell, by which these molecules inhibit the entry of viruses in the host cell. As a result, the animal host will survive the infection.

A series of transition metal complexes of the type [MLX2], where M = Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), X = Cl–/CH3COO– and L = Schiff base derived from 4-nitrobenzene-1,2-diamine and 5-chloroisatin have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, UV-visible, magnetic moments measurement, 1H & 13C NMR and mass spectral studies. On the basis of physico-chemical studies and spectral evaluation, an octahedral geometry have been proposed for all metal(II) complexes. The antimicrobial activity of ligand and its metal complexes have been additionally screened against bacteria and fungi. Metal(II) complexes show good activity as compared to ligand towards studied microorganisms and also metal complexes checked for their catalytic properties for benzoylation of phenol.

Biologically active dinuclear complexes [M-2(C44H52N20O2S8)X-4] of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) with Schiff base ligand (C22H26N10OS4) got through the buildup of 2,5-diethylidene furan bis (thiocarbohydrazide) with 2-thia-6-aza-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-4-en-7-one. The recently prepared Schiff base and its metal derivatives have been basically portrayed with the assistance of elemental analysis, condensation measurement, magnetic measurement and their structure configuration explain with the help of different spectroscopic (electronic, IR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, GCMS) systems. The electronic spectra of the metal complexes (metal ligand derivatives) demonstrate an octahedral geometry of the middle metal ion. The ligand and its metal. derivatives have been screened for their antioxidant and antimicrobial hindering potential and compared with standard medications butylated hydroxyanisol (free radical searching active), Imipenem (antibacterial) and Miconazole (antifungal). [Ni-2(C44H52N20O2S8)(OAc)(4)] demonstrates best antimicrobial action against the contemplated microorganism, and [Cu-2(C44H52N20O2S8)(OAc)(4)] demonstrates the best free radical searching action.

A environmental friendly system for fast transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil was developed for the production of biodiesel using an ultrasonic-assisted continuous tank reactor in the presence of fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) used as a green (intermediate) solvent with potassium hydroxide used as a catalyst. This research provide a new biodiesel production process, the optimal condition for the reaction were established: reaction temperature 25°C oil to methanol molar ratio was 1:5, catalyst concentration 0.75wt% of oil, solvent concentration 7.5%, flow rate 241.68±0.80ml/min, ultrasonic amplitude 60% and ultrasonic cycles 0.7s, transesterification was completed within 1.09min (residence time). The purity and conversion of biodiesel was 98.75±0.50% analyzed by the reverse phase HPLC method.

The alkyl ester of vegetable oil represents as an alternative fuel for diesel engines which is to reduce the cost of biodiesel by increasing the efficiency of biodiesel production by single step reaction i.e. production of biodiesel by combing extraction of oil from oilseed and reaction of extract with alcohol by using ultra-sonication. This process is called ultrasonic reactive -extraction. It consists of the investigation of the optimum conditions i.e. seed size >1-<2, molar ratio oilseed to methanol 1:100, catalyst concentration 1.5 wt % of oilseed, reaction time 20 min and ultrasonic amplitude 50%, cycle 0.3 s gives the maximum conversion. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biodiesel, alkyl ester of vegetable oil is an environment friendly renewable non toxic biodegradable diesel fuel produced by the acid or base catalyzed methanolysis of vegetable oil.The optimized reaction conditions are molar ratio of oil to MeOH 1:6, reaction temperature 65 o C and reaction time 35 minute higher catalyst percentage significantly increased reaction rate and production capacity.The maximum catalyst concentration 1.0 wt.% of oil gives the best conversion 96±0.05%.The biodiesel were characterized for their physical and fuel properties including density, viscosity, iodine volume, acid volume, cloud point, pure point, gross heat of combustion and volatility (ASTM).The purity and conversion of the biodiesel was analyzed by HPLC.

The paper presents the synthesis of macrocyclic complexes [{M(C52H36N12O4)X}X2] of Cr(III), Mn(III) and Fe(III) with Schiff base ligand (C52H36N12O4) obtained through the condensation of 1,4-dicarbonyl phenyl dihydrazide with 1,2-di(1H-indol-1-yl)ethane-1,2-dione. The newly formed Schiff base and its complexes have been characterized with the help of elemental analysis, condensation measurements, magnetic measurements and their structure configuration have been determined by various spectroscopic (electronic, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, GCMS) techniques. The electronic spectra of the complexes indicate a five coordinate square pyramidal geometry of the center metal ion. These metal complexes and ligand were tested for their anti-inflammation and antimicrobial inhibiting potential and compared with standard drugs Phenyl butazone (anti-inflammation), Imipenem (antibacterial) and Miconazole (antifungal).

The M(II) complex of benzofuron-2-carbohydrazide, 1-chloro-4-isothiocyanatobenzene and nitrophenol (2-nitrophenol, 2,3-dinitropheno, 2,3,4-trinitrophenol) with transition metal ion e.g.Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) were prepared.All the complex have structure formula [Cu 2 (C 56 H 40 N 10 Cl 2 O 16 S 2 )], [Ni 2 (C 56 H 40 N 10 Cl 2 O 16 S 2 )], [Co 2 (C 56 H 40 N 10 Cl 2 O 16 S 2 )], [Cu 2 (C 56 H 36 N 14 Cl 2 O 24 S 2 )], [Ni 2 (C 56 H 36 N 14 Cl 2 O 24 S 2 )], [Co 2 (C 56 H 36 N 14 Cl 2 O 24 S 2 )], [Cu 2 (C 56 H 32 N 18 Cl 2 O 32 S 2 )], [Ni 2 (C 56 H 32 N 18 Cl 2 O 32 S 2 )] and [Co 2 (C 56 H 32 N 18 Cl 2 O 32 S 2 )] characterized by the several analytical techniques including elemental analysis (C.H.N.), molar conductance measurements, magnetic measurements, electronic, FAB mass, IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectral studies.Based on these studies six coordinated octahedral geometry for all the complexes was proposed.

Limited resources of conventional fuels such as petrodiesel have led to the search for alternative fuels. Various convention batch/continuous processes for the biodiesel production have been developed before the recent year. All processes are time consuming with high labor cost. Thus, we need a new process for biodiesel production which reduces the reaction time and production cost as well as save the energy. In this work, ultrasonic assisted transesterification of Jatrophacurcas oil is carried out in the presence of methanol and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst, keeping the molar ratio of oil to alcohol 1:5, catalyst concentration 0.75 wt% of oil, ultrasonic amplitude 50% and pulse 0.3 cycle, 7 min reaction time under atmospheric condition. Ultrasonic mixing has increased the rate of transesterification reaction as compare to the mechanical mixing.

Ultrasonication used for the ethanolysis of non-edible vegetable oil using KOH as a catalyst makes the process fully economic at molar ratio oil to ethanol 1:4, catalyst concentration 0.75 wt% of oil, reaction time 7-8 min, ultrasonic amplitude 50% (100 W/m(3)) and cycle 0.7 s. ultrasonication reduces the reaction time comparing to the conventional batch process. RP-HPLC was used to monitor the reactivity during the base catalyzed ethanolysis of Jatropha curcas oil. A RP-HPLC method has been developed for the determination of triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol as well as free fatty acids and their corresponding ethyl esters. The determination of these components was carried out using a 40 min combined linear gradient with aqueous-organic and non-aqueous mobile phase steps:90% methanol + 10% water in 10 min, 100% methanol in 0 min, 60% methanol + 15% n-hexane + 25% propan-2-ol in 30 min and 90% methanol + 10% water for last 10 min was used for fast monitoring of transesterification reaction. Individual calibration curves (relative peak area versus amount of the compound) were found for quantitative analysis of ethyl esters and acylglycerol shows good linearity at UV detection 215 nm. The identification of each compound can be done by APCI-MS in the position ion mode. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Schiff base ligand [C 21 H 18 N 8 O] was synthesized by reacting 5-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4carbaldehyde and S or O containing dihydrazide (2:1) and a series of metal complexes [Sb(C 21 H 18 N 8 O)Cl]Cl 2 , [Sb(C 21 H 18 N 8 O)NO 3 ](NO 3 ) 2 , [Sb(C 21 H 18 N 8 O)OAc](OAc) 2, [Sb(C 21 H 18 N 8 S)Cl]Cl 2 , [Sb(C 21 H 18 N 8 S)NO 3 ](NO 3 ) 2 , and [Sb(C 21 H 18 N 8 S)OAc](OAc) 2 with the new ligands were synthesized by reaction with Sb (III) metal salt in methanolic medium. The Schiff base ligand and their metal complexes have been characterized with the help of elemental analysis, conductance measurements, magnetic measurements and their structure configuration has been determined by various spectroscopic (electronic, IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, GCMS) techniques.Electronic spectra of the complexes indicate that the geometry of the metal center was square pyramidal geometry.These metal complexes were also tested for their antibacterial activities to assess their inhibiting potential.