In this work, we present the transverse momentum spectra of prompt and decay photons in Au-Au collisions for root = 200 GeV, 62.4 GeV, 39 GeV, and 27 GeV. The major sources of the photons in Angantyr include hard processes, Parton showers, and resonance decay. The multiparton interactions and hadronic rescatterings significantly increase the photon yield. The model shows a good match with the available experimental data at high . The difference in yield at low suggests that Quark Gluon Plasma of = 0.167 GeV/c in central Au-Au collision at 200 GeV is formed, the new effective temperature is less than the ones extracted without removing background photons. At low the decay photon spectra scales with (h)1.25, the scaling is independent of collision energy and system size. The scaling no longer holds at high and the spectra become beam energy dependent. The scaled spectra of p-p and d-Au collisions show an opposite trend at high , their scaled yield is greater than the Au-Au collision at the same energy.

For the present work, we have used the HYDJET++ model to explore the production of pure multi-strange hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions at √(s_NN)= 2.76 TeV and √(s_NN)= 5.02 TeV collision energies, respectively. We have simulated the p_T-spectra and elliptic flow (v_2) of ϕ-meson and Ω-baryons comparing our results with ALICE experimental data and several phenomenological models (HIJING/BB, VISHNU, EPOS, AMPT, and Krakow) across various centrality intervals. Additionally, we have calculated the nuclear modification factors (R_AA and R_CP), which provide a perception of jet quenching phenomena. Hence, our findings enable the study of the energy and system dependence of ϕ and Ω hadrons production over a wide range of ultra-relativistic collision energies. We also present the particle ratios (Ω/ϕ, Ω^+/Ω^-, Ω/π, and ϕ/π), offering insights on the strangeness enhancement and chemical properties of the medium at both LHC collision energies.

In this article, we have reported the transverse momentum (p(T) ) spectra and nuclear modification factors of (multi-) strange hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at root sNN= 200 GeV using the Monte Carlo HYDJET++ model. For the present study, we have tuned few of the input parameters, in both soft as well as hard parts, of the model to appropriately describe the production of (multi-) strange hadrons. We have presented the p(T) -spectra of (multi-) strange hadrons in different centrality intervals. On comparing p(T) -spectra with the experimental data, we observe that the model does not achieve thermal equilibrium for kaons toward peripheral collisions and for omega baryons for all the centrality intervals. The R-AA results obtained by the model reproduce the experimental data well while the R-CP results show less suppression at higher p(T) than the experimental data. Further, HYDJET++ results are also compared with different theoretical models and discussed, wherever possible.

In this article, we investigate Au + Au and Pb + Pb collision systems to understand the (multi-) strange hadron production at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies using the Monte Carlo HYDJET + + model. We study the p(T) spectra, particle ratios, and strangeness enhancement factor for (multi-) strange hadrons. The pT spectra of K+(K-), K-s(0), Lambda((Lambda) over bar), Xi(-)((Xi) over bar (+)), and Omega(-)((Omega) over bar (+)) are shown for both Au + Au and Pb + Pb collision systems in various centrality intervals. We find that the strange quark thermalization might not be achieved by the model for multistrange baryons toward peripheral collisions. The pT-differential particle ratios, focused on strange hadron-to-meson ratios, are reported for 0-5% and 40-60% centrality intervals for both the collision systems. We observe an enhancement in the particle ratios at intermediate p(T) region. p(T) integrated strange-to-nonstrange ratios suggest that chemical equilibrium might not be achieved for multistrange hadrons. We report the strangeness enhancement factor for Lambda((Lambda) over bar), Xi(-)((Xi) over bar (+)), and Omega(-)((Omega) over bar (+)), and Omega(-) + (Omega) over bar (+) at both RHIC and LHC energies. An increase in the enhancement factor is observed with the increase in strangeness content of the baryons. We also observe that enhancement is higher in Au + Au collisions than in Pb + Pb collisions. Further, we compare the HYDJET + + results with the experimental data and various other simulation models, wherever possible.

Using the HYDJET++ model, we measure the higher-order flow harmonics v_n ( n = 2, 3, 4) of (multi-) strange hadrons in Au+Au collisions at √(s_NN) = 200 GeV and Pb+Pb collisions at √(s_NN) = 2.76 TeV. We have compared our model results with the available experimental data at RHIC and LHC energies. The model reproduces the higher flow harmonics of (multi-) strange hadrons as a function of p_T , centrality, and quark content. We have studied and discussed mass ordering of flows v_n ( n = 2, 3, 4) among π ^++π ^- , K^-+K^+ , K_s^0 , p+p , Λ +Λ , Ξ ^-+Ξ^+ , and Ω ^-+Ω^+ at low p_T and the baryon-meson grouping at intermediate p_T . We observe NCQ scaling in both RHIC as well as LHC energy regimes. Study of flow harmonics behaviour at RHIC and LHC energy regimes will provide an additional insight into the dynamics of anisotropic flow and the effect of radial flow expansion in the system.

Using the HYDJET++ model, we measure the higher-order flow harmonics vn(n=2, 3, 4) of (multi-) strange hadrons in Au+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-s=200 GeV and Pb+Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-s=2.76 TeV. We have compared our model results with the available experimental data at RHIC and LHC energies. The model reproduces the higher flow harmonics of (multi-) strange. hadrons as a function of pT, centrality, and quark content. We have studied and discussed mass ordering of flows v(n)(n=2, 3, 4)among pi(+)+pi(-),K-+K+,K-s(0),p+p,Lambda+Lambda,(sic)(-)+(sic)+,and Omega(-)+Omega (+) at low p(T )and the baryon-meson grouping at intermediate p(T). We observe NCQ scaling in both RHIC as well as LHC energy regimes. Study of flow harmonics behaviour at RHIC and LHC energy regimes will provide an additional insight into the dynamics of anisotropic flow and the effect of radial flow expansion in the system.

In this article, we investigate $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collision systems to understand the (multi-) strange hadron production at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies using the Monte Carlo $\mathrm{HYDJET}++$ model. We study the ${p}_{T}$ spectra, particle ratios, and strangeness enhancement factor for (multi-) strange hadrons. The ${p}_{T}$ spectra of ${K}^{+}({K}^{\ensuremath{-}})$, ${K}_{s}^{0}$, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}(\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}})$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}^{\ensuremath{-}}({\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}}^{+})$, and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}^{\ensuremath{-}}({\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}}^{+})$ are shown for both $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collision systems in various centrality intervals. We find that the strange quark thermalization might not be achieved by the model for multistrange baryons toward peripheral collisions. The ${p}_{T}$-differential particle ratios, focused on strange hadron-to-meson ratios, are reported for 0--5% and 40--60% centrality intervals for both the collision systems. We observe an enhancement in the particle ratios at intermediate ${p}_{T}$ region. ${p}_{T}$ integrated strange-to-nonstrange ratios suggest that chemical equilibrium might not be achieved for multistrange hadrons. We report the strangeness enhancement factor for $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}(\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}})$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}^{\ensuremath{-}}({\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}}^{+})$, and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+{\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}}^{+}$ at both RHIC and LHC energies. An increase in the enhancement factor is observed with the increase in strangeness content of the baryons. We also observe that enhancement is higher in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions than in $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions. Further, we compare the $\mathrm{HYDJET}++$ results with the experimental data and various other simulation models, wherever possible.

An investigation of the critical behavior of strongly interacting quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter has been performed by analyzing fluctuation observables on event-by-event (ebe) basis measured in high-energy collision experiments. The fluctuation analysis is performed using nuclear interactions at different target sizes and at different colliding beam energies as a function of varying width of pseudorapidity interval. For the sake of comparison, ebe multiplicity fluctuations in hadronic and heavy ion collisions (p–H, p–A and A–B) are studied within the framework of the Lund Monte Carlo-based FRITIOF model. Charged particle multiplicity and the variance of the multiplicity distribution are estimated for the interactions involving different target sizes and beam momenta, i.e., p–H, p–CNO, p–AgBr at 200 A GeV/c and [Formula: see text]O–AgBr collisions at 14.6 A, 60 A and 200 A GeV/c. Further, multiplicity fluctuations are quantified in terms of intensive quantity, the scaled variances [Formula: see text] and the strongly intensive quantity [Formula: see text] derived from the charged particle multiplicity and the width of the multiplicity distribution. Strongly intensive quantity [Formula: see text] is a quantity of great significance to extract information about short- and long-range multiplicity correlations. Furthermore, the collision centrality and centrality bin width-dependent behavior of the multiplicity fluctuation have been examined in the framework of Lund Monte Carlo-based FRITIOF model. Results based on the fluctuation analysis carried out in this study are interpreted in terms of dynamics of collision process and the possibility of related QCD phase transition.