Injuries to the knee and lower leg cause a significant burden for the individual and society. Our aim was to determine the annual health insurance treatment cost of knee and lower leg injuries in Hungary. Data were derived from the financial database of the NHIFA, for the year 2018. Data analysed included annual health insurance costs, patient numbers and cost distribution calculated for age groups and sex. The following cost categories were included into the study: general practice care, home care, in- and outpatient care, medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics, pharmaceuticals and medical aids. Patients with knee and lower leg injuries were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision: S80-89. In 2018, the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration spent 8.808 billion Hungarian Forints (HUF) on the treatment of patients with knee and lower leg injuries [32.59 million American Dollars (USD), or 27.62 million Euros (EUR)]. 52.0% of costs was spent on the treatment of male, while 48.0% on female patients. The highest patient numbers were in outpatient care: 106,058 men (50%), and 106,234 women (50%), in total 212,292 patients. Acute inpatient care (62.6% of total health insurance costs in men, 60.1% in women), outpatient care (22.1% in men, 22.7% in women) and medical aids (6.5% in men, 5.5% in women) were the main cost drivers, all other forms of medical care amounted to 8.8% in men, 11.7% in women. Annual health care treatment cost per patient was 43,203 HUF (160 USD/135 EUR) in men and 39,784 HUF (147 USD/125 EUR) in women. Acute inpatient care was the major cost driver. There was no significant difference in major cost drivers between men and women. Average, annual health insurance costs per patient was 8.5% higher in men than in women.

Femoral neck fracture is one of the most common type of fractures in the elderly resulting from falls. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological disease burden of femoral neck fracture. Data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), for the year 2018. Data analysed included annual patient numbers, case numbers and prevalence of care utilisation per 100,000 population according to age groups and sex. The following health insurance treatment categories were included into our study: general practice care, home care, in- and outpatient care, medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics, drugs and medical aids. Patients with femoral neck fracture were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision: S7200. The highest national patient numbers were in outpatient care: 4,261 men and 9,338 women, in total 13,599 patients, followed by general practice care (2,234 men and 5,044 women, in total 7,278), and acute inpatient care (2,082 men and 4,780 women, in total 6,862). Based on patient numbers of acute in-patient care, prevalence in 100,000 among men was 44.6 patients, among women 93.6 patients, in total 70.2. Average age of patients in acute inpatient care was 76.3 years, there was a significant difference (5.9 years) between men (72.1 years) and women (78.1 years). As regards sex distribution in outpatient care: 31.3% of patients were men, 68.7% were women, in acute inpatient care men accounted for 30.3%, women for 69.7% of patients. Prevalence of femoral neck fracture was 2.1-times higher among women than among men. Average age of women was 5.9 years higher than that of men. Higher patient numbers among women and their higher age was due to the high proportion of affected women suffering from osteoporosis.

Injuries to the ankle and foot cause significant burden for the individual and society. Our aim was to determine the annual health insurance treatment cost of injuries to the ankle and foot in Hungary. Data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), for the year 2018. Data analysed included annual health insurance costs, patient numbers and cost distribution calculated for age groups and sex. The following cost categories were included into the study: general practice care, home care, in- and outpatient care, medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics, pharmaceuticals and medical aids. Patients with injuries to the ankle and foot were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision: S90-99. In 2018, the NHIFA spent 2.187 billion Hungarian Forints (HUF) on the treatment of patients with injuries to the ankle and foot [8.09 million American Dollars (USD), or 6.85 million Euros (EUR)]. 53.9% of costs was spent on the treatment of male, while 46.1% on female patients. The highest patient numbers were in outpatient care: 113,948 men (50.7%), and 110,805 women (49.3%), in total 224,753 patients. Outpatient care (59.7% of total health insurance costs in men, 64.6% in women), acute inpatient care (16.7% in men, 10.5% in women) and medical aids (10.1% in men, 10.3% in women) were the main cost drivers, all other forms of medical care amounted to 13.6% in men and 14.6% in women. Annual health care treatment cost per patient was 10,354 HUF (38 USD/32 EUR) in men and 9,094 HUF (34 USD/29 EUR) in women. Outpatient care was the major cost driver. There was a difference in major cost drivers between men and women. Average, annual health insurance costs per patient was 14% higher in men than in women.

Accident-related fractures of the skull and facial bones are the most common pathological changes to the skull. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological disease burden of fracture of skull and facial bones. Data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), for the year 2018. Data analysed included annual patient numbers, case numbers and prevalence of care utilisation per 100,000 population according to age groups and sex. The following health insurance treatment categories were included into our study: general practice care, home care, in- and outpatient care, medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics, drugs and medical aids. Patients with fracture of skull and facial bones were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision: S02. The highest national patient numbers were in outpatient care: 11,306 men and 8,284 women, in total 19,590 patients, followed by CT diagnostics (4,158 men and 3,407 women, in total 7,565 patients), and general practice care (3,718 men and 2,349 women, in total 6,067). Based on patient numbers in outpatient care, prevalence in 100,000 among men was 242.0 patients, among women 162.2 patients, in total 200.3. Average age of patients in outpatient care was 46.1 years, there was a significant difference (11.5 years) between men (40.3 years) and women (52.8 years). As regards sex distribution in outpatient care: 57.7% of patients were men, 42.3% were women, in CT diagnostics men accounted for 55.0%, women for 45.0% of patients. Prevalence of fracture of skull and facial bones was 1.49-times higher among women than among men. Average age of women was 11.5 years higher than that of men. High patient numbers of CT diagnostics are attributable to the fact CT is the primary diagnostic method.

Injuries to the elbow and forearm cause serious difficulties for patients with everyday self-care. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological disease burden of injuries to the elbow and forearm. Data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), for the year 2018. Data analysed included annual patient numbers, case numbers and prevalence of care utilisation per 100,000 population according to age groups and sex. The following health insurance treatment categories were included into our study: general practice care, home care, in- and outpatient care, medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics, drugs and medical aids. Patients with injuries to the elbow and forearm were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases 10threvision: S50-59. The highest national patient numbers were in outpatient care: 58,986 men and 65,374 women, in total 124,360 patients, followed by general practice care (18,732 men and 20,588 women, in total 39,320 patients), and inpatient care (4,173 men and 5,852 women, in total 10,025). Based on patient numbers in outpatient care, prevalence in 100,000 among men was 1,262.7 patients, among women 1,280.1 patients, in total 1,271.8. Average age of patients in outpatient care was 43.3 years, there was a significant difference (12.9 years) between men (36.5 years) and women (49.5 years). As regards sex distribution in outpatient care: 47.4% of patients were men, 52.6% were women, in general practice care men accounted for 47.6%, women for 52.4% of patients. There was no significant difference in prevalence between men and women. Average age of women was 12.9 years higher than that of men.

Subtrochanteric fractures cause some burden for the individual and society. Our aim was to determine the annual health insurance treatment cost of subtrochanteric fracture in Hungary. Data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), for the year 2018. Data analysed included annual health insurance costs, patient numbers and cost distribution calculated for age groups and sex. The following cost categories were included into the study: general practice care, home care, in- and outpatient care, medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics, pharmaceuticals and medical aids. Patients with subtrochanteric fracture were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision: S7220. In 2018, the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration spent 1.045 billion Hungarian Forints (HUF) on the treatment of patients with subtrochanteric fracture, which equals to 3.87 million American Dollars (USD), or 3.28 million Euros (EUR). 27.3% of costs was spent on the treatment of male, while 72.7% on female patients. The highest patient numbers were in outpatient care: 507 men (34.3%), and 972 women (65.7%), in total 1,479 patients. Acute inpatient care (91.2% of total health insurance costs in men, 89.61% in women), chronic inpatient care (3.62% in men, 5.75% in women) and specialist home care (1.05% in men, 1.38% in women) were the main cost drivers, while all other forms of medical care amounted to 3.7% in men and 3.3% in women. Annual health care treatment cost per patient was 562,161 HUF (2,080 USD/1,763 EUR) in men and 782,081 HUF (2,894 USD/2,453 EUR) in women. Acute inpatient care was the major cost driver. There was a small difference in major cost drivers between men and women. Average, annual health insurance costs per patient was significantly (39%) higher in women than in men.

Traumatological injuries affecting the musculoskeletal system significantly influence patients’ quality of life. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological disease burden of shoulder and upper arm injuries. Data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), for the year 2018. Data analysed included annual patient numbers, case numbers and prevalence of care utilisation per 100,000 population according to age groups and sex. The following health insurance treatment categories were included into our study: general practice care, home care, in- and outpatient care, medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics, drugs and medical aids. Patients with injuries to the shoulder and upper arm were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision: S40-49. The highest national patient numbers were in outpatient care: 42,588 men and 41,773 women, in total 84,361 patients, followed by general practice care (18,055 men and 16,538 women, in total 34,593), and use of pharmaceuticals (4,654 men and 5,188 women, in total 9,842). Based on patient numbers in outpatient care, prevalence in 100,000 among men was 911.6 patients, among women 818.0 patients, in total 862.7. Average age of patients in outpatient care was 51.5 years, there was a significant difference (13.2 years) between men (45.0 years) and women (58.2 years). As regards sex distribution in outpatient care: 46.1% of patients were men, 53.9% were women, in general practice care men accounted for 54.7%, women for 45.3% of patients. Prevalence of injuries to the shoulder and upper arm was 1.11-times higher among men than among women. Prevalence in outpatient care was higher among men, in general practice care it was higher among women. Average age of women was 13.2 years higher than that of men.

Intracranial injuries cause significant burden for healthcare systems and the society. Our aim was to determine the annual health insurance treatment cost of intracranial injury in Hungary. Data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), for the year 2018. Data analysed included annual health insurance costs, patient numbers and cost distribution calculated for age groups and sex. The following cost categories were included into the study: general practice care, home care, in- and outpatient care, medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics, pharmaceuticals and medical aids. Patients with intracranial injury were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision: S06. In 2018, the Hungarian NHIFA spent 2.677 billion Hungarian Forints (HUF) on the treatment of patients with intracranial injury which equals to 9.90 million American Dollars (USD), or 8.39 million Euros (EUR). 64.5% of costs was spent on the treatment of male, 35.5% on female patients. The highest patient numbers were in CT diagnostics: 10,019 men (52.8%), and 8,950 women (47.2%), in total 18,969 patients. Acute inpatient care (84.3% of total health insurance costs in men, 79.3% in women), CT diagnostics (9.6% in men, 13.6% in women) and outpatient care (2.1% in men, 3.0% in women) were the main cost drivers, all other forms of medical care amounted to 4.0% in men and 4.1% in women. Annual health care treatment cost per patient was 172,387 HUF (638 USD/541 EUR) in men and 106,162 HUF (393 USD/333 EUR) in women. Acute inpatient care was the major cost driver. There was minimal difference in major cost drivers between men and women. Average, annual health insurance costs per patient was 62% higher in men than in women.

Injuries to the wrist and hand cause a significant burden. Our aim was to determine the annual health insurance treatment cost of injuries to the wrist and hand in Hungary. Data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), for the year 2018. Data analysed included annual health insurance costs, patient numbers and cost distribution calculated for age groups and sex. The following cost categories were included into the study: general practice care, home care, in- and outpatient care, medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics, pharmaceuticals and medical aids. Patients with injuries to the wrist and hand were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases 10threvision: S60-69. In 2018, the Hungarian NHIFA spent 3.706 billion Hungarian Forints (HUF) on the treatment of patients with injuries to the wrist and hand [13.7 million American Dollars (USD), or 11.6 million Euros (EUR)]. 65.7% of costs was spent on the treatment of male, while 34.3% on female patients. The highest patient numbers were in outpatient care: 160,368 men (56.4%), and 123,789 women (43.6%), in total 284,157 patients. Outpatient care (61.3% of total health insurance costs in men, 71% in women), acute inpatient care (29.2% in men, 18.4% in women) and general practice care (4.5% in men, 4.8% in women) were the main cost drivers, while all other forms of medical care amounted to 5.1% in men and 5.8% in women. Annual health care treatment cost per patient was 15,188 HUF (56 USD/48 EUR) in men and 10,266 HUF (38 USD/22 EUR) in women. Outpatient care was the major cost driver. There was a difference in major cost drivers between men and women. Average, annual health insurance costs per patient was 48% higher in men.

Traumatological injuries affecting the musculoskeletal system significantly influence patients’ quality of life. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological disease burden of injuries to the wrist and hand. Data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), for the year 2018. Data analysed included annual patient numbers, case numbers and prevalence of care utilisation per 100,000 population according to age groups and sex. The following health insurance treatment categories were included into our study: general practice care, home care, in- and outpatient care, medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics, drugs and medical aids. Patients with injuries to the wrist and hand were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases 10threvision: S60-69. The highest national patient numbers were in outpatient care: 160,368 men and 123,789 women, in total 284,157 patients, followed by general practice care (56,350 men and 37,700 women, in total 94,050 patients), and use of pharmaceuticals (13,585 men and 8,770 women, in total 22,355). Based on patient numbers in outpatient care, prevalence in 100,000 among men was 3,432.8 patients, among women 2,424.0 patients, in total 2,906.0. Average age of patients in outpatient care was 37.2 years, there was a significant difference (5.9 years) between men (34.6 years) and women (40.6 years). As regards sex distribution in outpatient care: 62.3% of patients were men, 37.7% were women, regarding the use of pharmaceuticals men accounted for 70.3%, women for 29.7% of patients. Prevalence of injuries to the wrist and hand was 1.42-times higher among men than among women. Average age of women was 5.9 years higher than that of men. Significant difference was found between the sexes in the use of pharmaceuticals.

Our aim was to determine the annual health insurance treatment cost of fracture of skull and facial bones in Hungary. Data were derived from the financial database of the NHIFA, for the year 2018. Data analysed included annual health insurance costs, patient numbers and cost distribution calculated for age groups and sex. The following cost categories were included into the study: general practice care, home care, in- and outpatient care, medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics, pharmaceuticals and medical aids. Patients with fracture of skull and facial bones were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision: S02. In 2018, the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration spent 946.05 million Hungarian Forints (HUF) on the treatment of patients with fracture of skull and facial bones [3.50 million American Dollars (USD), or 2.96 million Euros (EUR)]. 66.9% of costs was spent on the treatment of male, while 33.1% on female patients. The highest patient numbers were in outpatient care: 11,306 men (57.7%), and 8,284 women (42.3%), in total 19,590 patients. Acute inpatient care (78.8% of total health insurance costs in men, 68.6% in women), CT diagnostics (9.9% in men, 14.6% in women) and outpatient care (8.4% in men, 12.1% in women) were the main cost drivers, while all other forms of medical care amounted to 3.0% in men and 4.7% in women. Annual health care treatment cost per patient was 56,007 HUF (207 USD/176 EUR) in men and 37,764 HUF (140 USD/118 EUR) in women. Acute inpatient care was the major cost driver. There was a difference in major cost drivers between men and women. Average, annual health insurance costs per patient was 48% higher in men than in women.

Injuries to the elbow and forearm cause a significant burden. Our aim was to determine the annual health insurance treatment cost of injuries to the elbow and forearm in Hungary. Data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), for the year 2018. Data analysed included annual health insurance costs, patient numbers and cost distribution calculated for age groups and sex. The following cost categories were included into the study: general practice care, home care, in- and outpatient care, medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics, pharmaceuticals and medical aids. Patients with injuries to the elbow and forearm were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases 10threvision: S50-59. In 2018, the Hungarian NHIFA spent 3.869 billion Hungarian Forints (HUF) on the treatment of patients with injuries to the elbow and forearm which equals to 14.3 million American Dollars (USD), or 12.1 million Euros (EUR). 40.8% of costs was spent on the treatment of male, while 59.2% on female patients. The highest patient numbers were in outpatient care: 58,986 men (47.4%), and 65,374 women (52.6%), in total 124,360 patients. Acute inpatient care (53.2% of total health insurance costs in men, 53.2% in women), outpatient care (41% in men, 40.3% in women) and general practice care (2.2% in men, 1.8% in women) were the main cost drivers, while all other forms of medical care amounted to 3.6% in men and 4.5% in women. Annual health care treatment cost per patient was 26,777 HUF (99 USD/84 EUR) in men and 35,034 HUF (130 USD/110 EUR) in women. Acute inpatient care was the major cost driver. Major cost drivers showed similar values in men and women. Average, annual health insurance costs per patient was 31% higher in women.

Femoral neck fractures cause a significant burden for the individual and society. Our aim was to determine the annual health insurance treatment cost of femoral neck fracture in Hungary. Data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), for the year 2018. Data analysed included annual health insurance costs, patient numbers and cost distribution calculated for age groups and sex. The following cost categories were included into the study: general practice care, home care, in- and outpatient care, medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics, pharmaceuticals and medical aids. Patients with femoral neck fracture were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision: S7200. In 2018, the Hungarian NHIFA spent 5.097 billion Hungarian Forints (HUF) on the treatment of patients with femoral neck fracture [18.86 million American Dollars (USD), or 15.99 million Euros (EUR)]. 29.0% of costs was spent on the treatment of male, while 71.0% on female patients. The highest patient numbers were in outpatient care: 4,261 men (31.3%), and 9,338 women (68.7%), in total 13,599 patients. Acute inpatient care (87.4% of total health insurance costs in men, 86.8% in women), chronic inpatient care (5.0% in men, 5.9% in women) and specialist home care (1.8% in men, 1.9% in women) were the main cost drivers, while all other forms of medical care amounted to 5.8% in men and 5.4% in women. Annual health care treatment cost per patient was 346,616 HUF (1,283 USD/1,078 EUR) in men and 387,687 HUF (1,435 USD/1,216 EUR) in women. Acute inpatient care was the major cost driver. There was a no significant difference in major cost drivers between men and women. Average, annual health insurance costs per patient was 12% higher in women than in men.

The clinical significance of intracranial injuries is due to their high prevalence and high mortality. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological disease burden of intracranial injury. Data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), for the year 2018. Data analysed included annual patient numbers, case numbers and prevalence of care utilisation per 100,000 population according to age groups and sex. The following health insurance treatment categories were included into our study: general practice care, home care, in- and outpatient care, medical imaging, laboratory diagnostics, drugs and medical aids. Patients with intracranial injury were identified with the following code of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision: S06. The highest national patient numbers were in CT diagnostics: 10,019 men and 8,950 women, in total 18,969 patients, followed by outpatient care (7,748 men and 6,461 women, in total 14,209 patients), and general practice care (6,529 men and 5,800 women, in total 12,329). Based on patient numbers requiring hospital care in the acute inpatient care, prevalence in 100,000 among men was 91.9 patients, among women 56.2 patients, in total 73.2. Average age of patients of inpatient care was 51.9 years, there was significant difference (5.0 years) between men (49.9 years) and women (54.9 years). As regards sex distribution in the use of CT diagnostics: 52.8% of patients were men, 47.2% were women, in outpatient care men accounted for 54.5%, women for 45.5% of patients. Prevalence of intracranial injury was 1.63-times higher among men than among women. Average age of women was 5.0 years higher than that of men. High patient numbers are attributable to the fact that in the case of patients with intracranial injury CT is the primary diagnostic method.

Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis arecommon diseases resulting in significant health insurance cost and societal burden in many developed countries.The aim of our study was to calculate the annual health insurance treatment cost of phlebitis and thrombophlebitis in Hungary. The data derive from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), the only health care financing agency in Hungary. We analyzed the health insurance treatment cost and the number of patients for the year 2017. The following cost categories were included into the study: out-patient care, laboratory diagnostics, medical imaging, acute in-patient care, chronic in-patient care and drugs. Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis were identified with the following codes of the International Classification of Diseases 10threvision: I80. The number of patients underwent outpatient care was 98,672 (57.0 % women and 43.0 % men) with a mean age of 60.78 years (women: 61.27 years; men: 60.09 years). Number of patients admitted to in-patient hospital care was 15,323 (54.1 % women and 45.9 % men) with a significantly higher mean age of 64.48 years (women: 66.820 years; men: 61.72 years). For the treatment of patients with phlebitis and thrombophlebitis in 2017 the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration spent 5.114 billion Hungarian Forint (HUF) which equals 16.540 million Euros (EUR). Major cost drivers were acute inpatient care (75.3 % of total health insurance costs), pharmaceuticals (12.8 %) and outpatient care (4.2 %). Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis represent a significant burden with outstanding public health importance for the health insurance system and for the society. Frequency of the disease is higher both in outpatient and inpatient care for women. There is a significant difference (3.6 years) in the onset of the disease between women and men in outpatient.

Scoliosis and related medical problems are of public health importance andgenerates a considerable economic burden. The aim of our study was to calculate the annual health insurance treatment cost of scoliosis in Hungary. The data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), the only health care financing agency in Hungary. We analyzed the number of patients and the health insurance treatment cost for the year 2017. The following cost categories were included into the study: out-patient care, laboratory diagnostics, medical imaging, acute in-patient care, chronic in-patient care and drugs. Patients with scoliosis were identified with the following codes of the International Classification of Diseases 10threvision: M41. The number of patients underwent outpatient care was 175,726 (68.1% women and 31.9% men) with a mean age of 42.26 years (women: 45.59 years; men: 35.33 years). Number of patients admitted to in-patient hospital care was 11,249 (76.9% women and 23.15% men) with a mean age of 60.4 years (women: 62.0 years; men: 55.07 years). For the treatment of patients with scoliosis in 2017 the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration spent 2.961 billion Hungarian Forint (HUF) which equals 9.576 million Euros (EUR). Major cost drivers were acute inpatient care (37.8% of total health insurance costs). out-patient care (37.4%) and chronic inpatient care (20.4%). Scoliosisrepresents a significant burden for the Hungarian health insurance system. The disease is more common in women (68-76 %) than men. There is a significant difference (7-10 years) in the onset of the disease between women and men.

Sport related accidents and injuries are a major cause of morbidity in developing and in industrialized countries. The aim of our study was to calculate the annual health insurance treatment cost of injuries to the wrist and hand in Hungary. The data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), the only health care financing agency in Hungary. We analyzed the number of patients and the health insurance treatment cost for the year 2018. The following cost categories were included into the study: out-patient care, laboratory diagnostics, medical imaging, acute in-patient care, chronic in-patient care and drugs. Patients with injuries to the wrist and hand were identified with the following codes of the International Classification of Diseases 10threvision: S60-S69. The number of patients admitted to inpatient care was 12,439 (68.6 % men and 31.4 % women) with a mean age of 44.24 years (men: 41.0 years; women: 51.29 years). Number of patients underwent out-patient hospital care was 522,736 (58.3 % men and 41.7 % women and) with a mean age of 36.73 years (men: 34.61 years; women: 39.68 years). For the treatment of patients with injuries to the wrist and hand in 2018 the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration spent 7.058 billion Hungarian Forint (HUF) which equals 22.135 million Euros (EUR) or 26.117 million American Dollars (USD). Major cost drivers were acute inpatient care (64.9 % of total health insurance costs), outpatient care (28.2 %)and medical imaging (5.7 %). Injuries to the wrist and hand represent a significant burden for the Hungarian health insurance system. The disease is equally common in men compared to women. There is a significant difference (5-10 years) in the onset of the disease between women and men.

Sport injuries are a major cause of morbidity in developing and in industrialized regions. The aim of our study was to calculate the annual health insurance treatment cost of injuries to the elbow and forearm in Hungary. The data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), the only health care financing agency in Hungary. We analyzed the number of patients and the health insurance treatment cost for the year 2018. The following cost categories were included into the study: out-patient care, laboratory diagnostics, medical imaging, acute in-patient care, chronic in-patient care and drugs. Patients with injuries to the elbow and forearm were identified with the following codes of the International Classification of Diseases 10threvision: S50-S59. The number of patients admitted to inpatient care was 17,750 (44.1 % men and 55.9 % women) with a mean age of 49.74 years (men: 38.62 years; women: 58.50 years). Number of patients underwent out-patient hospital care was 259,593 (44.9 % men and 55.1 % women and) with a mean age of 43.31 years (men: 36.53 years; women: 49.45 years). For the treatment of patients with injuries to the elbow and forearmin 2018 the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration spent 9.816 billion Hungarian Forint (HUF) which equals 30.784 million Euros (EUR) or 36.322 million American Dollars (USD). Major cost drivers were acute inpatient care (80.7 % of total health insurance costs), outpatient care (13.9 %)and medical imaging (3.5 %). Injuries to the elbow and forearmrepresent a significant burden for the Hungarian health insurance system. The disease is slightly common in women. There is a significant difference (13-19 years) in the onset of the disease between women and men.

Malignant melanoma of skin is major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing and in industrialized regions. The aim of our study was to calculate the annual health insurance treatment cost of malignant melanoma of skin in Hungary. The data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), the only health care financing agency in Hungary. We analyzed the number of patients and the health insurance treatment cost for the year 2018. The following cost categories were included into the study: out-patient care, laboratory diagnostics, medical imaging, acute in-patient care, chronic in-patient care and drugs. Patients with malignant melanoma of skinwere identified with the following codes of the International Classification of Diseases 10threvision: C43. The number of patients admitted to inpatient care was 3,394 (52.0% men and 48.0% women) with a mean age of 63.38 years (men: 64.16 years; women: 62.53 years). Number of patients underwent out-patient hospital care was 25,135 (45.3% men and 54.7% women and) with a mean age of 61.46 years (men: 63.22 years; women: 60.01 years). For the treatment of patients with malignant melanoma of skinin 2018 the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration spent 2.692 billion Hungarian Forint (HUF) which equals 8.444 million Euros (EUR) or 9.963 million American Dollars (USD). Major cost drivers were acute inpatient care (69.9% of total health insurance costs)out-patient care (12.7%) and pharmaceuticals (12.3%). Malignant melanoma of skinrepresents a significant burden for the Hungarian health insurance system. The disease is equally common in women and men. There is not a significant difference (1-3 years) in the onset of the disease between women and men.

Sport and related injuries are a major cause of morbidity in developing and in industrialized regions. The aim of our study was to calculate the annual health insurance treatment cost of injuries to the knee and lower leg in Hungary. The data were derived from the financial database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), the only health care financing agency in Hungary. We analyzed the number of patients and the health insurance treatment cost for the year 2018. The following cost categories were included into the study: out-patient care, laboratory diagnostics, medical imaging, acute in-patient care, chronic in-patient care and drugs. Patients with injuries to the knee and lower leg were identified with the following codes of the International Classification of Diseases 10threvision: S80-S89. The number of patients admitted to inpatient care was 29,652 (52.1% men and 47.9% women) with a mean age of 48.92 years (men: 43.23 years; women: 55.12 years). Number of patients underwent out-patient hospital care was 419,364 (50.2% men and 49.8 % women and) with a mean age of 44.80 years (men: 40.03 years; women: 49.62 years). For the treatment of patients with injuries to the knee and lower leg in 2018 the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration spent 22.083 billion Hungarian Forint (HUF) which equals 69.255 million Euros (EUR) or 81.715 million American Dollars (USD). Major cost drivers were acute inpatient care (86.5% of total health insurance costs), outpatient care (8.1%) and chronic inpatient care (2.5%). Injuries to the knee and lower leg represent a significant burden for the Hungarian health insurance system. The disease is equally common in women and men. There is a significant difference (9-11 years) in the onset of the disease between women and men.