The current study aims to understand how parental and adolescent beliefs related to academic achievement and motivation can influence areas such as perceived pressure and perspectives of future career goals. Although previous research has focused on experiences related to academic motivation and achievement among adolescents, there are limited studies prioritizing both parent and adolescent perceptions. Qualitative interviews among seven Asian American adolescent-mother dyads were conducted in the United States of America, with interviews facilitated separately for adolescents and mothers. The study included seven adolescent participants from grades 9 to 12, consisting of five females and two males. All were academically driven and highly involved in extracurricular and co-curricular activities. Utilizing thematic analysis, four main themes were identified: (a) Adolescents’ Perceived Pressure for High Achievement, (b) Youth Involvement in Extracurricular Activities, (c) Parent-Child Perspectives of Career Development, and (d) Family Values. Results indicated that perceptions of pressure were different among mother-adolescent dyads, and parental approaches to achievement motivation were embedded within family values. This likely minimized adolescent resentment and strengthened family connections. The findings highlight the critical role of facilitating healthy parent-child relationships and the importance of using a culturally situated approach when working with diverse families.

Nonresidential fathers are often overlooked in parenting research. The present study aims to bridge this gap by examining whether heavy paternal drinking, paternal physical assault and psychological aggression, and parenting stress reported by nonresidential fathers during preadolescence predicts delinquency across the transition to adolescence. Data from nonresidential fathers and their children were utilized from waves 5 and 6 of the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), corresponding with children being in preadolescence (age9) and mid-adolescence (age15). Direct and indirect effects between heavy paternal drinking, paternal physical assault and psychological aggression, and parenting stress on adolescent delinquency were tested, as was mediation through preadolescent delinquency. Paternal heavy drinking during preadolescence predicted youth delinquency directly both concurrently and longitudinally. Additionally, paternal heavy drinking, physical assault, and psychological aggression enacted during preadolescence predicted delinquency at age 15, indirectly through preadolescence delinquency. Implications, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.

Using a sample of middle-aged and older adults, this research explores associations between generativity and two key risk factors for suicide: thwarted belonging (T.B.) and perceived burdensomeness (P.B.). These variables are typically studied as predictors of suicide; the current study is unique in examining their psychosocial correlates. Erikson described, generativity as a psychosocial construct that characterizes adult well-being in mid-life, conceptualized as the sense one has successfully guided and contributed to the younger generation through mentoring. Using the Midlife in the United States Survey (MIDUS), the current analyses indicate that generativity is associated with lower levels of P.B. and T.B., even after accounting for measures of hopelessness, depressive symptoms, financial stability, perceived neighborhood quality, chronic health conditions, and respondent's demographic characteristics including gender and age. Results are discussed in terms of applications for suicide-risk prevention, and with regard to the promotion of positive psychosocial development across the lifespan.

To address a gap in the literature regarding the development of youth disclosure across the transition to adolescence, the current research uses a cohort-sequential approach to study youth disclosure from middle childhood through adolescence. Longitudinal data from three cohorts of parents were utilized (N = 1359; children at T1 were in grades 2 [M = 8.00 years, SD = 0.57 years, 45% female], 4 [M = 10.12 years, SD = 0.60 years, 45% female], and 9 [M = 15.19 years, SD = 0.57 years, 48% female]). Parents were assessed annually over a 3-year time period. The focal analyses explored contemporaneous associations between characteristics of the parent-youth relationship (specifically, parental rejection and parental consistent discipline) and youth disclosure after accounting for person-specific trajectories of disclosure. Associations of gender, age, and socioeconomic status with disclosure were also assessed. Regarding trajectories of youth disclosure, results indicate that youth disclose less information to their parents about their daily lives as they get older; this trend was consistent across gender and socioeconomic status. In terms of associations with youth disclosure, when parents provided more consistent discipline or engaged in less rejection of their child, youth disclosure increased, even after accounting for their own trajectory of disclosure across time. In addition, the association of consistent discipline with youth disclosure became stronger with increased youth age. Results are discussed in terms of implications for understanding youth autonomy development, and the dyadic and developmental impact of parenting behaviors over time.

The current study examines teacher trainees' perceptions of their preparation in helping students address specific challenging life events (CLE) of bullying, death, and family separation. 121 pre-service teachers in the United States completed a survey and slightly under half reported having no experience with addressing children's CLEs in their pre-graduation employment or other formal training. Participants felt moderately prepared to address bullying and less prepared to address death of a loved one or family separation. Participants' proposed responses varied based on the type of CLE; some gender and age differences also emerged. Results highlight the need for training pre-service teachers responding to students' CLEs, based on feelings of unpreparedness and the frequency of CLEs children experience yearly.

In a large, ethnically diverse sample of college-attending emerging adults (N = 693; ages 18–29), the current study examines associations between self-efficacy and individual adjustment (academic satisfaction, depressive symptoms, subjective physical health, and loneliness), directly and indirectly through perceived stress. Moderated mediation effects by sex, ethnicity, school year, and first-generation status were also explored. Using PROCESS, results show that self-efficacy was directly related to adjustment, and indirectly related through lower stress. Sex moderated the associations between self-efficacy and stress as well as stress and depressive symptoms; the relations were stronger in women. School year moderated how stress was associated with academic satisfaction in that the negative association was not found among the fourth-year students, but in all other peers. First-generation status moderated the negative association of self-efficacy and stress, with it being greater for first-generation college students compared to their peers. In addition, self-efficacy was positively related to academic satisfaction for first-generation students, but no relation was found for other students.

The current study examines associations between mindful parenting, family support, and youth information management practices (disclosure, lying, and secrecy) in a diverse sample of college-attending emerging adults (n = 304). Participants were recruited through college classes, and students completed surveys in classrooms or in nearby campus spaces. Data were analyzed to assess for the potential interactive implications of parental mindfulness and support. Results indicate that both parenting variables are important to consider when conceptualizing emerging adults’ information management. Youth who reported the highest levels of parental mindfulness and support also disclosed the most to their parents about their daily activities. In contrast, youth who reported the lowest levels of mindfulness and support lied the most to their parents. Low support was also associated with increased secrecy. Results suggest that parent-youth relationships continue to be important through the emerging adult developmental period, especially in terms of promoting communication practices that can help youth adjust to their increasingly complex worlds.

Grounded in Resilience Theory (Masten et al., 1990; Walsh, 1996; Walsh, 2002; Walsh, 2003) with a specific focus on parental resilience (Gavidia-Payne et al., 2015), this qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of low-income Female adult single parent (FASP) families. Each family had at least one adolescent aged 11 through 21 enrolled in special education classes and engaging in risk behaviors. Two central research questions were addressed. The first focused on the lived experiences of FASP and the second focused on their perspectives on how schools can enhance their support. Data were collected through face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Three major themes emerged: Life adjustment, The child is the priority, and Perseverance revealing their experience to be one of resilience. Participants also shared and provided insight on their perspectives regarding how schools can better support families. Findings revealed limited parent-school collaboration and highlight the need for further research with this population in the context of resilience. Suggestions for schools and communities working with such families are discussed.

The purpose of the present study was to examine links between thinking about criminal behavior and committing criminal behavior This research investigated youth offenders' participation in aggravated and simple assault and whether their involvement was associated with different aspects of social thinking (i.e., egocentric and victim blaming biases, ability to empathize, and beliefs about the legitimacy of creating laws prohibiting criminal behaviors). We also examined the impact of gender in these associations. The participants were 251 youth offenders (158 males; 93 females) who were incarcerated in a juvenile center. There were several consistent and predictable results based on gender. For example, females, in comparison to males, reported that it was legitimate to create laws prohibiting violent and non-violent behaviors, and displayed more dimensions of empathy than males. There were also findings that were consistent across gender. For instance, empathic youth were more likely to believe in the legitimacy of the government to create laws. Results also indicated that youth were at the greatest risk for committing aggravated assault when they believed it unacceptable for the government to create laws and their cognitive distortion was high. In contrast, youth who believed it relatively acceptable for the government to make laws showed a lower likelihood of committing aggravated assault, even when cognitive distortion was high. Thus, the current data suggest that beliefs about the legitimacy of creating law appears to be stronger in predicting criminal behavior than cognitive distortion alone.

Siblings of children with a chronic illness are among the close family members impacted by childhood chronic illness. Family roles, routines, and functioning are adjusted to fit the needs of the child and family throughout the course of the illness. Empirical articles regarding adjustment of healthy siblings of children with chronic illnesses ages 0 to 17 years, published in 2000 to 2019 were searched on PsycInfo, PubMed, and Medline using the keywords “sibling adjustment,” “sibling chronic,” and “sibling illness.” Through thematic synthesis, four broad topics emerged concerning sibling adjustment to chronic illness: (a) experiences, (b) psychosocial adjustment, (c) coping, and (d) communication. Implications for family nursing and family health practitioners and future research directions are presented.

Chapter 33 Understanding the Associations Between Bullying, Suicide, and Self-Harm John F. Gunn III, John F. Gunn IIISearch for more papers by this authorSara E. Goldstein, Sara E. GoldsteinSearch for more papers by this author John F. Gunn III, John F. Gunn IIISearch for more papers by this authorSara E. Goldstein, Sara E. GoldsteinSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Peter K. Smith, Peter K. SmithSearch for more papers by this authorJames O’Higgins Norman, James O’Higgins NormanSearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 March 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118482650.ch33 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Bullying: A Comprehensive and International Review of Research and Intervention RelatedInformation

Objectives: We explored the role of particular sources of social support (friends, romantic partners, family) as moderators and mediators in the associations between perceived stress and individual well-being (loneliness, depressive symptoms, and self-rated physical health). We also tested the possible moderating effect of gender to ascertain whether women and men are differentially impacted by social support's diverse sources. Method: Participants were 163 Latina/o emerging adults attending college (85% women; M-age = 20.2 years, range: 18-25). Results: Holding perceived stress constant, friend support was negatively associated with loneliness, romantic partner support was negatively related to depressive symptoms, and family support was positively associated with self-rated physical health. Friend or romantic partner support moderated the relationships between perceived stress and loneliness, and self-rated physical health, but not depressive symptoms. Perceived stress and loneliness were indirectly and positively associated through lower friends and romantic partner supports, perceived stress and depressive symptoms were indirectly and positively related through lower romantic partner support, and perceived stress and self-rated physical health were related indirectly and negatively through lower family support. Gender moderated the relationships between family and friend support and self-rated physical health, and between friend support and depressive symptoms. Particular sources of support mediated the associations of perceived stress with well-being. Conclusions: Results highlight how social support helps Latina/o youth cope with stress and mitigate challenges associated with their college transition. Social support implications for physical and psychological health differ for male and female Latina/o college-attending emerging adults.

The present study explores concurrent relations between social support, gender, susceptibility to peer influence, and peer-based aggression and harassment in a socioeconomically and racially diverse sample of 774 seventh and eighth grade students. Results indicate that students perceiving lower support from their family or school were relatively more likely to be highly susceptible to peer influence, and to have friends who they believed were also highly susceptible to peer influence. Further, higher susceptibility to peer influence was associated with increased involvement in relational aggression and sexual harassment, both as a perpetrator and as a victim. Gender moderation effects were also found. The negative association of school support and susceptibility to peer influence was found greater in girls than boys. Girls who were highly susceptible to peer influence, or who had friends who were highly susceptible, had a relatively greater risk for involvement in relational aggression and sexual harassment, as compared with boys. Implications of these results for educators and school-based mental health professionals are discussed, and suggestions for future research are offered.

Information processing theory stipulates generally that the human mind functions and makes decisions in a manner similar to a computer: Inputs accrue from the social environment and the emotion reactivity system and are subsequently processed, leading ultimately to behavioral outputs. In the context of media psychology—how media can activate, shape, and sustain habitual patterns of human behavior—information processing theories offer a well‐elaborated framework for explaining how the unidirectional and transactional inputs of the media environment can lead to the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral outputs of the individual. This entry presents an overview of the research underpinning information processing theoretical approaches to understanding development and behavior, and delineates how these approaches can account for the role of media in socialization and social interaction over time.

The role of bullying victimization in suicide has been discussed at length in the literature. Additionally, it is an association that has gained widespread attention in media, with shows like 13 Reasons Why receiving a great deal of attention. However, just how bullying victimization can contribute to suicidal thoughts is less understood. The present study explores two theoretical frameworks for suicide within the context of bullying victimization: the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide (IPTS) and the social pain model (SPM). In a sample of college students (N = 252), we explored three models: (1) a model drawn from the SPM, (2) a model drawn from the IPTS, and (3) a combined model informed from model 1 and 2. The combined model showed greater support for the IPTS in understanding the bullying-suicide link—though this support was partly attenuated by the introduction of depressive and anxiety symptoms as a control. The findings highlight the role of perceived burdensomeness, hopelessness, and depressive and anxiety symptoms in the experience of suicidal thoughts. Further work is needed to expand upon the role of bullying in theoretical frameworks for suicide.

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of widely publicized suicides on the Werther and Papageno Effects using internet search trends. A list of widely publicized suicides from 2010 through 2018 was compiled along with dates of death for each of these individuals. Google.com/trends data were then collected for searches for “how to suicide” and “suicide prevention” for 14 days prior to a widely publicized suicide/14 days after a widely publicized suicide and 7 days prior to a widely publicized suicide/7 days after a widely publicized suicide. Comparisons were then made between these time periods for “how to suicide” and “suicide prevention.” Some celebrities, such as Robin Williams (2014) and Aaron Hernandez (2017) were associated with increased searches. However, for many there was no increase in search trends. Limited support was found for the impact of widely publicized suicides on internet search trends with one case supporting a Werther Effect and one case supporting a Papageno Effect. The finding that only some celebrities were associated with increased searches may be a byproduct of the impact of celebrity status on these effects, with more prominent celebrities having the greatest impact.

This study examined the roles of relationship-specific social support and gender in the associations between perceived stress and well-being. Three sources of support (family, friends, and romantic partners) and three well-being indicators (loneliness, depressive symptoms, and physical health) were assessed in 628 young adults attending college (M age = 19.72; range of 18–24). Stress directly predicted all well-being indicators, and indirectly predicted well-being through social support in relationship-specific ways. Family support mediated the relationship between stress and physical health, friend support mediated the association between stress and loneliness, and romantic partner support mediated the relationships of stress with both loneliness and depressive symptoms. With regard to loneliness and physical health, women were more strongly impacted when they had less support from friends.

BackgroundThis study examines the relationship between three different types of social connectivity and suicidal thoughts and behaviors.MethodsUsing the Add Health dataset, three domains of social connection were explored: parental connection, school connection, and social integration. Logistic regression was used to examine whether changes over time in connectedness predicted suicidal thoughts and behavior.ResultsYouth whose difference scores on social integration and parental connectedness increased were less likely to experience suicidal ideation. Increases in difference scores for perceived school connectedness protected youth who reported ideation from engaging in a suicide attempt.ConclusionsPerceptions of social connection are key factors in understanding adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors. It is important to consider social connection across different relationship contexts.

This review of the literature examines the problem of suicide and bullying from a developmental perspective with a focus on the unique characteristics of adolescence that may contribute to the bullying-suicide link. Adolescence is a time of peak physical health, yet can be a period of risky behavior and heightened emotionality. In this literature review, it is argued that a number of developmental factors leave adolescents especially vulnerable to suicidal behavior following exposure to bullying. This review highlights the importance of developmental factors in understanding the bullying-suicide link during adolescence. Adolescence, with an increase in emotionality, risk-taking, and an increased focus on peer relationships, is an at-risk period for the development of suicidality following exposure to bullying. Also highlighted are gender differences, special challenges facing LGBTQ adolescents, and recommendations for intervention and prevention.