In the modern healthcare, the need for efficient, secure, and interoperable health information systems is paramount. This study proposes a novel Ethereum-based decentralized health information system designed to enhance data integration, security, and interoperability across various healthcare institutions. The proposed model leverages blockchain technology, specifically Ethereum, to create a distributed and immutable ledger that ensures the integrity and confidentiality of patient data. Through rigorous testing and comparison with nine existing models, the proposed system demonstrated superior performance in key areas, including accuracy, transaction throughput, latency, and data integrity. The proposed model achieved an average accuracy of 89.63%, outperforming traditional centralized systems and other blockchain-based models. Additionally, the model exhibited lower latency and higher transaction throughput, making it highly efficient in real-time data processing scenarios. The implementation of smart contracts further strengthened data privacy by automating access control and consent management, ensuring that only authorized entities could access sensitive health information. The results indicate that the proposed Ethereum-based model offers a robust and scalable solution for the challenges associated with decentralized health information systems, paving the way for more secure and efficient healthcare data management.

In modern days, health monitoring plays a vital role in monitoring the patients' health. It is advised that hospitals integrate health monitoring systems into their existing medical infrastructure so that doctors can monitor the vital signs of their patients. The Internet of Things (IoT), recently undergone technological improvements, which interconnects everything to one another and subsequently regarded as new technology. The data taken from the patient needs internet connections to transmit, but not all patients can access good internet connectivity. With these modern technologies, the healthcare sector improves on rapidly with new innovations. With the help of edge technologies like wearables, wireless networks, and other remote instruments, health technologists and professionals have created a great, affordable healthcare monitoring system for people dealing with a variety of conditions. IoT based health monitoring systems are used to collect and exchange patient data from hospital sensors. Here, this study use temperature sensor, pulse sensor, tilt sensor and flex sensors. All these sensors are combined in a single kit of Raspberry pi Pico W. When an input is drawn from the patients all the needed data will be obtained by using these sensors. Specially it also be used for bedridden patients which help in monitoring their movement.

The concerned workers ensure that vehicles are parked in the appropriate spaces. Employees must repeatedly poll their coworkers via personal surveys or the company's internal phone system to ensure that everything is correct. If there is an available parking space, the driver will manually move the vehicle there, regardless of any obstacles. If there is no available space, the car must return and try again later. The proposed intelligent parking system, if implemented, would solve all parking problems. This will take less time and fuel than other options. Intelligent parking solutions will fundamentally alter automobile-centric cities. It may make parking more convenient by bringing order to the chaos. People are always concerned that finding a parking spot will take too long, particularly in densely populated cities. This study focuses on developing a new system in which residents in high-traffic areas can earn extra money by renting out their unused parking spaces to those in need. This strategy could help malls to manage parking more effectively during peak shopping hours. A customer can save time by reserving a parking space ahead of time.

This dissertation aims to reuse the cold water which will initially present inside the water heater and reduce its wastage by sending it back to the water tank. The water heater temperature could be customized based on the number of users either manually or in an automated way using Internet of Things (IoT) techniques. The system is designed and operated using open-source hardware and an IoT platform. The smart solar water heater with IoT capabilities continuously monitors the tank level, temperature, and pH level, and the data collected by the IoT node is uploaded/published to ThingSpeak. The IoT cloud analyses the sensor value and instructs the control unit of the smart solar system. The IoT enabled solar water heating system efficiency is high for smart homes and Industry 4.0. The main advantages of this model include handling multiple users, reducing the wastage of cold water, and purifying the water based on TDS level and this model aims to make it possible to control the proposed system from anywhere and at any time. The highest efficiency of the respective solar water heater could be well utilized.

Food safety is a primary concern across all global platforms, and food storage is a crucial and essential part of management. This clarifies that food warehousing should be fully automated or has some management system. Good food storage plays a vital role in food security, which is affected by food waste and food loss. As a result, it is critical to identify and remove microbial contamination before it spreads to other items. To end that, we propose an edge computing-enabled intelligent warehouse system with an ESP32 microcontroller and micropython. The food commodities studied in the other papers were fish, dairy, fresh food products, crop-field cucumber, seafood, wine, and pre-packaged food. The various gas sensors are used to detect microbial growth, food decay, and shelf life. Humidity and temperature sensors are employed to monitor the warehouse environment, along with RFID technology to track food items. Multiple nodes accessible via Telegram and dashboard notifications will be put in the building to enable law enforcement collaboration. These nodes will exchange information on the building's structure. Compared to the traditional warehouse management system, the proposed edge computing-enabled IoT warehouse shelves reduce waste and contamination in fruit and vegetable chambers. Designs are experimented with different sets of fruits and vegetables. Continuous live monitoring and an alert system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed innovative framework compared with an existing management system.

Working women must be protected from assault in many parts of the world. A smart ID card based on the Internet of Things (IoT) could make female workers safer and be one solution to this problem. Because of the built-in sensors and connectivity components, this ID card will be able to sense and respond to its surroundings. If the sensors detect something unusual, such as a sudden movement or a loud noise, they will send a signal to the system. Following the completion of the data analysis, the system takes any necessary actions, such as sending alerts to security personnel or notifying on-call personnel. The proposed system will provide the user with access to an emergency panic button. The system’s GPS component will track the user’s location and send alerts to the appropriate parties. There will also be a cloud-based monitoring system with the proposed approach. This allows the employer or loved ones of the worker to track the worker’s whereabouts and activities in real time. The system will analyze the data using machine learning techniques, and the results will reveal the worker’s behavior and level of safety. A smart ID card linked to the Internet of Things (IoT) could help women work in safer environments. The proposed technology would enable real-time monitoring, predictive alarms, and data analysis. All of these precautions will help ensure female employees’ safety and avoid unpleasant situations.

Nowadays, modern industries generate their energy by using renewable solar. The rapid increase in photovoltaic (PV) module installations provides a better energy conversion, but their life cycle is a major concern. This research paper focuses on the recycling process for solar PV modules using the Internet of Things in industries. The smart bin with the Internet of Things (IoT) utilizes a machine learning approach to collect solar waste. The proposed smart bin uses k-Nearest Neighbor’s algorithm (k-NN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), a network-based learning algorithm. These algorithms are useful in updating the level of the bin via alert messages. It also helps in identifying the type of waste material. The k-NN algorithm provides 83% accuracy in predicting the bin level in a real-time testing environment. The smart dust bin classifies the waste materials, and notifies its level to the collection center through the IoT platform when the level reaches a prescribed threshold, the signal corresponding to the level is passed to the common waste collection unit. IoT is connected to Cloud Server. It helps to predict the level of the smart bin. Delay is introduced in the order of 3–8 s while the alert message is sent to the common waste collection unit. The system monitors the smart bin levels and sends the notifications to alert and initiate the collection unit. Real-time mobile app monitors the bin’s level and location. The cloud IoT analytics analyze the solar e-waste in a different locations in industries.The proposed system works better and provides accurate results by using machine learning approach.

The origin of virus has been proposed for a large number of these sicknesses henceforth it is needed to concentrate on the significance of scanning for new infections. All the corona infections affect the respiratory tract, that is, respiratory sicknesses called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS-CoV), where an aggregate of six animal groups were included for illness to patients. The early stage side effects were diarrhea, nausea and severe fever however may not be prime side effects of this disease. A few patients may experience the ill effects of migraines (headache) or hemoptysis and even generally asymptomatic. Cleanliness and well-being successfully diminish the transmission of respiratory diseases. Different sorts of biocidal or medical agents, for example, alcohols, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or benzalkonium chloride were utilized all over the world for sanitization. Isolate the individuals having fundamental manifestations and/or corona-positive patients in isolation wards or medical clinics.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has made a revolution in all the fields of human life by making the work be smart and effective. The IoT devices like sensors, controller, Wi-Fi module and the cloud play a significant part in smart farming which acquires yield in the field of farming and lessens the wastage. The goal of this paper is to propose the IoT based framework for the farmers by analyzing the live information like (moisture, temperature) in the cloud. The agrarian device is equipped with Arduino innovation and can be received through web servers with different sensors and live information transmissions through Thingsspeak.com. The smart agriculture stick is proposed through this paper which is integrated with controller, sensor and live data that can be monitored through the cloud.

In the present situation, most of the patients suffered from pandemic diseases such as COVID-19, Ebola, etc. The infected people might have an incubation period of 1–14 days before creating any symptoms. The most widely recognized symptoms of coronavirus illness are high fever, breathing problem, and dry cough. Most of the patients (about 80%) recover from the illness without developing any major symptoms. This disease may be complicated rarely since it is more critical for aged people and even become fatal. The people with other major health problems, for example, asthma, diabetes, obesity, or heart disease might be progressively helpless against getting seriously sick. They lost their life before diagnosing specific medical problems. Since it requires huge investment in maintenance, diagnosis as well as treatment, and also it consumes time to provide a test as well as to investigate the patients’ past clinical history. Numerous researches were undergone all over the world to smart kit the patients’ past clinical records were stored in IoT cloud database. The security and privacy medical record of the patients is protected. This cloud access database provides the past medical history to the healthcare professionals to rescue the patient from a serious illness. Also, the current health status of the pandemic patients is continuously monitored through wireless telemetry technique Message Queue Telemetry Transport Protocol (MQTT). Based on the patient’s live status, the health specialists suggest the medicine and/or recommend the precaution steps and provide the treatment effectively without direct contact with them.

A high precision 10-bit successive approximation register analog to digital converter (ADC) designed and implemented in 32nm CNTFET process technology at the supply of 0.6V, with 73.24 dB SNDR at a sampling rate of 640 MS/s with the average power consumption of 120.2 mu W for the Internet of things node. The key components in CNTFET SAR ADCs are binary scaled charge redistribution digital to analog converter using MOS capacitors, CNTFET based dynamic latch comparator and simple SAR digital code error correction logic. These techniques are used to increase the sampling rate and precision while ensuring the linearity, power consumption and noise level are within the limit. The proposed architecture has high scalability to CNTFET technology and also has higher energy efficiency. We compared the results of CNTFET based SAR ADC with other known architectures and confirm that this proposed SAR ADC can provide higher precision, power efficiency to the Internet of things node.

More than 60 percent of the population in the India, agriculture as the primary sector occupation. In recent years, due increase in labor shortage interest has grown for the development of the autonomous vehicles like robots in the agriculture. An robot called agribot have been designed for agricultural purposes. It is designed to minimize the labor of farmers in addition to increasing the speed and accuracy of the work. It performs the elementary functions involved in farming i.e. spraying of pesticide, sowing of seeds, and so on. Spraying pesticides especially important for the workers in the area of potentially harmful for the safety and health of the workers. This is especially important for the workers in the area of potentially harmful for the safety and health of the workers. The Proposed system aims at designing multipurpose autonomous agricultural robotic vehicle which can be controlled through IoT for seeding and spraying of pesticides. These robots are used to reduce human intervention, ensuring high yield and efficient utilization of resources. KeywordsIoT, Agribot, Sprayer, Pesticides

At recent years whiteboard has become a crucial element at almost every educational institute.They are large in size, for that reason it is very time consuming and tedious process to erase the writings from the board with duster manually.It breaks concentration of both lecturers and listeners.Automatic Whiteboard Cleaner can solve these problems.Automatic whiteboard cleaner will reduce the time and also the effort.This paper represents the design and construction of automatic whiteboard cleaner.The system consists of Arduino, relay, dc gear motor, supports and a cleaner bar to give that an automation figure.When the switch is on, it moves across the full width of the board and its direction is reversed automatically in order to clean the board.So, this "Automatic Whiteboard Cleaner" is a great replacement of "duster" and it can be suggested to use this to reduce the effort of the board user as well as to introduce the classroom with an automation system.

Most Sensor nodes produce low voltage analog signals and these signals to be amplified and fed to an ADC to produce digital signals. The important parameters to consider are Linearity, accuracy and dither. as ADC and DAC had to be incorporated in controller itself. So ADCs architectures are needed to exploit benefits of high speed switching and shrinking technology CMOS Process. Wireless sensor networks needs fast conversion and less hardware complexity

In modern digital VLSI circuits, the clock system is composed of flip-flops. The Clustered voltage scaling (CVS) is an effective way to reduce power dissipation and improve the performance in digital integrated circuits. Level converting flip-flops (LCFF) are the critical elements in the CVS scheme. And then low power level-converting flip-flop with a conditional clock technique (CC-LCFF) has been designed and the circuit is simulated in 90nm CMOS technology on Mentor Graphics tool. Along this one the clock signal will be conditionally blocked when the input data don’t make any transition, and then the internal node redundant transitions are eliminated and the total power dissipation is decreased. But the CC-LCFF design suffers from issues like long discharge path and some extra internal node switching activity. Due to this, less quantity of power is dissipated in level converting flip-flop with a conditional clock technique. To further shorten the power dissipation, a Conditional Pulse-Enhancement technique and conditional discharge technique is proposed in CCER-LCFF. The proposed techniques also reduce the length of the discharge path and internal nodes switching activity in LCFF. It will be designed in 90nm CMOS technology on Mentor Graphics tool for evaluating the power dissipated and the outcomes are compared with an existing blueprint.

In this paper, we present a performance comparison of dynamic comparators. As delay is directly correlated with the submicron scaling, we investigate the performance of the above comparators in terms of delay and Power-Delay Product (PDP). PDP gives the average energy dissipated by the comparator for a single comparison. Simulation results using Tanner EDA revealed better performance of High Speed Dynamic Comparator (HSDC) compared to conventional clocked comparators in 180nm, 250nm and 350nm technologies. Implementation results reveal that high speed dynamic comparator has energy dissipation compared to the best of the designs used for comparison in 180nm technology, when operated at 50 MHz.