Geniposide (GE), a bioactive compound extracted from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, has attracted significant attention for its hepatoprotective therapeutic applications. Although GE displays a protective effect on treating intrahepatic cholestasis (IC), the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of GE in treating IC by an integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics. Firstly, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of GE in α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced IC rats by examining biochemical indices, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress levels. Secondly, by transcriptomics and serum metabolomics, we identified differentially expressed genes and metabolites, revealing phenotype-related metabolic pathways and gene functions. Lastly, we screened the core targets of GE in the treatment of IC by integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic data and validated these targets using western blotting. The results indicated that GE improved serum indexes and alleviated inflammation reactions and oxidative stress in the liver. The transcriptomics analysis revealed 739 differentially expressed genes after GE treatment, mainly enriched in retinol metabolism, steroid hormone synthesis, PPAR signal transduction, bile secretion metabolism, and other pathways. The metabolomics analysis identified 98 differential metabolites and 10 metabolic pathways. By constructing a “genes-targets-pathways-compounds” network, we identified two pathways: the bile secretion pathway and the glutathione pathway. Within these pathways, we discovered nine crucial targets that were subsequently validated through western blotting. The results revealed that the GE group significantly increased the expression of ABCG5, NCEH1, OAT3, and GST, compared with the ANIT group. We speculate that GE has a therapeutic effect on IC by modulating the bile secretion pathway and the glutathione pathway and regulating the expression of ABCG5, NCEH1, OAT3, and GST.

No systematic research has been reported on the correlation between different ecological factors and the effective component content,flower,and leaf traits of Epimedium pubescens.In this study,21 kinds of E.pubescens in different regions were investigated,and the content of two effective components of icariin(I)and Epimedin C(C),as well as six leaf traits and 12 flower traits were determined.The correlation between 11 ecological factors and the above traits in different regions for five consecutive years was explored.The results showed that no significant correlation was observed between the ecological factors and the total content of two effective components(I+C)of E.pubescens.Latitude and temperature(including annual average temperature,annual average minimum temperature,and soil temperature of each soil layer)were significantly positively and negatively correlated with the ratio of the content of the two effective components(C/I)(P<0.01),respectively.There was a significant correlation between ecological factors and flower traits,and the annual average soil temperature of each soil layer,annual average temperature,and annual average minimum temperature were significantly correlated with most flower traits in multiple years(P<0.01).However,a weak correlation between ecological factors and leaf traits was detected.A significant positive correlation of the annual average soil temperature of each soil layer and annual average humidity(P<0.01)with the width of nutrient leaf in only a few years was detected.Therefore,it was concluded that the total content of effective components of E.pubescens was determined by genetics,with a slight influence of ecological factors.The annual average temperature,annual average minimum temperature,and soil temperature of each soil layer were the ecological factors that had the most significant impact on flower traits,which showed significant differences in different regions,and similar results were not found in leaf traits.Overall,this study systematically conducted a correlation analysis between ecological factors and the effective components,as well as flower and leaf traits,providing guidance for the quality improvement,introduction,and domestication of E.pubescens.

IntroductionCistanche salsa (C.A.Mey.) G. Beck is a perennial holoparasitic herb recognized for its medicinal properties, particularly in kidney-tonifying and laxative treatments. Despite its therapeutic potential, little is known about the endophyte communities inhabiting C. salsa and its host plants, and how these microorganisms may impact the production and accumulation of metabolites in C. salsa.MethodsWe conducted a dual analysis focusing on metabolomics of wild C. salsa and microbiome characterization of both C. salsa and its host plant, Kalidium foliatum (Pall.) Moq. The metabolomics analysis revealed variations in metabolite composition across different parts of C. salsa. Additionally, the microbiome analysis involved studying endophytic bacteria and fungi, comparing their community structures between parasitic C. salsa and its host plant.ResultsSignificant variations in metabolite composition were observed through metabolomic profiling, which identified 93 secondary metabolites and 398 primary metabolites across various parts of C. salsa. Emphasis was placed on differences in metabolite composition within the flowers. Microbiome analysis revealed differential community compositions of endophytic bacteria between the parasitic and host plants, whereas differences in endophytic fungi were less pronounced. Certain endophytes, such as Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota, were associated with the production of specific secondary metabolites in C. salsa, including the plant-specific compound salsaside.DiscussionOur findings highlight the intricate relationship between C. salsa and its endophytic microbiota, suggesting a potential role of these microorganisms in modulating the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds. The differential preferences of endophytic bacteria and fungi across various microenvironments within the parasitic plant system underscore the complexity of these interactions. Further elucidation of these dynamics could enhance our understanding of C. salsa’s medicinal properties and its ecological adaptations as a holoparasitic herb.

Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis (IC) is a disorder of bile production, secretion, and excretion with various causes. Crocin I (CR) is effective in the treatment of IC, but its underlying mechanisms need to be further explored. We aimed to reveal the therapeutic mechanism of crocin I for IC by combining an integrated strategy of metabolomics and transcriptomics.Methods: The hepatoprotective effect of CR against cholestasis liver injury induced by α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) was evaluated in rats. The serum biochemical indices, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bile acid (TBA), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), as well as the liver oxidative stress indexes and the pathological characteristics of the liver were analyzed. In addition, we also performed a serum metabolomics study using UPLC-Q Exactive HF-X technology to investigate the effect of CR on the serum of rats with ANIT-induced IC and screened potential biomarkers. The enrichment analysis of differential expressed genes (DEGs) was performed by transcriptomics. Finally, the regulatory targets of CR on potential biomarkers were obtained by combined analysis, and the relevant key targets were verified by western blotting.Results: CR improved serum and liver homogenate indexes and alleviated liver histological injury. Compared with ANIT group, the CR group had 76 differential metabolites, and 10 metabolic pathways were enriched. There were 473 DEGs significantly changed after CR treatment, most of which were enriched in the retinol metabolism, calcium signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, circadian rhythm, chemokine signaling pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism, bile secretion, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and other pathways. By constructing the “compound-reaction-enzyme-gene” interaction network, three potential key-target regulation biomarkers were obtained, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), ATP-binding cassette transporter G5 (ABCG5), and sulfotransferase2A1(SULT2A1), which were further verified by western blotting. Compared with the ANIT group, the CR group significantly increased the expression of ABCG5 and SULT2A1, and the expression of HMGCR significantly decreased.Conclusion: Combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses show that CR has a therapeutic effect on IC through regulation of the biosynthesis of bile acids and bilirubin in the bile secretion pathway and regulation of the expression of HMGCR, ABCG5, and SULT2A1.

Botryosphaeria dothidea is a pathogenic fungus that causes the brown spot disease in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GE). We carried out comprehensive research to reveal the mechanisms underlying leaf-mediated resistance to B. dothidea . First, we observed the ultrastructure of normal and B. dothidea -infested leaves through scanning and transmission electron microscopy. B. dothidea invaded the leaves mainly by lysing the epidermis, and the physiological structure of GE leaves are severely affected by B. dothidea infestation. Subsequently, we used RNA sequencing to elucidate the dynamic transcriptome of GE leaves 0 h, 12 h, 1 days, 2 days, and 3 days after infection with B. dothidea . The KEGG enrichment analysis based on differentially expressed genes revealed the most relevant pathways involved in defense, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways. Finally, the roles of key genes, such as COMT1 , AUX1 , and SUS3 , which are involved in lignin synthesis, growth hormone transport, and cell wall formation, respectively, were identified through STRING database analysis and visualization with Cytoscape software. We used transcriptomics to analyze the mechanism of infestation of GE in response to a causal agent of brown spot disease ( B. dothidea ). These results provide novel insights into leaf-mediated stress and resistance of GE to diseases.

Geum japonicum (Rosaceae) has been widely used in China as a traditional herbal medicine due to its high economic and medicinal value. However, the appearance of Geum species is relatively similar, making identification difficult by conventional phenotypic methods, and the studies of genomics and species evolution are lacking. To better distinguish the medicinal varieties and fill this gap, we carried out relevant research on the chloroplast genome of G. japonicum . Results show a typical quadripartite structure of the chloroplast genome of G. japonicum with a length of 156,042 bp. There are totally 131 unique genes in the genome, including 87 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes, and there were also 87 SSRs identified and mostly mononucleotide Adenine-Thymine. We next compared the plastid genomes among four Geum species and obtained 14 hypervariable regions, including ndh F, psb E, trn G-UCC, ccs A, trn Q-UUG, rps 16, psb K, trn L-UAA, ycf 1, ndh D, atp A, pet N, rps 14, and trn K-UUU. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that G. japonicum is most closely related to Geum aleppicum , and possibly has some evolutionary relatedness with an ancient relic plant Taihangia rupestris . This research enriched the genome resources and provided fundamental insights for evolutionary studies and the phylogeny of Geum .

目的 明确肉苁蓉属药用植物叶绿体基因组密码子使用偏性及影响因素.方法 以肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticola、盐生肉苁蓉C.salsa、沙苁蓉C.sinensis和管花肉苁蓉C.tubulosa为研究材料,利用CUSP在线软件、CodonW 1.4.2、SPSS、Microsoft Excel等软件分析其基因密码子使用偏性参数.结果 4个肉苁蓉属植物叶绿体基因组的密码子使用模式相似,密码子均以第3位碱基A/T结尾且密码子使用更偏向A/T碱基;4个物种的有效密码子数值(effective number of codon,ENC)均大于35,说明肉苁蓉属物种叶绿体基因密码子偏好性较弱.中性绘图分析、有效密码字数(ENC-plot)分析、奇偶偏好性(PR2-plot)分析和对应性分析的结果均说明自然选择是影响肉苁蓉属叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性的主要因素.利用同义密码子的相对使用频率(relative synonymous codon usage,RSCU)值筛选出肉苁蓉属4个物种共同拥有4个最优密码子.结论 对肉苁蓉属4个物种叶绿体基因组密码子使用偏性进行分析,揭示了影响其密码子偏好性的影响因素,为进一步探讨肉苁蓉属植物的系统进化、环境适应性和品种改良提供了理论基础.

目的 探讨有机肥对栀子果实中关键代谢产物的作用机制.方法 采用非靶向代谢组学、UPLC-Q-TOF-MS法对 4 种施肥处理的样品进行定性、定量分析,主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)对关键代谢产物进行筛选,系统聚类分析考察关键代谢产物变化趋势以及样品之间聚类情况,KEGG分析对关键代谢产物进行注释和合成通路富集分析.结果 共鉴定出 104 种代谢产物,其中 38 种为关键代谢产物.经KEGG分析,有 34 种关键产物被注释到,13 种物质合成途径被映射到.结论 本实验结合非靶向代谢组学、化学计量学、KEGG合成通路富集分析,揭示有机肥对栀子果实中关键代谢产物的作用机制.

目的:针对江西省抚州市临川区栀子种植基地发生的严重根结线虫病,明确病原物种类,验证化学药剂对栀子根结线虫的抑制作用,为栀子根结线虫病原的研究及病害防治提供理论依据.方法:对栀子根结线虫进行分离及致病性测定,观测分离物的形态特征,并对其rDNA-ITS序列及28S rDNA D2D3序列进行测序及生物信息学分析.以根结线虫2龄幼虫(J2s)为材料,进行室内药剂毒力测定.结果:从采集到的栀子病根中经过分离纯化得到线虫,在病原回接实验中,栀子根系均产生根结.栀子根结线虫的形态学特征与象耳豆根结线虫Meloidogyne enterolobii基本一致,rDNA-ITS、28S rDNA D2D3基因序列与象耳豆根结线虫的同源性均达到99％以上;系统发育树确定该根结线虫与象耳豆根结线虫位于同一分支.杀线虫剂的室内毒力测定结果表明,25 mg/L氟吡菌酰胺对Meloidogyne enterolobii抑制效果最佳,达到87.64％.结论:本研究确定在江西栀子种植基地中发现的根结线虫种类为象耳豆根结线虫Meloidogyne enterolobii,氟吡菌酰胺能够有效防治栀子根结线虫.

目的 建立不同产地茶芎的指纹图谱,筛选差异性成分并测定其含量.方法 以Z-藁本内酯为参照,采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)》建立12批茶芎药材的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,指认共有峰并进行相似度评价;进行聚类分析(CA)、主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(OPLS-DA),以变量重要性投影(VIP)>1为标准筛选影响药材质量的差异性成分;采用同一HPLC法测定上述差异性成分的含量.结果 12批茶芎药材指纹图谱共有17个共有峰,相似度为0.989～1.000;共指认了7个共有峰,分别为绿原酸(1号峰)、阿魏酸(2号峰)、洋川芎内酯Ⅰ(7号峰)、阿魏酸松柏酯(9号峰)、E-藁本内酯(13号峰)、洋川芎内酯A(14号峰)、Z-藁本内酯(17号峰).CA结果显示,12批茶芎药材可分为3类,S1～S5(武宁茶芎)聚为一类,S6～S8(瑞昌茶芎)聚为一类,S9～S12(德安茶芎)聚为一类;2、13、14、17号峰(分别对应阿魏酸、E-藁本内酯、洋川芎内酯A、Z-藁本内酯)的VIP均大于1.S1～S5、S6～S8、S9～S12样品中,阿魏酸的含量分别为0.488～0.533、0.603～0.658、0.415～0.433 mg/g,洋川芎内酯A分别为1.184～1.295、1.450～1.588、1.307～1.377 mg/g,E-藁本内酯分别为0.118～0.125、0.130～0.135、0.223～0.229 mg/g,Z-藁本内酯分别为7.200～7.681、8.076～8.643、4.508～4.996 mg/g,两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 所建指纹图谱操作简便、准确,结合多元统计分析可用于评价不同产地茶芎的整体质量.阿魏酸、洋川芎内酯A、Z-藁本内酯、E-藁本内酯可能是影响不同产地茶芎药材质量的差异性成分,且前3种成分含量均以瑞昌茶芎最高,E-藁本内酯含量以德安茶芎最高.

目的 探讨栀子在炭疽病侵染时的应答机制.方法 选用炭疽病病原菌侵染后3个时间点的栀子叶片,使用高通量Solexa/Illumina转录组测序技术进行转录组测序分析,筛选差异表达基因.结果 借助RNA-seq技术共分别鉴定出19712、18318、17921个差异表达基因.其中29890条All-Unigene在GO分类中得到注释,KEGG代谢通路分析表示1003条参与了 169个代谢途径.GO注释显示,这些差异基因主要参与了细胞过程(cellular process)、代谢过程(metabolic process)、单细胞生物过程(single-organism process)、逆境响应(response to stimulus)、生物学调节(biological regulation)等生物过程;所处细胞器(organelle)、细胞(cell)类的基因占大多数;并执行了结合(binding)、催化活性(catalytic activity)、运输活性(transporter activity)等分子功能.qRT-PCR验证结果与转录组测序结果基本一致,说明栀子在遭受炭疽病病原菌胁迫后,大量基因被抑制或诱导转达,转录组特征发生显著变化.结论 研究获得的转录组数据将有助于揭示栀子生长发育以及抗炭疽病胁迫的应答机制和分子基础,及相关抗病基因的挖掘研究.

Gentianopsis barbata is an essential medicinal plant in China with high ornamental and medicinal values. Unfortunately, the study of the chloroplast genome of this plant still has a gap. This study sequenced and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of G. barbata. The complete chloroplast genome of G. barbata is a typical circular structure of 151 123 bp. It consists of a large single-copy region (82 690 bp) and a small single-copy region (17 887 bp) separated by a pair of inverted repeats (25 273 bp), which covers 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and 4 rRNAs. The long repeat sequence analysis showed that the P-type (palindromic) sequences were the major long repeat sequences. Thirty-seven simple sequence repeats were identified, most of which were single nucleotides. The Bayesian inference tree, maximum likelihood tree, and neighbor-joining tree suggested that G. barbata is grouped with Gentianopsis grandis and Gentianopsis paludosa. The divergence time analysis showed that G. barbata diverged at 1.243 Mya. Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes can reveal interspecific diversity, and regions with high variation can be used to develop molecular markers applicable to various research areas. Our results provide a new insight into plastome evolution and a valuable resource for further studies on G. barbata.

The Taihangia is a native endangered cliff species that grows in the Taihang Mountains in China. The cp genomes with a whole length of 155,558 bp and 155,479 bp for Taihangia rupestris and Taihangia rupestris var. rupestris . They have 131 genes in total, covering 79 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA, and 4 rRNA. Analyses of codon usage, RNA-editing sites, repeat sequences, and comparison of cp genomes showed a high degree of conservation. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Taihangia are closed to the Geum . Taihangia genus was inferred to have originated at 0.2057 Mya, and Geum rupestre was inferred to have originated at 1.4431 Mya. Overall, the gene contents, gene arrangements, the types, and frequency of codon usage, repeat sequences, and SSRs are similar and highly conserved in the species of T. rupestris and T. rupestris var. ciliate . It is found that based on bioprospecting, T. rupestris and T. rupestris var. rupestris are potential medicinal resources. This study provides a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable use of endangered medicinal resources..

目的 建立不同发育时期栀子果实中6种成分的含量测定方法,探究各成分的变化规律.方法 分析采用Durashell C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相乙腈-0.1％磷酸,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL/min;检测波长238、328、440 nm.结果 随着栀子果实的发育成熟,栀子苷、京尼平苷酸、绿原酸含量呈逐渐下降的变化趋势;西红花苷类成分在栀子果实初期未合成,随着栀子果实的发育成熟,含量呈逐渐上升的变化趋势;京尼平-1-β-龙胆双糖苷的含量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势.结论 通过对不同发育阶段栀子果实中6种成分含量的变化规律研究,为进一步探讨栀子药材的质量控制和成分积累机制提供参考.

铁是植物生长发育所需最重要的微量元素之一.其作为酶辅助因子或电子传递链的组成部分,在植物光合作用、呼吸作用和氨基酸生物合成等多种重要代谢过程中发挥作用.为应对铁缺乏的情况,植物进化出复杂的转录调控网络来维持铁的动态平衡,严格控制铁的吸收、运输、同化和储存.植物调控网络由多种转录因子参与构成,碱性螺旋-环螺旋(basic helix-loop helix,bHLH)家族是其中最关键的转录因子家族之一.本综述对植物响应铁缺乏的2种策略进行了简要概述,介绍了bHLH转录因子的结构、分类与作用形式,并重点讨论了类缺铁所诱导转录因子(ferritin-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor,FIT)、PYE(POPEYE)、铁转运蛋白1上游调控因子(upsteam regulator of iron-regulated transporter 1,URI)等bHLH转录因子以及缺铁调控蛋白E3泛素连接酶BTS(BRUTUS)在铁稳态调控级联调控中作用的最新进展,以期为bHLH转录因子在植物缺铁应答调控网络中的作用机制研究提供理论基础.

Gardenia jasminoides Eills is a traditional aromatic and medicinal plant that is widely cultivated in China. In 2020, a severe leaf disease on Gardenia was observed in a growing herbal medicine area in Jian County, of Jiangxi Province, China. The causal agent was identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. by amplification and sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Koch's postulates were confirmed by a pathogenicity test conducted with healthy gardenia, including reisolation and identification. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata on Gardenia jasminoides Eills in JiangXi, China. PDA plate bacteriostatic experiment results showed that: Hexaconazole had the best inhibiting effect, which the EC 50 was 14.45 ppm. Therefore, the results are preliminary but promising for future field applications.

目的 利用网络药理学及分子对接技术,研究茵陈蒿汤治疗妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)的物质基础及可能的作用机制.方法 使用TCMSP数据库挖掘茵陈蒿汤有效成分和作用靶点,利用GeneCard与OMIM数据库筛选疾病靶点.将药物与疾病靶点的交集导入String构建PPI网络,使用Cytoscape3.7.2软件筛选核心靶点,借助Metascape数据库对靶点进行基因本体论(GO)功能和基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析,从筛选靶点-成分网络图中根据degree值筛选出前5个关键成分,并将该网络中的基因靶点以degree值高低进行排序,选择前5个核心靶点,然后从RCSB PDB数据库和Pub Chem数据库获取靶点与成分的三维结构和化学结构,使用Pymol软件对蛋白质分子进行去水、去磷酸根等操作,最后使用AutoDockTools进行分子对接.结果 茵陈蒿汤中共筛选出21种有效活性成分,关键成分5个,分别为槲皮素、山奈酚、芦荟大黄素、谷甾醇、大黄酸;其治疗ICP的的核心靶点14个,分别为JUN、CASP3、TNF、TP53、MYC、EGFR、AKT1、VEGFA、MMP9、MAPK1、EGF、IL6、CXCL8、MAPK8,靶点主要涉及细胞氧化应激反应、细胞运动的正向调节、受体配体活性、细胞因子受体结合、蛋白激酶活性等生物学过程,通过乙型、丙型肝炎途径、癌症途径、MAPK、IL-17、TNF信号通路等多途径发挥治疗ICP的作用.分子对接结果显示关键成分与对应靶点具有较好的结合活性.结论 茵陈蒿汤治疗ICP是通过槲皮素、山奈酚、芦荟大黄素、谷甾醇、大黄酸等多种成分作用于JUN、CASP3、TNF、TP53、MYC、EGFR、AKT1、VEGFA、MMP9、MAPK1、EGF、IL6、CXCL8、MAPK8等多种基因靶点,从而影响MAPK、IL-17、肿瘤坏死因子、ErbB、Toll样受体以及乙型丙型肝炎病毒等多种相关信号通路发挥功效,该研究为进一步深入研究其作用机制奠定了基础.

Fructus Gardeniae (FG) is medicine food widely used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. However, in recent years, research has suggested that high doses of FG can cause hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. To assess this potential toxicity in more depth, this study investigated the effects of decocted FG and two of its bioactive constituents (geniposide and genipin) on liver and kidney function in rats. Rats were intragastrically administered FG (330 mg/kg body weight), geniposide (50 mg/kg body weight), or genipin (50 mg/kg body weight) for 12 weeks. Changes in body weight, liver and kidney indices, biochemical indices, and inflammatory factors were monitored. In addition, pathological sections were assessed and the expression of caspase-3, NF-κBp65, COX-2, and iNOS was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. It was found that the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and urea nitrogen increased following administration of FG, geniposide, and genipin. Furthermore, the activities of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione decreased following treatment, while malondialdehyde levels increased. Pathological and immunohistochemical evaluations further confirmed that FG and its constituents may cause damage to the liver and kidneys. The mechanism study revealed that the protein level of inflammatory pathway increased and further promoted apoptosis, suggesting that it should not be taken orally for extended periods of time. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Chinese medicine and food safety have always been public health concerns. Fructus Gardeniae (FG) is a plant with a dual-purpose as it is used as both a medicine and food. Medicinally, it has the effects of heat-clearing and detoxification. However, its adverse effects and related mechanisms are not clear, and this has potential safety implications. In this study, rats were treated with FG for 12 weeks and found that the long-term administration of FG or high dosing can lead to damage to liver and kidney function. Therefore, close attention must be paid to the dosage of FG in order to achieve a therapeutic effect and avoid adverse reactions. Thus, this study lays a foundation for the safety evaluation and clinical application of FG.

为了探明栀子(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis)响应干旱胁迫过程中内源激素含量的变化,采用5％、10％和20％的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟轻度、中度与重度干旱胁迫,在胁迫开始的第5、10、15 d利用酶联免疫吸附法对栀子幼苗叶片4种内源激素的含量进行测定.结果表明:相较于对照处理,随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,轻度与中度干旱胁迫下栀子叶片脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)含量逐渐上升,重度胁迫下ABA含量先上升后下降;吲哚乙酸(indoleacetic acid,IAA)与赤霉素(gibberellic acid,GA)含量均先上升后下降;玉米素核苷(zeatin ribiside,ZR)含量呈现高-低-高的变化趋势;IAA/ABA、GA/ABA值逐渐下降,并且下降幅度较大;ZR/ABA、IAA/GA、IAA/ZR、GA/ZR值发生不同波动.综合分析,在遭受干旱胁迫后,栀子将会通过调节自身内源激素含量及比例来抵御干旱.

目的:为了明确隔孢丛壳菌(Glomerella septospora)侵染栀子叶片的侵染过程,为防控栀子煤污病提供理论依据.方法:用菌饼法接种离体的健康栀子叶片,在扫描电镜下观察病原菌的侵染过程及侵染结构.结果:健康的栀子叶片,未发现隔孢丛壳菌丝.在侵染前期,菌丝产生吸器吸附在叶上表皮,并产生团状物质使得菌丝更好的附着及通过上表皮缝隙进入叶片内部;在侵染中期,菌丝穿过叶片内部细胞间隙从叶片背面的气孔伸出;到了侵染后期,叶片正面菌丝更加厚实且在叶片内部呈螺旋状前进最后从背部气孔伸出.结论:煤污病病原菌会侵入叶片内部,为我们肉眼所不见的损伤,不似其它病害那么明显.隔孢丛壳菌丝慢慢覆盖叶片,阻碍其叶片的光合作用,同时少部分的菌丝会突破叶表皮进入叶片内部再从气孔伸出.菌丝在内部侵染时,虽不会对内部细胞产生损伤,但会分泌团状物质,助于菌丝的吸附、前进、侵染,这时可能会影响叶片的生理生化指标.