Alluvial fans are typically fragile and unstable landforms in arid regions, and their bioenvironmental coupling mechanisms remain unclear. The aims of this study were to test the hypothesis that elevation gradients drive beetle functional group differentiation through environmental filtering, reveal the core strategies of functional group adaptation to fragile habitats, and provide a theoretical basis for arid ecological restoration. Five transects were established along the alluvial fan elevation gradient, and ground-dwelling beetles were collected using pitfall trapping. Species and functional diversity analyses were conducted, and functional groups were classified using hierarchical clustering. The associations between functional traits and environmental factors were analyzed using RLQ and fourth-corner analysis. A total of 8251 ground-dwelling beetles were collected, and community diversity varied significantly with elevation. The first two axes of the RLQ explained 91.28% of total co-inertia. Feeding habits, activity rhythms, hind legs, antennae, and head width were significantly correlated with environmental variables. The five functional groups showed a gradient distribution from the fan apex to the fan margin: "broad-headed nocturnal saprophagous group → nocturnal carnivorous group → nocturnal phytophagous group → diurnal phytophagous group → long-legged and long-antennae diurnal phytophagous group." Combined with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), this study confirmed the rule that alluvial fan instability regulates habitat heterogeneity through elevation gradients, which in turn drives beetle functional group differentiation. Functional groups can serve as indicators of habitat stability. This study deepens understanding of insect community assembly mechanisms in fragile landforms and provides scientific support for arid ecosystem protection and restoration.

Exploring the diversity and community structure of darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) and the associated environmental factors on an alluvial fan provides useful insights into the ecology of these landscape features. This study investigated Chaqikou in the Helan Mountains, which features unique alluvial fan landforms. Sample plots (200 × 200 m) were established at three positions: the fan top, fan middle, and fan edge. From May to October 2023, pitfall traps were used to survey beetle community composition and its relationship with environmental factors. Significant variations were observed in species composition and diversity indices across different months and sample plots. Strongly xerophilous species exhibited broader ecological niche breadth, while moderately xerophilous species tended to distribute in the mid-to-upper segments of alluvial fans. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed temporal shifts in community composition, with beta diversity analysis showing that species nestedness dominated from June to August, while species replacement was prominent in May, September, and October. Redundancy analysis indicated that environmental factors affecting species distribution varied by plot. On the landscape scale, altitude was the primary factor affecting beetle distribution. Variance partitioning analysis showed that topographic, soil, and vegetation factors explained 51.7%, 20.2%, and 9.4% of the variation in the beetle community, respectively. It is evident that altitudinal gradients shape ecological filtering pressures by creating multidimensional heterogeneity in topography, soil properties, and vegetation coverage. The adaptive matching between Tenebrionid species’ biological traits and environmental factors ultimately governs the spatial distribution patterns of darkling beetle diversity in alluvial fan desert grasslands.

Context Wild ungulates are an important component of natural ecosystems and one of the most important ecological groups of grassland ecosystems. The goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) is a species widely distributed in arid and semi-arid desert regions and is listed on the IUCN Red List (2016) as a threatened, vulnerable species at high risk for extinction in the wild. Goitered gazelle often lives in vast habitats; however, it is not yet clear how they adapt to isolated ‘islands’. Aims We selected an international nature reserve in the arid region of central Ningxia, China, as our study area, trying to understand how the goitered gazelle adapts to this microenvironment from the perspectives of habitat and diet. Methods We employed the optimized maximum entropy model and DNA metabarcoding to investigate the species’ suitable habitat distribution and feeding habits. Key results The results showed that the MaxEnt model performed well, with an area under curve value of 0.896 and a true skill statistic value of 0.704 for predicting the species distribution. Suitable habitats accounted for 80.9% of the total area of the reserve. Annual mean temperature, and elevation, together with the distance from water source were the critical factors that affected the goitered gazelle distribution range. Sequencing analysis indicated that among the 35 fecal samples collected, there were 18 plant families, and 21 genera annotated. The bulk food of goitered gazelle was Fabaceae and Rosaceae. Conclusions Water sources and altitude significantly influenced the distribution of the goitered gazelle. Trnl, as a DNA barcode, holds potential in the dietary analysis of goitered gazelles and can serve as a complement to traditional research methods. Implications This study confirmed the reliability of the optimized maximum entropy model for predicting suitable habitats at a small scale, and it is the first to apply DNA metabarcoding technology to the dietary analysis of the goitered gazelle. We also have more knowledge about how the goitered gazelle adapts to the isolated island habitat, laying the foundation for better protection of this species in the future.

The wind energy resources in the northwestern desert and semi-desert grassland regions of China are abundant. However, the ramifications of large-scale centralized wind farm operations on terrestrial rodents remain incompletely understood. In May and September 2024, we employed a grid sampling method combined with burrow counting and kernel density analysis to investigate the spatial distribution of Alashan ground squirrel (Spermophilus alashanicus) burrows in different wind turbine power zones (control, 750 kW, 1500 kW, 2000 kW, and 2500 kW) at the Taiyangshan wind farm in China. Using generalized additive models and structural equation models, we analysed the relationship between burrow spatial distribution and environmental factors. The results revealed no significant linear correlation between burrow density and turbine layout density, but was significantly positively correlated with turbine power (p < 0.05). The highest burrow density was observed in the 2500 kW zone, with values of 24.43 ± 7.18 burrows/hm2 in May and 21.29 ± 3.38 burrows/hm2 in September (p < 0.05). The squirrels exhibited a tendency to avoid constructing burrows within the rotor sweeping areas of the turbines. The burrow density distribution exhibited a multinuclear clustering pattern in both May and September, with a northwest–southeast spatial orientation. Turbine power, aspect, and plan convexity had significant positive effects on burrow density, whereas vegetation height had a significant negative effect. Moreover, vegetation height indirectly influenced burrow density through its interactions with turbine power and relief degree. Under the combined influence of turbine power, topography, and vegetation, Alashan ground squirrels preferred habitats in low-density, high-power turbine zones with shorter vegetation, sunny slopes, convex landforms, and minimal disturbance.

理解生物群落结构和种间关系,对研究群落演替以及群落稳定性具有重要意义.于2019年5-10月在贺兰山冲积扇荒漠草地采用陷阱法调查200 mx200 m空间尺度的地表甲虫群落组成,基于2×2联列表,采用方差比率法、x2检验、联结系数、Spearman秩相关系数、贡献定律法和主成分分析,研究了贺兰山冲积扇荒漠草地小尺度空间地表甲虫的种间关联性以及群落稳定性.结果表明:6次共捕获地表甲虫2324只,隶属于11科36属52种,直角通缘步甲个体数量占总数量的44.28％,是贺兰山冲积扇荒漠草地地表甲虫群落调查期内的优势种,不同月份优势种存在差异.5月个体数和物种数为中等变异,7和8月物种数为中等变异,其他月个体数和物种数为强变异,9月个体数变异系数最大,10月物种数变异系数最大.方差比率和W检验显示,所有月份地表甲虫群落方差总体表现为显著正联结.x2检验、种间关联性和Spearman秩相关分析表明,5-8月正负关联种对比大于1,9和10月正负关联种对比小于1.不同月份优势种与其他主要物种间关系基本一致.亲缘关系较近的物种间并未表现较多显著的负关联性.稳定性分析显示,所有月份地表甲虫群落均处于不稳定状态;主成分分析表明,地表甲虫群落组成随季节演替时序分明,表现了较强的恢复力.研究结果为冲积扇荒漠草地生境地表甲虫群落构建机制研究提供参考.

课堂教学是高校落实立德树人根本任务的关键环节,其质量关系到人才培养成效.将基于问题探究式和基于项目合作式的PBL(Problem-Based-Learning,Project-Based-Learning)教学方法与成果导向教育(Outcome Based Education,OBE)理念深度融合,进行《动物生物学》课程的教学改革,形成以学生为中心、以成果为导向的有利于激发学生学习兴趣的教学模式,能够有效地提升学生的学习能力和学习获得感,促进其综合素质的提高.

[目的]拟步甲对维持荒漠半荒漠生境的生物多样性和生态系统功能具有重要作用.本研究旨在揭示拟步甲物种的生态位及种间关联,为冲积扇荒漠草地生境拟步甲群落构建机制研究奠定基础.[方法]2019年5-10月采用陷阱法调查贺兰山冲积扇荒漠草地划分为100个相同大小正方形单元的200 m×200 m样地的拟步甲昆虫群落组成,运用2×2联列表分析、生态位宽度、生态位重叠、方差比率法、x2检验、联结系数(AC)、共同出现百分率(PC)、Ochiai指数、Dice指数和Spearman秩相关系数等方法分析物种间的生态位和种间联结性.[结果]6次调查共捕获拟步甲科成虫7属10种1086头,其中克小鳖甲Microdera kraatzi kraatzi、弯胫东鳖甲Anatolica pandaroides和平坦东鳖甲Anatolica planata是优势种.平坦东鳖甲空间生态位宽度最大,小圆鳖甲Scytosoma pygmaeum时间生态位宽度最大,克小鳖甲时空生态位宽度最大,类沙土甲Opatrum subaratum时间、空间、时空生态位宽度最小,处于竞争劣势.对拟步甲生态位宽度值聚类表明,克小鳖甲、弯胫东鳖甲、小圆鳖甲和裂缘圆鳖甲S.dissilimarginis是广生态位种.种对的时间生态位重叠比空间生态位重叠更显著.方差比率和W检验表明拟步甲昆虫总体呈显著正关联;x2检验、联结系数(AC)和Spearman秩相关系数的结果显示正负关联种对的比率大于1,总体趋于正相关.共同出现百分率(PC)、Ochiai指数和Dice指数表明,优势种克小鳖甲、弯胫东鳖甲和平坦东鳖甲种间呈显著正关联.根据Spearman秩相关系数结果,这10种拟步甲可划分为3个生态种组.[结论]优势种类具有较宽的生态位,物种时间生态位和空间生态位宽度变化不一致,正联结性显著的种对生态位重叠相应也较高.生态种组聚类反映了种对生态适应性的差异.研究结果为研究冲积扇荒漠草地生境小尺度空间拟步甲昆虫群落演替提供了参考依据.

A new species of Cyrtophyllitinae, Archaboilus polyneurus sp. nov. Gu, Yue & Ren, is described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation, Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China. The species is characterized by its ScA reaching the anterior wing margin at the level of the divergence of M+ CuA, distally branched RP, lengths of free CuA and free M equal, and numerous branches of CuA + CuPaα. A new fossil of Liassophyllum caii Gu & Ren, 2012 is described which increases knowledge of its wing venation and indicates that Liassophyllum should be assigned to the Tuphellidae.

榆跳象(Orchestes alni Linnaeus)是一种危害榆树叶片的毁灭性害虫,成虫和幼虫均危害榆树叶片.采用有机溶剂浸提法在4—6月分3次获得榆跳象雌性成虫性信息素的粗提取物,并分别通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行分析.结果表明,4—6月份的性信息素疑似物分别有5,6,6个.通过与鳞翅目及鞘翅目象甲科等昆虫性信息素比较,并基于多数昆虫性信息素的共同特征,最终确定2种性信息素疑似组分,即11,13-二甲基-12-乙酸酯、顺-9-十四碳烯酸异丁酯.该研究初步明确榆跳象雌性成虫性信息素的主要成分,可为下一步性信息素的合成和林间诱捕实验提供参考.

To understand the dynamics of spatial pattern of darkling beetle communities at the small scale, we surveyed the darkling beetle community using pitfall in a desert grassland of alluvial fans in Helan Mountain from May to October 2019. Based on the geostatistical analysis, we divided the 200 m×200 m study area equally into 100 grid squares and analyzed the spatial autocorrelation, spatial heterogeneity, spatial distribution pattern, and its relationship with topographic factors of the darkling beetle community. A total of 1086 individuals belonged to 10 species and 7 genera were collected. Community composition of darkling beetle had significant spatial and temporal variation. The diversity index of the community was the highest in May and lowest in July. The spatial autocorrelation of dominant species had obvious seasonal fluctuation, with a significantly spatial positive correlation in May, September, and October. Communities of darkling beetle and the dominant species showed strongly spatial heterogeneous, which were mainly determined by structural factors. The ordinary Kriging interpolation showed that the gradient distribution of beetle communities was obviously different among seasons, being the simplest in summer. The results of the cross variogram showed that the spatial relationships between different dominant species groups were mostly positive, and were mainly regulated by structural factors. Results of the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the slope and elevation significantly affected the distribution of darkling beetles. Our results showed that the spatial heterogeneity of the darkling beetle showed significant seasonal variation, and thus provided a basis for understanding the mechanism and biodiversity of ground-dwelling beetle community in a desert grassland of alluvial fans.

为探讨贺兰山不同生境类型地表甲虫群落多样性特征及其与环境因子的关系,2017年7-8月采用陷阱法调查了贺兰山垂直植被带9种生境地表甲虫群落多样性,采用典范对应分析(CCA)探讨了地表甲虫群落科级水平组成与环境因子的相关性.共采集地表甲虫27 625头,隶属于24科239种,科级水平组成反映了干旱区山地的昆虫区系特征,其中,步甲科、金龟科和拟步甲科为优势科,个体数量分别占到39.779％、29.448％和16.525％.灰榆疏林地表甲虫群落科丰富度和活动密度最高,旱生落叶灌丛Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数最高,典型草原Simpson优势度指数最高.CCA表明地表甲虫群落多样性与环境因子关系进行的分组与沿海拔梯度按生境类型进行的分组之间呈现较明显的对应关系;海拔、土壤含水量和枯落物盖度明显影响地表甲虫群落多样性;在较小空间尺度,地形因子对地表甲虫分布相对重要.

基于宁夏已知甲虫物种分布信息,结合相关气候与生境数据,采用广义可加模型和方差分解方法探讨了甲虫物种多样性分布格局及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,宁夏甲虫物种丰富度及科属区系分化强度呈现南、北部高,中部低,西部略高于东部的变化趋势。聚类分析表明,宁夏甲虫地理分布可分为六盘山山地甲虫地理群、黄土高原甲虫地理群、荒漠绿洲甲虫地理群和贺兰山-罗山山地甲虫地理群。GAM分析表明,最冷季平均温度、最湿月平均降雨量和植物物种丰富度分别是影响甲虫物种分布最显著的因子。方差分解结果显示,水分、能量与生境异质性三者共同解释了物种丰富度82.4%的变异;能量与水分因子共同解释了甲虫物种丰富度79.6%的空间变异,单独解释率分别为19.9%和14.0%;生境异质性解释了甲虫物种丰富度26.3%的变异,单独解释率仅为2.8%。宁夏地区甲虫物种丰富度空间分布格局由能量和水分因子共同决定,生境异质性有助于提高甲虫物种丰富度。

宁夏贺兰山自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性及其与环境因素的关系,2017年5-9月采用样线法对贺兰山东麓6类生境和不同干扰类型10条样线的蝴蝶群落结构及其多样性季节动态进行调查.共记录蝴蝶5科36属45种,蛱蝶科Nymphalidae的属和物种数最多,为17属19种;凤蝶科Papilionidae最少,仅1属1种.菜粉蝶Pieris rapae、云粉蝶Pontia daplidice、斑缘豆粉蝶Colias erate和小檗绢粉蝶Aporia hippia是该地区的优势种,个体数量分别占总个体数的11.76％、11.63％、11.21％和10.17％.不同生境样线优势类群和常见类群不同.蝴蝶的栖息地偏好与寄主植物有关,蝴蝶的生境分布类型可分为生境广布型、湿润平原型、荒漠半荒漠草原型和山地森林型.蝴蝶群落Shannon-Wiener多样性和丰富度指数以灰榆疏林草地生境最高,优势度最低.各物种在生境内的季节变化趋势与不同生境植被生长季节相关,高峰期为7-8月.不同调查时间蝴蝶的优势种和常见种不同.物种数以7月份调查最多,有33种,占全年调查总物种数的73.33％;5月份调查最少,有20种.蝴蝶群落Shannon-Wiener多样性和丰富度指数以8月份最大,5月份最小.蝴蝶成虫发生类型分为全年发生型、春季型、夏季型和夏秋季型.不同生境和季节发生的优势种可以作为对生境状况进行评估的指示类群.采用CCA分析物种分布与微环境因子的关系,海拔对蝴蝶物种多样性分布格局有显著影响.蝴蝶丰富度与海拔、温度、风速显著正相关.适度干扰有利于蝶类多样性增加,较强的人为干扰会影响蝶类栖息环境,降低蝶类多样性.因此,生境差异性和干扰与蝴蝶群落的物种多样性密切相关,维持贺兰山垂直植被带的生境异质性和保持适度干扰是保护蝴蝶多样性的关键.

[目的]明确贺兰山榆跳象Orchestes alni幼虫空间分布型及其形成机制,分析影响榆跳象幼虫空间分布的因子,以期为榆跳象的预测预报及防控措施提供参考.[方法]对贺兰山灰榆林榆跳象幼虫平均密度进行调查,应用6种聚集度指标法和2种回归模型法分析榆跳象幼虫的空间分布型.[结果]贺兰山中部沟道灰榆榆跳象幼虫密度明显高于南北沟道.半阴坡和阴坡榆跳象幼虫平均密度显著高于阳坡和沟道.灰榆树冠不同方向的幼虫平均密度差异不显著,以树冠中下层最大.榆跳象幼虫密度与树干高呈显著正相关.榆跳象幼虫在贺兰山灰榆林中呈聚集分布,基本成分是个体群,个体间相互吸引,并随种群密度升高,聚集程度增大.聚集分布是由昆虫行为或环境条件引起.灰榆林海拔和坡度显著影响榆跳象幼虫密度,榆跳象幼虫主要聚集在海拔1 800 m以上(29.00％)和急坡(24.08％)的灰榆林.[结论]贺兰山中部沟道的中海拔区域是榆跳象发生的重点监测区域,背风且水分条件好的坡向密度大,榆跳象幼虫聚集分布容易造成局部区域密度较高.

理解山地物种丰富度分布格局及其成因对于山地生物多样性保护具有重要意义.本文基于贺兰山地区甲虫31科252属469种的分布信息,结合相关气候与生境异质性数据,系统地探讨了贺兰山地区甲虫及6个优势科物种丰富度地理格局及其影响因素.结果 表明,甲虫物种丰富度及科属区系分化强度以贺兰山中段最高,南段比北段高,西坡比东坡高.基于183个栅格内物种分布的二元数据聚类分析,贺兰山甲虫分布可分为北段强旱生景观甲虫地理群、中西段半湿生景观甲虫地理群、中东段及南段半早生景观甲虫地理群3个地理群.冗余分析(RDA)表明年均温和年均降水量是影响最显著的因子.方差分解结果显示,水分与能量因子共同解释了全部甲虫物种丰富度57.1％的空间变异,单独解释率分别为5.9％和7.1％.生境异质性解释了全部甲虫物种丰富度35.2％的变异,单独解释率仅为1.8％.气候因素与生境异质性对不同优势科物种丰富度的相对影响并不一致.在贺兰山的南段和北段,生境异质性和水分因子对甲虫物种丰富度影响作用明显.水分和能量因子是贺兰山地区甲虫物种丰富度空间分布格局的主导因子,生境异质性有助于提高甲虫物种丰富度.从未解释的比例来分析,地形和土壤因素可能对贺兰山甲虫物种丰富度存在重要影响.

昆虫生态位的占据意味着资源的利用,了解导致生态位变化的因素对评估生物群落结构至关重要.通过对银川4种典型湿地的陆生昆虫进行调查,旨在探明何种昆虫类群在银川湿地占据优势生态位,为开展湿地指示生物筛选、 昆虫生态位变化及湿地保护等领域的深入研究提供数据基础.2016年5-10月选取银川黄河湿地(永久性河流湿地)、 鸣翠湖湿地(永久性湖泊湿地)、 芦花台湿地(季节性湖泊湿地)、 水洞沟湿地(季节性河流湿地)4类湿地,采用棋盘式扫网和陷阱捕捉的方法进行昆虫采集.研究表明,半翅目在银川湿地的时间、空间、 时-空分布中均属优势类群.半翅目的时间生态位宽度在所有昆虫类群中值最大,毛翅目值最小.半翅目、 双翅目、 鞘翅目和膜翅目昆虫类群在4种湿地中的空间生态位宽度值最大,毛翅目、 鳞翅目昆虫类群值最小.鞘翅目、 膜翅目与半翅目在时-空生态位重叠值最大,鳞翅目与缨翅目的时-空生态位重叠值次之,毛翅目与螳螂目的时-空生态位重叠值最小.通过对各湿地昆虫群落多样性特征指数的时序变化分析知,群落多样性与均匀度变化一致,说明膜翅目、 直翅目、 半翅目等12类昆虫在4种湿地下的群落结构是稳定的.在全年调查中,鸣翠湖湿地的昆虫群落时间生态位重叠值最小,宽度值最大,表明鸣翠湖湿地的昆虫群落发生时间长,时间分布跨度大,具较大的种群发展潜力.

宁夏西吉县党家岔湿地自然保护区是我国西北黄土高原上独具风格的地震堰塞湖湿地类型目然保护区.2016年3月至2017年5月期间,采用样线法和样点法对该保护区的鸟类多样性进行了调查研究.获悉鸟类有107种,隶属14目35科62属,其中夏候鸟40种(37.4％),留鸟31种(29.0％),旅鸟34种(31.7％),冬候鸟2种(1.9％).有国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类3目4科6属12种.鸟类区系中古北界种占优势,有79种(73.8％),东洋界种11种(10.3％),广布种17种(15.9％).运用G-F指数及Shannon-Weiner指数对保护区4个堰塞湖生境鸟类多样性进行了分析,G-F指数大小顺序为党家岔堰(0.653)＞河滩堰(0.500)＞苏堡堰(0.496)＞堡玉堰(0.286),Shannon-Weiner指数大小顺序为党家岔堰(2.776)＞河滩堰(2.655)＞苏堡堰(2.489)＞堡玉堰(1.966).分析影响保护区内鸟类种类数量的多少主要是与湿地生境面积大小、人为干扰情况等因素有关

2014年9月至2018年8月,采用样线法和样点法,对宁夏青铜峡库区湿地自然保护区的鸟类资源进行了调查.调查结果表明,在该保护区共记录鸟类192种,隶属于18目47科110属;其中,有雀形目鸟类62种,占总种数的32.29％,有非雀形目鸟类130种,占67.71％:有国家一级重点保护鸟类9种,国家二级重点保护鸟类28种,国家“三有”鸟类136种;有列入IUCN红色名录的极危(CR)鸟类1种,濒危(EN)鸟类2种,易危(VU)鸟类7种,近危(NT)鸟类11种;在居留型方面,有夏候鸟90种(占46.88％)、旅鸟56种(占29.17％)、留鸟41种(占21.35％)、冬候鸟5种(占2.60％);在区系成分方面,有古北界种142种(占73.96％)、东洋界种17种(占8.85％)、广布种33种(占17.19％);有11种分布型,其中,古北型(占30.21％)、全北型(占17.19％)占一定优势;有6种生态类群,水鸟是主要生态类群,共有90种,占总种数的46.88％.

[Objective] This study investigated community composition and diversity of carabid beetles in Luo Mountain National Nature Reserve in Ningxia and analyzed the relationship between the beetles diversity and habitat to provide basis for long-term monitoring and protection of biodiversity.[Method] The community structure and species diversity of carabid beetles were conducted from May to August in 2015 using pitfall traps in the Luo Mountain.Carabid beetles were caught from six types and 8 sample plots of vegetation habitats along the elevation gradient including subalpine meadow (SMA plot and SMB plot),coniferous forests (CFA plot and CFB plot),mixed broadleaf-conifer forest (MBCF plot),broad-leaved forest edge (BLFE plot),deciduous shrub (DS plot) and desert semi-desert grasslands (DSDG plot).[Result] A total of 3 749 carabid beetles belonging to 24 species and 12 genera were collected.Pterostichus gebleri and Carabus vladimirskyi were the dominant species in the area,accounting for 39.11％ and 20.42％,respectively.Pterostichus gebleri was caught in all habitat gradients,and Carabus vladimirskyi was not captured only in the CFB plot.The community composition and dominant species of carabid beetles were also significantly different among different habitats.The number of species and individuals of beetles in SMA plot and DS plot were more than in other vegetation habitats,while those in the CFB plot was the lowest.Beetles peak activities were in July and August and various species in vertical vegetation zones had different seasonal trends.Among the plots,carabid beetle community in DS plot had the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity and species richness,but the lowest dominance.Evenness in CFB plot was the highest while diversity and species richness in CFB plot were the lowest.Principal component analysis showed that carabid beetle communities were distinctly separated into three groups.[Conclusion] The community composition and diversity of carabid beetles were closely related to the spatial heterogeneity.Keeping habitat heterogeneity is helpful to protect species diversity.

[目的]调查和分析银川不同湿地陆生昆虫群落结构组成、功能多样性及其稳定性变化.[方法]2016年5-10月选取银川黄河湿地(HH)、鸣翠湖湿地(MCH)、芦花台湿地(LHT)、水洞沟湿地(SDG)4种湿地生境,采用棋盘式扫网和陷阱捕捉的方法进行昆虫采集.根据调查数据进行昆虫群落结构多样性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析.[结果]4种湿地生境共采集昆虫38 668头,隶属13目97科370种.双翅目、同翅目、膜翅目在4种生境中均为优势类群.植食性(Ph)昆虫功能团的科数和种数在4种生境昆虫群落中占比均最大.植食性-中性昆虫(Ph-Ne)间个体数在4种生境下均存在显著负相关(P＜0.01);植食性-捕食性昆虫(Ph-Pr)间个体数在MCH生境下存在显著正相关(P＜0.05);中性-捕食性昆虫(Ne-Pr)间个体数在MCH生境下存在显著负相关(P＜0.01),在LHT生境下存在显著负相关(P＜0.05);4种功能团结构的其他组合的个体数在4种生境下均不存在显著相关性.主成分分析结果表明,捕食性类群是4个类群中影响构成昆虫群落组成的主要成分.同种功能团在4种生境下的多样性分析结果表明,捕食性功能团(Pr)与寄生性功能团(Pa)在4种生境群落中的群落丰富度、均匀程度[辛普森指数(Simpson index)]差异性显著(P＜0.05),而植食性功能团(Ph)与中性功能团(Ne)的群落丰富度、均匀程度的差异性不显著(P＞0.05);中性功能团(Ne)在4种生境群落中个体出现的不确定程度[香农-维纳指数(ShannonWiener index)]差异性不显著(P＞0.05),在4种生境的均匀度指数(Pielou evenness index)差异性显著(P＜0.05),其余3个功能团在4种生境下的香农-维纳指数均差异性显著(P＜0.05),在4种生境下的均匀度指数均差异性不显著(P＞0.05).4种生境昆虫群落特征指数的聚类分析分为2类,永久性湿地HH和MCH为第1类,季节性湿地LHT和SDG为第2类.Ss/Si和Sa/Sp两个稳定性指标均显示MCH昆虫群落稳定性最高,4种生境昆虫群落最稳定的时期是5和9月.[结论]双翅目和膜翅目昆虫在银川不同湿地生境中均为优势类群,可作为环境指示参考;昆虫群落稳定性最好的湿地类型为永久性湖泊湿地;不同生境昆虫群落多样性随季节时序变化,在银川最稳定的时期是5和9月.气候因子、环境因素如何驱动各湿地昆虫群落多样性及稳定性的变化因素还有待开展研究.