This study uses a qualitative methodological approach to investigate the experiences that autistic adults have when encountering police personnel. An anonymous, online, semi-structured survey asking open-ended questions about individual experience was used, and the data were analysed thematically. Although only five participants comprised the final sample, the findings illustrate how - despite differences in types of interaction and police contact - similar experiences were reported. Almost all participants reported experiencing a negative interaction with police, coupled with a limited understanding of the events surrounding their encounter. Four participants experienced some form of being stopped and questioned. This study aims to examine alternative perspectives, as previous research has focused on criminal justice personnel perspectives rather than autistic perspectives. This is one of a few qualitative Australian studies to seek individualised experiences from a community-based sample. Sampling and recruitment strategies need revision to attain a larger number of surveys in future research.

The first study to investigate the prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) within an Australian juvenile detention centre has identified the highest known prevalence of FASD among a justice-involved population worldwide. However, there has been limited investigation into the capacity of the custodial workforce to identify and manage young people in Australian detention centres with FASD or other neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), and no published interventions aiming to develop environments appropriate for those with FASD in justice settings. Using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist, this study describes the conception, implementation and evaluation of a training intervention aiming to upskill the custodial workforce in the management of youth with FASD and NDI; 117 staff participated in the intervention, and 109 completed pre- and post-intervention surveys. Improvements were seen across almost all knowledge and attitude items, and the intervention was considered highly necessary, appropriate and valuable by the workforce.

This article presents the results of a major theme arising out of a grounded theory analysis of judges' sentencing remarks for males and females sentenced for intimate partner homicide in Australia between July 2009 and June 2014. Specifically, this article focuses on judges' commentary regarding the use of alcohol and/or drugs as a contributing factor to the offending. The qualitative data indicate that despite the seriousness of the offence, sentencing judges often fail to attribute with clarity a sufficient degree of responsibility to male offenders for their voluntary consumption of alcohol and drugs and their subsequent violent behaviour. Additionally, judges attributed more blameworthiness to non-Aboriginal female offenders, who they believed were unable to take control of their dysfunctional lives whilst in an alcohol or drug-induced state.

Background: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a condition caused by prenatal alcohol exposure and characterised by lifelong physical, behavioural and cognitive abnormalities. Primary disabilities, such as impairment in memory, attention, cognition, language, executive function, and adaptive function, can lead to young people with FASD becoming engaged with the justice system. Little is known about the extent of FASD in youth detention in Australia, or of the capacity custodial staff have to manage and support young people with FASD. In tandem with a study assessing the prevalence of FASD among youth in detention in Western Australia (WA), this study aims to establish the current knowledge, attitudes, experiences and practices regarding FASD and other neurodevelopmental impairments among youth custodial officers in order to develop training resources for this workforce. Methods: We invited youth custodial officers in the only youth detention centre in WA to participate in an online or hardcopy survey. The survey was developed following extensive consultation with the workforce and investigated their knowledge, attitudes, experiences and practices relating to FASD and other neurodevelopmental impairments. This included experience working with young people with FASD and other impairments, and attitudes towards relevant training. Results: 112 youth custodial officers (51% of the youth custodial workforce) completed the survey. While many respondents had heard of FASD (77%) and understood it is relevant to the justice system (74%), limited indepth FASD knowledge existed. Many respondents were unsure or unaware that FASD is permanent brain damage (53%) and cannot be outgrown (57%). Respondents were infrequently informed if a young person in detention had a diagnosis of FASD. Almost all custodial officers indicated motivation to complete training to further understand FASD (92%) and other neurodevelopmental impairments (94%), with particular interest in the application of management strategies appropriate for affected young people. Conclusions: A lack of specific knowledge, inadequate training to recognise and manage young people with neurodevelopmental impairments, and inconsistent information-sharing processes reduce the ability of the custodial workforce to care for young people with FASD and other neurodevelopmental impairments. These findings have supported the development and evaluation of training resources targeting the specific needs and requests of the WA youth custodial workforce, and this is now underway. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The aim of this study was to analyse judges' sentencing remarks in cases of domestic murder. In undertaking a qualitative analysis, the methodology of grounded theory was used, and the data emanating from the judges' sentencing remarks identified several major themes as discussed in this article. Broadly speaking, the data reflect that women are viewed more harshly than men and receive higher sentences. In addition, judges are distancing male offenders from their responsibility for their violent conduct, rendering them potential candidates for more lenient treatment in terms of sentence. The analysis also reveals that judges frequently rely on stereotypes and traditional notions of marriage, family and femininity in determining an offender's sentence. These assumptions are embedded in the different set of descriptors used by judges to describe male and female offenders.

Critics of restorative justice claim that its popularity is based on 'humanistic sentiment' and suggest that the process is incapable of achieving its aim of restoring victims and offenders. The current study sought to establish if restorative justice is capable of restoring victims and offenders in a meaningful manner, or if the process simply results in a superficial renovation of the impact of crime. Seventy-two victims and offenders participated in a community group conference model of restorative justice and were compared on outcome variables with a control group of victims and offenders who underwent a conventional court process. Results demonstrate that the process is capable of impacting upon variables associated with the criminal act. Furthenmore, it is argued that a reduction in offending behaviour and victimisation impact are realistic outcomes of the restorative justice processes. Finally, regression analysis indicated that victims were satisfied with the restorative justice process as a resutt oftheir greater participation rather than their satisfaction with reparation or restitution.

Existing models of forgiveness do not easily accommodate victims of crime. Therefore, this article presents an examination of the meaning of forgiveness from the perspective of crime victims. A grounded theory approach was adopted to analyse the data from a series of semi-structured interviews carried out with victims of serious violent offences. Results indicated that victims generally thought forgiveness was both positive and beneficial. Whereas major models of forgiveness emphasize the interpersonal nature of forgiveness, victims of crime conceived of the construct as strongly intrapersonal. Forgiveness was comprised of four parts: self-awareness, letting go, perspective-taking and moving on. Each of these aspects was examined in light of the data and contrasted with existing literature. This study establishes a new area of forgiveness research and provides further insight into the psychological experience of victims of crime.

Criminal justice statistics show that Australia is the fourth highest nation for non-sexual violent assault and that most assaults are not random events. We investigated how grievances escalate into violence in a series of in-depth interviews with male maximum security prisoners who had a record of violent offences. Our analyses focused on the experience of grievance escalation and the justifications offered for the use of violence. We found that grievances were often triggered by psychological harm (broken promises, insults, inconsiderate behaviour) and that, although most of the men thought about the grievances only in terms of themselves and one other person, significant others, such as girlfriends or friends, on occasions provided weapons or encouraged violence. The involvement of significant others in escalating grievances suggests that violence prevention programs should include training in impression management and in skills to counter the insistence of girlfriends, family, and others for an aggressive response.

The theoretical notion of an inflated sense of entitlement has recently been proposed as a criminogenic need. Criminogenic needs are those factors which are directly related to criminal behaviour and recidivism. The three determinants that are required for a characteristic to qualify as a criminogenic need are that it can distinguish criminal behaviour, is able to be measured, and has the ability to generate pro-social change. The Sense of Entitlement Questionnaire (SOEQ) was designed in the absence of an appropriate instrument to measure this construct within the offending population. The SOEQ was administered to non-offenders, non-violent offenders and violent offenders. The results indicated that violent offenders have a more inflated sense of entitlement than non-offenders and non-violent offenders that, when violated, is more likely to result in violent behaviour. Future studies may now focus on whether an inflated sense of entitlement has the capacity to be changed.

Criminal sentiments are the highest risk factor for recidivism. Although criminal sentiments have been reliably measured, there are few scales measuring violent sentiments. The aim of this study was to report on three studies exploring the theory and psychometrics of a new Justification for Violence Scale (JFV). The JFV items have high ecological validity in that they were drawn from in-depth interviews with violent men. Psychometric analysis showed that the JFV was unifactorial with high criterion-related validity differentiating three distinct groups (sample N=530): male offenders, men and women from the community, and university undergraduates. In a further study of 250 community adults, high correlations with self-reported physical aggression and violent fantasies, and negative correlations with social desirability supported the JFV's convergent and discriminant validity. The JFV can be used by researchers or clinicians as a single measure or the items can be inserted into the Criminal Sentiments Scale to enhance the measurement of violent and criminal attitudes and beliefs.

Drawing on interviews with human services workers with experience in the design and delivery of rehabilitation programs for Indigenous male offenders, this chapter examines how cultural differences, attitudes towards program facilitators, literacy and other factors can affect program delivery, and how programs can become more responsive to participants' needs. It presents an outline of characteristics common to Indigenous men referred to anger management programs, including low self esteem and a sense of frustration, anger and powerlessness, especially in young, urban Aborigines and mostly in response to social and economic marginalisation. The authors identify triggers or contextual factors implicated in violence, including interfamily feuds, jealousy within intimate relationships and alcohol intoxication. The chapter discusses various issues that may affect the participation of Indigenous men in anger management programs, and ways in which the issues may affect rehabilitation outcomes.

This paper serves as a brief introduction into the life and works of the French psychoanalyst, Francoise Dolto. Although acclaimed around the world, she is almost unknown in the United Kingdom as most of her books are not available in translation. It is suggested that this omission is largely due to the complicated post-war politics amongst Parisian psychoanalytic organizations and with the IPA. With reference to four questions, it is hoped that this paper will stimulate a greater interest into her life, her theoretical ideas and her clinical work, so that they become better known and her contribution to psychoanalysis can receive the recognition it deserves.

Criminogenic needs are now well established in the fields of psychology and criminology as factors that identify risk of criminal behaviour and recidivism. We propose that an inflated sense of entitlement may also be identified as a criminogenic need. An examination of the literature revealed an extensive variety of descriptions pertaining to an inflated sense of entitlement from character excesses to character deficits. However, whilst the wide variety of notions may be correct, there has been no mention, nor acknowledgement, of the origin of the concept of a sense of entitlement. In this article we will illustrate how an inflated sense of entitlement underpins criminal behaviour in general and violent behaviour in particular by using the framework proposed by Plato. An inflated sense of entitlement is then is discussed in response to each of the criteria required to be classified as a criminogenic need. This notion is purely theoretical and will benefit from qualitative exploration and quantitative investigation.

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008Successful transient EM survey in the North Sea at 100 m water depthAuthors: Anton ZiolkowskiDavid WrightGuy HallCraig ClarkeAnton ZiolkowskiPetroleum Geo‐Services, 40 Sciennes, Edinburgh EH9 1NJ, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author, David WrightPetroleum Geo‐Services, 40 Sciennes, Edinburgh EH9 1NJ, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author, Guy HallPetroleum Geo‐Services, 40 Sciennes, Edinburgh EH9 1NJ, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author, and Craig ClarkePetroleum Geo‐Services, 40 Sciennes, Edinburgh EH9 1NJ, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.3063738 SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract We describe the acquisition, processing, and interpretation of a successful transient electromagnetic survey acquired in water 100 m deep in the North Sea with a 30‐channel sea‐floor receiver cable and bipole current source. The equipment was deployed along several lines to record data with very dense subsurface coverage: source‐receiver offsets in the range 1,000 — 6,000 m with 200 m increments and mid‐points every 100 m. Data quality was appraised and processed in real time. A special feature of the processing was removal of the air wave, which allowed the data to be inverted for subsurface resistivities using tried and tested algorithms. We present the results, revealing a promising target, and step‐by‐step processing and inversion of the data.Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3063738FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byTime evolution of the electric field using the rapid expansion method with pseudospectral evaluation of spatial derivatives — Part 1Paul L. Stoffa and Anton Ziolkowski13 September 2019 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 84, No. 5The Potential of the Controlled Source Electromagnetic Method: A Powerful Tool for Hydrocarbon Exploration, Appraisal, and Reservoir CharacterizationIEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Vol. 29, No. 4Comparison of PRBS and square‐wave transient CSEM data over Peon Gas Discovery, NorwayAnton Ziolkowski, David Wright, and Johan Mattsson8 August 2011 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2008 Pages: 3713 publication data© 2008 Copyright © 2008 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 15 Dec 2008 CITATION INFORMATION Anton Ziolkowski, David Wright, Guy Hall, and Craig Clarke, (2008), "Successful transient EM survey in the North Sea at 100 m water depth," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 667-671. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3063738 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...

The words 'restorative' and 'prison' seem somehow incompatible. Consequently, it ought to be acknowledged that '[a]t one level there can be no such thing as a restorative prison' (Coyle 2001b:7). However, as Coyle (2001b:8) also notes, 'in the interests of prisoners, of prison staff and of civil society one has to set one's ambitions higher than that'. It is already acknowledged that the prison systems we have in the developed world fail to compel offenders to take responsibility for the harm they have caused, fail to recognise the importance of victims in the equation, and fail to demonstrate values inherent in civil society. Accordingly, this article explores the notion of the restorative prison and looks at ways in which restorative and therapeutic processes might work to establish a wholly restorative and therapeutic prison in Australia. That is, a prison whose regime is run entirely on restorative and therapeutic principles rather than a prison that might have established a therapeutic or restorative unit or a prison which runs therapeutic or restorative programs. As Liebmann (2007:250) suggests, 'it is not enough to have a single project to demonstrate "look how restorative we are" - rather a prison needs to look at all ways it can fulfil the values'.