So fast, so five: Batteries & Supercaps is already celebrating its 5 year anniversary this year, taking the step from its fledgling years to being an established journal. How Volume 5 fared and what is to come this year will be presented in this editorial. Last year has seen a further increase in the average temperature of Earth. With the concomitant increase in natural disasters, it is becoming clearer that climate change has to be mitigated; a central question will be how energy is created and stored. Great progress has been made in energy storage, with new electrode chemistries having been established, while finding alternatives to lithium is becoming one of the major challenges. Batteries & Supercaps will continue publishing the high value content as it has done the last five years to further the research in energy storage—ranging from artificial intelligence, methods for investigation of electrode processes, and material development and design to aspects of their application. The range in battery research addressed by our most-accessed manuscripts published last year is very broad, from material development to the end-of-life evaluation of batteries, showing that Batteries & Supercaps is well established in the field. The last years during the pandemic have shown how central conferences are to connect scientists, for forging relationships, developing new ideas and collaborations, and last but not least hearing about the amazing science done. After almost two years of conneting with the scientific was possibly through online events, in-person events are finally coming back, much desired by all participants. Batteries & Supercaps has had the pleasure to attend the 4th International Symposium on Magnesium Batteries (MagBatt IV) in Ulm, Germany, and the NordBatt conference in Göteborg, Sweden. At the latter we are delighted that we could honour young scientists by awarding prices for the best poster presentations (Florian Gebert (Uppsala University, Sweden) and Lea Rougette (Chalmers, Sweden; runner up)) and the best design/layout (Amalie Skurtweit, University of Oslo, Norway). Congratulations to all winners for their amazing work! To tighten bonds with the energy storage communities, Batteries & Supercaps are planning to publish several Special Collections: A Special collection on the topic of Solid-State Batteries is jointly organized and published with Advanced Energy Materials, ChemSusChem, Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research, and Energy Technology. First contributions have already been published. The NordBatt conference series invites researchers from industry and academia (amont other stakeholders) in the Nordic and Baltic countries. This series is highlighted by our NordBatt Special Collection, for which we are closely collaborating with our board member Patrik Johansson, who organized the meeting in 2022, and the former organizers. Please keep an eye on our dedicated page NordBatt 2022 for contributions. Our Sodium Battery (joint ChemSusChem and Energy Technology) Special Collection highlights the contributions made at the International Conference on Sodium Batteries . The conference chairs, Dr. Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens and Prof. Dr. Stefano Passerini retired from their respective positions in Ulm at the end of 2022. We are very grateful for their continued support of Batteries & Supercaps throughout the past years and wish them all the best for their future. As a publisher of European chemical societies, Chemistry Europe has joint forces with Battery 2030+ to underline the high quality of Battery Research in Europe. The entire portfolio of Chemistry Europe will participate, making this a truly European effort, yet ChemSusChem, Chemistry–A European Journal, and Batteries & Supercaps will be the initial journals participating. Batteries & Supercaps is dedicated to supporting young scientists; to further this support, we will be hosting a Special Collection on Young Researchers in Battery Research. Finally, the biggest news in the Chemistry Europe portfolio is the launch of Chemistry Europe's new flagship journal: ChemistryEurope – the journal. ChemistryEurope, conceived as a high-quality, high-impact Gold Open Access journal covering all areas of chemistry, will start in 2023, employing three leading scientists as Editors in chief, all of whom are already strongly connected to the Chemistry Europe family of journals as board members: Luisa De Cola (Università degli Studi di Milano and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Italy) is an expert on luminescent systems and nanoporous structures for biomedical applications and is a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of ChemPlusChem and the International Advisory Board of Angewandte Chemie. Ken Tanaka (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan) is an expert on organic synthesis and transition metal catalysis and a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of the European Journal of Organic Chemistry. Ive Hermans (University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA) is an expert on sustainable chemistry and catalysis engineering and is a member of the Editorial Advisory Boards of ChemCatChem and ChemSusChem. ChemistryEurope will feature as the new flagship journal in Chemistry Europe's publishing program, alongside Chemistry – A European Journal, the ChemXChem family, the open access titles led by ChemistryOpen, and their sister journals. The editorial team at Batteries & Supercaps is looking forward to working with you in the year 2023. At Batteries & Supercaps we are striving to give everyone the best experience that we can offer. This is especially true with regard to our scientific content, in which we are guided by our Editorial Board and Early Career Advisory Board. To further improve our service to the energy storage community, we encourage you to send us your feedback or ideas by contacting us through our journal email address ([email protected]) or through (Twitter @Batt_Supercaps). We'd be pleased to hear from you!

Two salts with one-dimensional, SiS(2)-type telluridostannate chain anions {[MSnTe(4)](2-)}(n), Rb(2)[HgSnTe(4)] (2) and (NMe(4))(2)[MnSnTe(4)] (3), were prepared by the reactions of [SnTe](4-) anions with Hg(2+) or Mn(2+) ions in solution. We present the crystal structures of 2 and 3, as well as the magnetic properties of the previously reported Cs(+) analogue Cs(2)[MnSnTe(4)] (1).

AbstractThe crystal structures of the new compounds (VI) and (IX) arte determined by single crystal XRD.

Frequency-dependent third-order conductivity spectra δ'3(ν) of various ion conducting glasses and glass ceramics were obtained by applying sinusoidal electric fields with high amplitudes and by analysing the resulting higher-harmonic currents. In the DC conductivity regime, the third-order conductivity δ3, dc was found to be positive for all materials and at all temperatures. From the ratio of the third-order conductivity to the low-field conductivity, δ3, dc/δ1, dc, apparent jump distanceswere calculated. These apparent jump distances aremuch larger than jump distances between neighbouring sites in the glasses and decrease with increasing temperature. In (Li2O)1−x · (Na2O)x · Al2O3 · (SiO2)4 glasses, themixed alkali effect leads to aminimumin the apparent jump distance, while partial crystallisation of Li2O · Al2O3 · (SiO2)2 glasses leads to an increase of the apparent jump distance. In the dispersive regime, the third-order conductivity δ'3(ν) of all glasses and glass ceramics is negative and exhibits an approximate power-law dependence, however with a larger exponent than the dispersive low-field conductivity δ'1(ν). For a given material, the third-order conductivity spectra δ'3(ν) obey the time-temperature superposition principle and can be superimposed by using the Summerfield scaling. Remarkably, the shift between the δ'3(ν) master curves of differentmaterials is much stronger than the shift between the δ'1(ν) master curves. In order to rationalize this effect, we calculate the nonlinear dispersive hopping conductivity in a doubleminimum potential approximation.

A new experimental approach for measuring the ionic conductivity of solid materials is proposed. The experiment is based on bombarding an ion conducting sample with an alkali ion beam. This generates a well defined surface potential which in turn causes ion transport in the material. The ion transport is measured at the back side of the sample. The viability of the concept is demonstrated by measuring the temperature dependence of the potassium ion conductivity of a potassium borosilicate glass. The activation energy for the potassium transport is 1.04 eV ± 0.06 eV. For comparison, conductivity data obtained by impedance spectroscopy are presented, which support the bombardment induced data.

We present higher order conductivity spectra sigma'3(nu) of different ion conducting glasses and glass ceramics, which were taken over broad frequency ranges and at different temperatures. The sigma'3(nu) spectra are characterized by a change in sign, namely from positive values in the dc regime to negative values in the dispersive regime. In the dispersive regime, sigma'3(v) exhibits an approximate power-law-type frequency dependence, albeit with a significantly larger exponent than the low- field conductivity sigma 1'(nu). The sigma 3'(nu) isotherms of an individual glass or glass ceramic can be superimposed by using the Summerfield scaling. The resulting sigma 3'(v) master curves of different materials show strong shifts on the scaled frequency axis with respect to each other. This implies strong differences between the materials regarding the nonlinearity of the dispersive conductivity. In order to rationalize this effect, we calculate the nonlinear dispersive hopping conductivity in a double-well potential approximation.

The transport of potassium ions through potassium borosilicate glass has been investigated experimentally by measuring the back side current induced by ion bombardment of the front side. The experimental data are compared to calculations employing the Nernst-Planck-Poisson model. The analysis allows deriving the bulk ion conductivity respectively diffusion coefficient of the material. The role of interface transport is discussed.

Abstract We have measured third-order conductivity and permittivity spectra of a Li2O · Al2O3 · 4 SiO2 glass and of a 0.15 Na2O · 0.85 GeO2 glass by applying ac electric fields up to 100 kV cm−1. For the application of these high fields, the glass samples are interfaced with highly conductive liquid electrolyte solutions. In this field range, the electrical response due to ion dynamics in the bulk of a glass sample is weakly nonlinear, while the electrical reponse due to ion transport across the interface between glass sample and liquid electrolyte is strongly nonlinear. For both glasses, the real part of the third-order conductivity is characterised by a change in sign in a frequency range where the diffusive bulk ion dynamics passes over into the subdiffusive bulk ion dynamics. On the other hand, the real part of the third-order permittivity spectra is characterised by a change in sign at lower frequencies where ion transport across the glass / liquid electrolyte interface passes over into the bulk ion transport. We show that these changes in sign can be rationalised by considering an equivalent circuit for a disordered solid ion conductor interfaced with a highly conductive liquid. In this circuit, the bulk and interfacial resistances are assumed to decrease with increasing voltage.

Syntheses, structures, and physical properties of three inorganic framework compounds [K(2)(H(2)O)(3)][MnGe(4)Se(10)] (1), (NMe(4))(2)[MnSn(4)Se(10)] (2), and (NMe(4))(2)[FeSn(4)Se(10)] (3) are presented. The title compounds are based on a prominent open framework anionic structure; in these cases, however, they contain K(+), the smallest type of counterion to be included so far (1), or represent Sn analogues (2, 3). Both changes with respect to related compounds are reflected in peculiar physical properties, such as ion conductivity or relatively small band gaps.

The influence of hydrostatic pressure on diffusion and ionic conduction is providing deeper insights into the atomistic mechanisms of ionic motion in glasses. We have studied the tracer diffusion of 22Na in a sodium borate glass and of 86Rb in a rubidium borate glass as functions of hydrostatic pressures. The activation volumes of tracer diffusion are DeltaVD(Rb) = 33.5 cm3 mol-1 and DeltaVD(Na) = 6.1 cm3 mol-1. In comparison, the activation volumes of charge diffusion obtained recently from the pressure dependence of conductivity are smaller: DeltaVsigma(Rb) = 7.2 cm3 mol(-1) and DeltaVsigma(Na) = 2.8 cm3 mol(-1). These differences, where (DeltaVD - DeltaVsigma) > 0, imply that the Haven ratios decrease with pressure. This effect is particularly significant for the rubidium borate glass. Starting from basic equations of linear response theory for mass and charge transport, we develop a model that accounts for these experimental findings. The difference between the activation volumes, DeltaVD and DeltaVsigma, and the pressure-dependent Haven ratios are consequences of collective movements of ions in glass, implying a concerted motion of ions in a chain- or caterpillar-like fashion. In our treatment, it is a vacant site (with ions jumping into it successively) that moves along an extended pathway. Hence, we regard vacant sites as the carriers of charge and ions as the carriers of diffusing matter. The decrease of the Haven ratio with pressure is attributed to the influence of pressure on the topology of the conduction pathways, which are progressively straightened out with increasing pressure.

Polypyrrole (pPy) electrodes containing polysulfonated aromatic anions are investigated by cyclic voltammetry as electrodes for use in electrochemical supercapacitors. These ‘ladder-doped’ materials are deposited as thick films (ca. 10 μm) having open structures that permit the rapid insertion/ejection (up to 300 mV s−1) of cations and anions from aqueous solution, and give an effective or ‘geometric’ capacitance of up to 0.40 F cm−2. The ‘dual mode’ doping behaviour seems essential for good capacitive response. These electrodes show a remarkable tendency to perform better at high cycling rates, an effect attributed to the way the structure ‘self-organises’ during the self-doping process. Good electrode response depends on protecting the open structure containing hydrophilic ion-conducting channels.

Several strategies are investigated for ‘activating’ polypyrrole electrodes for use in electrochemical supercapacitors. These include: the development of columnar morphologies by micellar deposition, self-doping by attachment of anions, and the use of aryl sulfonates to promote cross-linking and hydrophilicity. The key to improved performance, especially in this last example, is the apparent coupling of doping processes to structural relaxations that encourage solvent uptake by the polymer and ready access for dopant ions to all available sites. Thick (15–20 μm) films of polypyrrole activated in this way can be charged and discharged reversibly at scan rates up to 300 mV s−1, indicating a possible use in high-power supercapacitors.