The first successful surface modification of finely dispersed NaCl particles was achieved during their synthesis in situ in the presence of CuCl2 and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Obtained layered structure is stable to washing with polar organic solvents and to environmental moisture.

In the investigation EuF3 nanoparticles modification method is proposed. Ligand-assisted synthesis of RE fluorides makes it possible to obtain stable colloids of surface-modified nanoparticles. This method gives products with higher values of coordinated ligand surface density and can be also used to control the nanoparticle size and shape. Formation of a chemical bond between the ligands and metal ions is shown by IR and luminescence spectroscopies. It is shown that surface modification is a way to enhance the luminescence. EuF3 nanoparticles modified with Dbm and Phen have intense luminescence, with red emission at ~612 nm prevailed. It is shown that energy transfer from the coordinated Phen and Dbm to Eu3+ ions in the surface complexes makes a main contribution to the luminescence intensity increase.

We observe stimulated low-frequency Raman scattering (SLFRS) caused by laser pulse interaction with acoustic vibrations of nanoparticles in water suspensions of LaF3 nanoparticles. We show that frequency shifts of the scattering correspond to the eigenfrequencies of nanoparticles vibrations. LaF3 nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of glycine by a double jet precipitation technique at various initial concentrations of reagents. We investigate the morphologies and particle sizes as well as size distributions of the particles prepared using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamical light scattering (DLS). In view of the absorption spectroscopy, we show that the reaction system components and products have no absorption in the visible region, including λ = 694.3 nm. From the luminescence spectroscopy, we find also that they do not emit at λ = 694.3 nm excitation.

The method for grafting dithiacrown ether and its linear analogue to the silica surface using preliminary prepared organosilicon derivative is developed. The importance of the acylation step in the process of grafting is underlined. The acylation is required to prevent sorption of platinum metals complex anions by the anion exchange mechanism, the probability of which increases due to protonation of the spacer in an acidic medium. The interaction of palladium(II) with anchored ligands in hydrochloric acid media was studied in details. The comparative study of two sorbents revealed that the macrocyclic effect plays a negligible role in binding of palladi um(II) ions. Therefore, linear ligands are preferred for the development of sorbents for molecular recognition of platinum metals ions.

The major trends in research into the sorption recovery and separation of platinum metals are critically surveyed. The advantages and disadvantages are described for ion-exchange and complexing sorbents based on organic polymers, chemically modified silicas, sorbents with applied macrocyclic compounds, hybrid organomineral sorbents with supported polymers, molecular imprinted sorbents, solid-phase extractants based on ionic liquids, biosorbents, and other types of sorbents. The technological potentials of these sorbents are evaluated.

Various methods for obtaining highly dispersed sodium chloride in the form of powders and sols in organic solvents were studied and compared. These include the mechanical grinding in a ball mill, laser ablation, cryochemical method, solvent-substitution method, pyrolysis of an aerosol, and a number of chemical methods. The samples obtained were examined by X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering technique. The methods for obtaining highly dispersed NaCl were compared in three basic parameters: size of particles being obtained, their size distribution, and productivity. It was shown that, depending on a method used, sodium chloride particles with average sizes in the range from 15–30 nm to 10–20 μm can be obtained.

We register stimulated low-frequency Raman scattering (SLFRS) caused by laser-pulse interaction with nanoparticle acoustic vibrations in an ethanol suspension of sodium chloride nanoparticles and measure the SLFRS conversion efficiency and threshold. Frequency shifts of scattered light from the exciting light frequency are situated in the gigahertz range. We show that the frequency shifts increase with decrease in the nanoparticle sizes.

•Doughnut-like EuF3 aggregates were fabricated.•The EuF3 particle surface can be modified by different methods.•Dbm− and Phen form the surface complexes at the surface modification processes.•Surface modification with Dbm− and Phen leads to luminescence intensity enhancement.•Energy transfer in surface complexes makes a main contribution to the enhancement.

Approaches to chemical modification of surfaces of metal salt crystals, which until recently are not considered objects for surface modification, are collected and analyzed. Possibilities of postsynthetic modification and modification in situ during synthesis of metal salt nanoparticles are discussed. Data for structures of the surface complexes forming upon the interaction of modifiers (organic molecules) and ions on a particle surface and the stability and properties of such complexes are given. Areas of and prospects for practical application of different surface-modified metal salts are shown.

The regularities of formation and luminescence of zinc sulfide nanoparticles modified with various amino acids were studied. The luminescence intensity of ZnS sols depends strongly on the nature of the modifier and from 30 to 40 times increases in the case of methionine and glycine or nearly completely disappears in the case of cysteine. Two main stages of formation of unmodified and surface-modified ZnS were revealed: a very rapid formation of ZnS nanoparticles and a relatively slow process of ordering of the internal particle structure with the formation of luminescence centers. In the case of modified objects, the role of such centers could be played by surface zinc ions bound to amino acids.

The formation of sols and precipitates of zinc sulfide as a result of the exchange reaction in an aqueous solution was studied. The precipitates consist of aggregates of primary particles about 3 nm in size. The primary ZnS particle size in aqueous sols increases with an increase in the concentration of zinc sulfate and sodium sulfide, with the accumulation of the final reaction product, and with temperature. This effect does not exceed an 1.5-fold increase. At the first step, the particles with a considerable fraction of the amorphous phase are formed and undergo intragrain crystallization. The photoluminescence properties of aqueous sols of zinc sulfide were studied. They are caused by defects in the ZnS lattice and by the presence of the lattice oxygen.

The surface chemical modification of LaF3 nanocrystals with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol and Xylenol orange was investigated. The study of the complexes of these ligands with lanthanum ions in aqueous solution and on the LaF3 surface revealed significant differences in their properties. The surface complexes are characterized by the slower kinetics of the formation and higher stability.

A new method for the preparation of copper and zinc sulfides nanoparticles in homogeneous aqueous solutions using cysteine as a surface modifier was proposed. The size of the particles obtained is 5–7 and 1.5–3 nm for copper and zinc sulfides, respectively, depending on the concentration of the reactants. Associates of the nanoparticles 10–30 nm in size are formed in the system with an increase in the total concentrations of the sulfides. Sols of the nanoparticles obtained in cysteine solutions are resistant to oxidation and coagulation within several weeks. The variation of the synthesis conditions makes it possible to obtain zinc sulfide particles with optical properties related to size effects.

Nanoscale crystals of CuS are synthesized by a wet chemical method in water and modified with 1-dode-canethiol. Double drop mixing of strong solutions of CuCl2 and Na2S with their dilution in situ is used for synthesis. The synthesized nanoparticles are examined by the methods of dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.