Siegesbeckiae herba (SH) with a cold nature exerts therapeutic effects including dispelling wind-dampness, benefiting joints. This study aims to explore the effects of SH and its fractionated components on neuroendocrine metabolism functions in heat syndrome rats and to clarify the property attribution of each component. The main components of SH were isolated via modern separation techniques. A heat syndrome rat model was established by administration of levothyroxine sodium. Metabolomics was employed to screen differential expressed metabolites (DEMs) and metabolic pathways, and indicators related to neuroendocrine metabolism were determined. A total of 107 DEMs involving 17 pathways were screened out. It was found that SH and its fractions could inhibit the abnormally activated metabolic pathways in hot syndrome rats. Among them, the terpenoids fraction showed the optimal regulatory effect on neurotransmitter imbalance, excessive activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, and energy/substance metabolism disorders and was confirmed as the main material basis for the cold nature of SH. This study demonstrates that SH and its fractionated components exert therapeutic effects on heat syndromes by regulating the neuroendocrine energy metabolism and related pathways. This provides scientific support for the clinical syndrome differentiation application and further development of SH.

Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-3 from Synergistic Antitumor Activity of Gemcitabine and ABT-737 In Vitro and In Vivo through Disrupting the Interaction of USP9X and Mcl-1

Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (AP), as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used for thousands of years in China. In this paper, the botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, analytical methods, quality control, pharmacological effects, and toxicity of AP were reviewed. It can provide a reference for the further research and lay a foundation for the rational clinical application of AP. The relevant information on AP was collected from scientific databases (such as Baidu Scholar, CNKI, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SciFinder Scholar), Chinese herbal classics, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, PhD and MSc dissertations, and so on. The components which have been isolated and identified in AP include coumarins, volatile oils, organic acids, terpenes, polysaccharides, flavonoids, sterols, and trace elements. Most of them were analyzed by HPLC and GC. A pharmacological study shows that the AP has extensive pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antirheumatism, sedative and hypnotic, neuroprotection, antioxidation, antitumor, and allergy, and it is widely used in the treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis, knee osteoarthritis, lumbar disc, ankylosing spondylitis, headaches, stroke hemiplegia, Alzheimer's, and arrhythmia. AP is a valuable natural medicinal plant. So far, significant advances have been made in phytochemistry and pharmacology. Some traditional uses have been demonstrated by modern pharmacology. However, the chemical components and pharmacological effects of AP are complex and varied, and there are different standards for the evaluation of its quality and efficacy. The mechanism of action, the structure-activity relationship among the components, and the potential synergistic and antagonistic effects remain to be studied. At the same time, there are few studies on the specific compounds related to its pharmacodynamics. In order to better develop and utilize AP, we should establish a more reasonable, reliable, and accurate quality control standard and focus on the study of bioactive constituents and the demonstration of their mechanism of action.

The essence of translational medicine is the collaborative innovation of scientific research management.By investigating, there are the operation obstacles in five aspects about translational medicine in China, such as subject language, thinking mode, the top-level design, system and mechanism, organizational culture.Therefore, translational medicine needs to integrate the entire process by the common goal, takes the joint efforts to complete research projects by the research mode of "big science", focuses on the interests of every research personnel, promote scientific research resources flow freely, evaluates the scientific achievements reasonably, and eventually realizes the effective operation of scientific research complex networks of multi-agent collaborative in translational medicine.

Objective To investigate the outcome of surgical treatment for patients with left renal carcinoma associated with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus.Methods Data from 25 consecutive patients (15 male cases and 10 female cases) with left renal carcinoma and IVC thrombus were retrospectively reviewed in our hospital from December 2009 to December 2014.The patients were classified according to location of the upper extent of the tumor thrombus,including level Ⅰ (or renal) in 9 cases (36％),level Ⅱ (or retrohepatic) in 9 cases (36％),level Ⅲ (or suprahepatic) in 4 cases(16％) and level Ⅳ (or atrial) in 3 cases (12％).Magnetic resonance angiography was applied in each patient to determine the accurate location of tumorous embolus.All patients accepted radical nephrectomy and caval thrombectomy under the general anesthesia.For cases with the level Ⅰ and l thrombus (the sub-hepatic thrombus type),caval thrombectomy was not performed until the bilateral renal veins and sub-hepatic IVC were well-exposed and controlled by tourniquets.For cases with level Ⅲ thrombus (the post-hepatic thrombus type),sub-thrombus IVC,bilateral renal veins,first hilus hepatis and retrohepatic IVC should be exposed and controlled sequentially through piggyback technique assisted by specialist before caval thrombectomy.For the cases with level Ⅳ thrombus (the supra-diaphragm type),the thrombectomy was performed under control of superior vena cava through thoracotomy if embolus was found near the right atrium.Otherwise,extracorporeal circulation should be considered.Results All patients received radical nephrectomy and caval thrombectomy successfully with the lesions extirpated.No death occurred during hospital stay.The average operation duration was 180 min(range 130-300 min)and blood loss was 500 ml(range 200-3 000 ml) One patient (level Ⅲ tumor thrombus) complicated by pulmonary embolism and rescued via thrombectomy by the cardiovascular specialists under extracorporeal circulation.The mean duration of follow-up was 47 months,ranged from 3 months to 60 months.The disease-free survival rate was 52％ (13 cases) and the survival with tumor rate was 12％ (3 cases).The rest 9 patients (36％) died due to liver or lung metastasis and multiple organ failure.The 5-year survival rate in the individual level were as follows:level Ⅰ in 8 cases (50％),level Ⅱ in 6 cases (38％) and level Ⅲ in 2 cases (13％).Conclusions Radical nephrectomy and caval thrombectomy is a viable and definitive treatment for left renal carcinoma associated with tumor embolus in the IVC.Extracorporeal circulation and atriotomy should be considered in the cases of acute pulmonary embolism caused by tumor thrombus.

Three new phytoecdysteroid compounds, named niuxixinsterone A (1), B (2) and C (3) with acetal functions in the side-chain were isolated from Achyranthes bidentata Bl. The structures were established as (20R,22R,24S)-20-O,22-O-(5′-hydroxymethyl)-furfurylidene-2β,3β,14α,25-tetrahydroxy-5β-ergost-7-en-6-one (1), (20R,22R)-20-O,22-O-(5′-hydroxymethyl)-furfurylidene-2β,3β,25-trihydroxy-14β-methyl-18-nor-5β-cholesta-7,12-dien-6-one (2) and (20R,22R,25R)-20-O,22-O-(5′-hydroxymethyl)-furfurylidene-2β, 3β,5β,14α,26-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one (3) by means of spectroscopic evidence.

AIM To evaluate intravesical instilliation of epirubicin (EPI) for the prevention of postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer. METHOD Transurethral resection or partial cystectomy was performed on 63 patients with superficial bladder cancer, followed by EPI intravesical instillation once a week for 8 weeks and then once a month until 1 year after surgery. RESULTS All patients have been followed-up for 7 to 28 months. It showed that tumor recurrence occurred only in 4 patients(6.3%). No systemic adverse reaction has been observed, and only 5 patients have transitory bladder irritation. CONCLUSION Postoperative intravesical instillation of EPI for superficial bladder cancer has good prophylactic effects on the recurrence with least side effects.