The conservation of natural enemies through the use of refugia plants is an important strategy to enhance arthropod diversity and stability in rice ecosystems, but its effectiveness may vary across locations. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of several refugia plant species in increasing arthropod diversity in rice fields of South Solok Regency, Indonesia. The study was conducted from December 2024 to April 2025 in Nagari Lubuk Gadang, South Solok Regency. Arthropod sampling was performed using a D-VAC (vacuum sampler) and insect net. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with six treatments (Cosmos caudatus, Ageratum conyzoides, Portulaca oleracea, Celosia cristata, Tagetes erecta, control), in four replications respectively. Observations included species composition, abundance, and diversity indices. The results showed that refugia plants contributed to the suppression of pest populations and improved the stability of arthropod communities. A total of 9 orders, 32 families, and 44 species were recorded, comprising 1,167 individuals, with herbivores accounting for 71.55% of the total population. The dominant herbivores were Cicadulina bipunctata, Leptocorisa oratorius, and Nilaparvata lugens, which were generally more abundant in rice fields without refugia. Predator and parasitoid abundance tended to be higher in the rice fields surrounded by C. cristata and T. erecta. The highest arthropod diversity was recorded in plots with T. erecta (H’ = 3.02), low dominance (0.07) and high evenness (0.86). Therefore, C. cristata and T. erecta are recommended as refugia plants to support sustainable integrated pest management in rice fields of mid-altitude areas.

Padi merupakan tanaman penting dan sumber pangan utama di Indonesia, yang menjadi sumber karbohidrat utama bagi sebagian besar penduduk. Namun, produktivitas nasional belum mampu memenuhi permintaan, sehingga mengakibatkan impor beras. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas melibatkan penggunaan Bacillus spp., yang dikenal dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan isolat Bacillus terbaik yang mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi. Penelitian disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 8 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari satu kontrol dan tujuh isolat Bacillus spp. yaitu: (1) B. waihenstephanensis strain RBTLL 3.2, (2) B. cereus strain MRDKBTE 1.3, (3) B. subtilis strain MRTDUMBE 3.2.1, (4) B. thuringiensis strain MRSNRZ 3.1s, (5) B. cereus strain MRPLUMBE 1.3, (6) B. mycoides strain MRBPBT 2.1, (7) B. mycoides strain MRSNUMBE 2.2 dan (8) Kontrol. Bacillus spp. diintroduksi 2 tahap pada benih padi dan bibit padi berumur 21 hss. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa isolat Bacillus yang mampu dalam memacu dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit, fase vegetatif, generatif dan produksi tanaman padi yaitu isolat B. cereus strain MRPLUMBE 1.3.

In this study, the tritrophic interaction between Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) -Verania lineata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) – Oryza sativa (Poaceae) across the northern, southern, western, and eastern regions of West Sumatra, Padang, Indonesia was investigated. Phylogenetic analyses (Neighbour-Joining and Maximum Parsimony trees) showed a mixture of individuals from different localities within the same clades. For V. lineata and N. lugens respectively, the nucleotide diversity (π) was (0.00532, 0.00136), nucleotide subdivision (Nst) was (0.04266, 0.00388), and population subdivision (Fst) was (0.0427, 0.00395). The lower values for N. lugens revealed its higher movement compared to V. lineata, despite their separation by mountainous area. A total of 14 haplotypes were detected in V. lineata and 9 in N. lugens, with haplotype diversity (Hd) values of 0.7889 and 0.5977, with Hap1 showing the highest frequency, pest and its predator were suggested that Pesisir Selatan as the primary contributor to begin infestation from the same locality, The rice yield production data showed the lowest from Sijunjung in 2024 (38.56 (quintals/ha)), as it has closer geographical and genetic distances to the Pesisir Selatan, as well as shared the same variety of rice. This observation highlights the need for targeted and prioritized management strategies in that area. These findings provide new insights into the distribution and genetic structure of both species, contributing to the development of targeted management strategies aimed at increasing rice yields in the region.

The cassava lace bug (Hemiptera: Tingidae), an invasive pest from South America, has significantly threatened cassava ( Manihot esculenta ) cultivation in Indonesia. The study aimed to identify lace bug species and assess their impact on cassava in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Systematic random sampling was conducted across 15 locations in five sub-districts of Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra. Population density was assessed at three leaf positions (upper, middle, lower) using 50 to 90 plants per location. Damage severity was evaluated using a 0–5 scale, and morphological identification confirmed species identity. The study results indicate that morphological identification confirmed Vatiga illudens as the species infesting cassava plants in Limapuluh Kota District. Two-way ANOVA revealed highly significant effects of leaf position (F₂,₄₅ = 53.576, p < 0.001, ηₚ 2 = 0.994), location (F₄,₃₀ = 82.31, p < 0.001), and their interaction (F₈,₃₀ = 30.19, p < 0.001) on population density. Clear vertical stratification was observed: lower leaves (129.69 ± 5.18 individuals/leaf) > middle leaves (80.97 ± 2.01) > upper leaves (25.79 ± 1.25). Akabiluru district showed the highest infestation levels (82.32 ± 0.58 individuals/leaf) compared to other locations. Nymph populations dominated lower and middle leaf positions, while adults were more abundant on upper leaves. All sites exhibited 100% plant infestation with moderate damage intensity (38.11–47.57%). The entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium lecanii was identified infecting lace bugs. This first record confirms V. illudens establishment in Sumatra with significant ecological impact, emphasizing the urgent need for integrated pest management and surveillance programs.

Masyarakat Nagari VIII Koto yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Payakumbuh, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, bergantung pada hasil pertanian sebagai sumber penghasilan utama, terutama dengan budidaya jahe. Jahe yang dikembangkan kelompok Restu ibu yaitu jenis jahe gajah. Hasil panen yang tidak maksimal akibat serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT) menjadi hambatan utama bagi petani. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, penggunaan rizobakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman atau Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) sebagai agen hayati diperlukan untuk meningkatkan produksi jahe. Tujuan kegiatan pemberdayaan kelompok tani ini untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada kelompok tani mengenai manfaat rizobakteri sebagai agen hayati, yang dapat memacu pertumbuhan dan peningkatan produksi jahe. Metode kegiatan ini menerapkan pendekatan praktis melalui sosialisasi, penyuluhan, dan demonstrasi penanaman langsung yang melibatkan partisipasi aktif kelompok tani. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu kelompok tani memperoleh pemahaman mengenai manfaat rizobakteri sebagai agen hayati untuk memacu pertumbuhan dan hasil. Mereka juga mampu mengidentifikasi organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT) dan mengetahui cara pengendalian yang efektif.

Nagari Sungai Talang memiliki komoditas unggulan berupa kakao yang dibudidayakan Kelompok Tani Inovasi, dengan luas lahan rata-rata 0,5–1 hektar. Kakao menghasilkan limbah kulit kakao sekitar 100 kg per hari. Namun, limbah tersebut belum dimanfaatkan optimal, sehingga menumpuk dan pencemaran lingkungan. Menanggapi permasalahan tersebut, tim pengabdian masyarakat melaksanakan pelatihan pemanfaatan limbah kulit kakao menjadi produk bernilai, pada bulan Agustus hingga September 2024. Pengabdian bertujuan memberikan pemahaman kepada masayarat mengenai pemanfaatan konsorsium PGPB untuk mempercepat proses fermentasi pupuk organik dan pakan ternak, meningkatkan pendapatan petani dari hasil pupuk organik kulit buah kakao, dan mengurangi penggunaan pupuk kimia dan pakan ternak untuk mendukung pertanian ramah lingkungan yang berkelanjutan. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 35 orang peserta dari Kelompok Tani Inovasi. Metode pelatihan meliputi penyampaian materi, diskusi interaktif, dan demonstrasi langsung. Pelatihan menghasilkan peningkatan kemampuan dan pemahaman petani dalam mengolah limbah kulit kakao menjadi produk seperti pupuk organik padat, pupuk organik cair, dan pakan fermentasi. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa 80% peserta memahami dan mampu mengolah limbah secara mandiri. Masyarakat menunjukkan komitmen untuk melanjutkan pengembangan produk berkelanjutan. Kegiatan ini menjadi langkah awal dalam menciptakan sinergi antara masyarakat, pemerintah, dan dunia usaha dalam pemberdayaan petani serta pengelolaan limbah pertanian berbasis sumber daya lokal.

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis is an important disease of chili plants that is difficult to control. Actinobacteria derived from the rhizosphere of chili plants have the potential as biological control agents of R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis. The purpose of the study was to obtain actinobacteria isolates that have the potential to control bacterial wilt disease in planta and increase the growth and production of chili plants. The research consisted of four stages: 1.) Isolation and characterization of actinobacteria isolates, 2.) Inhibition test of actinobacteria isolates from the rhizosphere of chili plants against R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis in vitro 3). The ability of selected actinobacteria to control R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis and increase the growth and production of chili plants 4). Molecular identification of selected actinobacteria from the rhizosphere of chili plants. The results obtained 21 isolates of actinobacteria from the rhizosphere of chili plants. After the biosafety test, 14 isolates could be used in the next test. Actinobacterial isolates that can suppress R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis and produce enzymes and growth-promoting hormones in as many as 12 isolates. A total of 10 best actinobacterial isolates suppressing the development of R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis are RZATABY 7.1, RZATABY 8.11, RZATABY 8.3, RZATABY 8.5, RZATABY 8.6, RZATABY 7.4, RZATBY 8.4, RZATBY 8.8, RZATPY 8.5, and RZATPY 8.6. The best actinobacteria isolate in increasing the growth and yield of chili plants was RZATPY 8.5, with an increase in plant height of 15.97 cm, an increase in the number of leaves 32 strands, accelerating the emergence of flowers 24.4 days and an increase in fresh fruit weight 126.33 g compared to control plants. 16sRNA sequence homology test results from the ten best actinobacteria isolates belong to Streptomyces spp. and Amicolatopsis sp. GLM4.

Purple spot disease caused by Alternaria porri poses a significant threat to shallot plants, potentially leading to yield reductions of up to 40%. Addressing this issue is crucial for maintaining agricultural productivity and ensuring food security. One promising approach to controlling purple spot disease is the utilization of Bacillus spp. consortium, which offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution. In a recent study, researchers aimed to identify the most effective Bacillus spp. consortium for controlling A. porri while also enhancing the growth and yield of shallot plants. The study was employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments and five replicates. These treatments included various combinations of Bacillus strains along with positive and negative controls and a fungicide containing mancozeb 80%. The results of the study demonstrated that the consortium treatment consisting of B. pseudomycoides EPL 1.1.4 + B. cereus TLE 2.3 + B. cereus TLE 1.1 + B. cereus SNE 2.2 was the most effective in reducing purple spot disease development. This treatment exhibited a disease incidence of 17.00% and disease severity of 13.33%. Moreover, the consortium treatment significantly promoted the growth and production of shallot plants. Specifically, plants treated with this consortium exhibited a notable increase in plant height, leaf number, and both fresh and dry bulb weights. The enhanced growth parameters included a plant height of 49.83 cm, a number of leaves of 53.33 strands, and fresh and dry bulb weights of 127.08 g and 96.65 g, respectively.

Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia syzigii subsp. indonesiensis is an important disease of chili plants that can reduce yields up to 90%. Utilization of Bacillus spp. consortium in the form of a formula is an alternative control that is cheap and environmentally friendly. The study aimed to obtain a better storage period of Bacillus spp. consortium solid waste formula for the control of R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis and increase the growth and yield of chili plants. The study was structured in to two distinct phases, namely: 1). Formulation of solid waste-based carrier for Bacillus spp. consortium. 2). The CFU count and biological control efficacy of the Bacillus spp. consortium in the solid waste carrier were assessed at different storage intervals against R. syzigii subsp. indonesiensis. Phase 2 of the study was conducted using CRD (completely randomized design) consisting of 19 treatments and 4 replications. The formulated solid waste based Bacillus spp. consortium was applied to chili seeds and seedlings at the time of sowing and transplanting respectively. Inoculation with R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis was performed after 35 days of planting. The observed variables include the viability of solid waste formula of Bacillus spp. consortium, disease development, seedling and plant growth and yield of chili plants. The results showed that 9 solid formulas of Bacillus spp. consortium that has the potential to control Ralstonia syzigii subsp. indonesiensis disease are Bran + Sugarcane Dregs (4 weeks’ storage), Bran + Rice Straw (4 weeks’ storage), Bran + Rice Straw (6 weeks storage), Bran + Sugarcane Dregs + Rice Straw (4 weeks storage). Additionally, some formulations have potential the potential to increase the growth and yield of chili plants are Bran + Sugarcane Dregs (stored 4 weeks), Bran + Sugarcane Dregs (stored 6 weeks), Bran + Rice Straw stored (4 weeks), Bran + Rice Straw (stored 6 weeks), Bran + Rice Straw (stored 8 weeks), Sugarcane Dregs + Rice Straw (stored 4 weeks), Sugarcane Dregs + Rice Straw (stored 8 weeks).

Bacterial leaf blight disease, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii, is a major disease in shallot plants. This disease can be controlled by using the microorganism Bacillus thuringiensis strain MRTLRZ2.1. The purpose of this research was to find the best liquid formula of B. thuringiensis MRTLRZ2.1 to reduce bacterial leaf blight and increase shallot crop production in the field.The study was done through an experiment using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RAK) with six treatments: coconut water formula (AK), tofu waste formula (AT), rice washing water formula (AB), a mix of coconut, tofu, and rice formulas (AKTB), the chemical bactericide Streptomycin (B), and a control group (K). Each treatment had five replications, and each replication had 20 shallot plants. The observed variables were incubation period, disease incidence, disease severity, plant height, number of leaves, fresh bulb weight, and dry bulb weight. The research found that the combined formulation of coconut water, tofu water, and rice water was effective in suppressing the development of bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii and increasing shallot production in the field. The treatment resulted in a disease severity of 3.25%, an AUDPC value of 65.63, a disease suppression rate of 98.93%, and a dry bulb weight of 9,507 g per planting hole.

Wereng perut putih (Stenocranus pacificus Kirkaldy) merupakan salah satu hama yang menyerang tanaman jagung di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepadatan populasi dan gejala serangan wereng perut putih pada tanaman jagung yang ditanam secara monokultur di kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada lahan pertanaman jagung milik petani di nagari Pakandangan dan nagari Gadur, Kecamatan Enam Lingkung, dan nagari Campago, kecamatan V Koto Kampung Dalam, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari – Mei 2025. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei, dengan pemilihan lahan sampel ditetapkan dengan kriteria luas area minimal 1 Ha. Pada setiap lahan ditentukan sebanyak 5 petak sampel yang ditentukan secara diagonal, yaitu 1 petak terletak di perpotongan garis diagonal dan 4 petak lainnya terletak pada garis diagonal dengan jarak 5 m dari sudut petakan. Setiap petak sampel berukuran 1 x 1m. Masing-masing petak sampel terdiri dari 12 tanaman jagung, sehingga jumlah sampel tanaman jagung yang diamati secara keseluruhan sebanyak 60 tanaman. Data diolah dengan excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan populasi dan serangan S. pacificus pada tanaman jagung di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis varietas tanaman jagung. Selain itu, kepadatan populasi S. pacificus cenderung lebih tinggi pada fase vegetatif dibandingkan fase generatif

This research aimed to study the genetic compatibility of three lowland passion fruit genotypes and to see the effect of various types of pollination on passion fruit characteristics. The research was conducted at the Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang, with an altitude of 168 m above sea level. The study was designed with a factorial complete randomised design (CRD) consisting of two factors. The first factor was the passion fruit type, which consisted of three levels, namely red and yellow passion fruit from Passiflora edulis f. edulis and yellow passion fruit from Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa. The second factor is the type of pollination, which consists of four levels: artificial self-pollination, natural self-pollination, artificial cross-pollination, and natural cross-pollination. Each treatment combination was repeated three times, consisting of one pollination from three different trees. Results showed that the three types of lowland passion fruit have self-incompatibility, which resulted in the inhibition of the fruit formation process of natural and artificial self-pollination. At the same time, the results of natural and artificial cross-pollination showed high compatibility with fruit sets, each reaching 100%. Passion fruit type and pollination type showed no significant interaction on morphological characteristics and fruit flavour. However, passion fruit type had a significant effect on fruit characteristics and flavour. The yellow passion fruit type of Passiflora edulis f. edulis was superior to the red passion fruit type of Passiflora edulis f. edulis and the yellow passion fruit type of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa.

The gambir plant can serve as a raw material for botanical insecticides. Plant-based insecticides are made in nanoemulsion form to overcome the insecticide particle size problem. This study aims to obtain a gambir waste form that has the potential to be used as a botanical insecticide using nanotechnology. The laboratory experiments include preliminary and follow-up tests. The preliminary test involves testing each extract (liquid, solid, and raw gambir waste) at three concentrations using a completely randomized design with four replications. The follow-up test uses the residue method on leaves to test insecticidal activity. Creating nanoemulsion from gambir waste involves mixing organic and liquid phases through spontaneous emulsification. The insecticidal effectiveness of this nanoemulsion is tested on Croccidolomia pavonana. The results show that solid and liquid gambir waste has the potential to be used as alternative insecticides, which can influence the mortality of C. pavonana with an LC50 concentration of 0.22 (solid waste) and 0. 29 (liquid waste), while LC95 is 2.44 (solid waste) and 2.52 (liquid waste). The research promotes utilizing natural resources and innovative technologies, advancing environmentally conscious pest control methods, and fostering sustainable agricultural systems.

Introduction: rhizobacteria Bacillus spp. are microorganisms that reside in plant roots that function as biocontrol agents of plant diseases and increase plant growth and yield. Bacillus spp. consortium is a combination of several Bacillus spp. that synergize and do not inhibit each other. The study aimed to obtain the best Bacillus spp. consortium to control Meloidogyne spp. and increase the growth and yield of tomato plants. Methods: This research is experimental using a completely randomized design consisting of 2 stages, namely 1.) Compatibility test of rhizobakteria consortium Bacillus spp. consists of 6 treatments 4 replicates and 2.) Test consortium rhizobakteria Bacillus spp. selected to control Meloidogyne spp. and increase the yield of tomato plants. The observed variables were the development of root swelling by Meloidogyne spp., and the growth of seedling, vegetative, and generative phases. Results: The results showed that testing all isolates of rhizobacteria Bacillus spp. showed compatibility (compatible). Bacillus spp. rhizobacteria consortium can suppress the development of Meloidogyne spp. and showed different results compared to the control. Bacillus spp. rhizobacteria consortium can increase the growth of tomato seedlings and showed different results compared to the control. Bacillus spp. rhizobacteria consortium can increase the growth of tomato plants in the vegetative phase and showed different results compared to the control. rhizobacteria consortium Bacillus spp. can increase the growth of tomato plants in the vegetative phase and shows different results compared to the control. Conclusion: The best rhizobakteria Bacillus spp. consortium in suppressing the development of Meloidogyne spp. and increasing the growth and yield of tomato plants is Bacillus cereus strain RBI2AB2.2 + Bacillus cereus strain RBIKDA2.2.

Meloidogyne spp. is responsible of root swelling, one of the primary disease in tomato plants. Controlling this nematode is challenging due to its wide host range. The use of synthetic nematicides harms the environment; therefore, alternative controls, such as biological methods, are necessary. Among the biological agents, one group includes endophytic bacteria that reside in plant tissues and do not cause harm to plants. These bacteria enhance plant resistance to pests and pathogens while promoting plant growth. The study aimed to acquire endophytes, Bacillus spp. strains capable of controlling Meloidogyne sp. while stimulating the growth of tomato plants. The research employed a completely randomized design (CRD) comprising seven treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of B. cereus strain SNE 2.2, TLE 2.3 and TLE 1.1, B. pseudomycoides strain EPL 1.1.3, B. toyonensis strain EPL 1.1.4, positive control (without the introduction of Bacillus spp. and inoculation with Meloidogyne sp.) and negative control (without Bacillus spp. and without Meloidogyne sp.). Bacillus spp. endophyites were introduced in two stages: into the seeds and into the roots of tomato seedlings for 15 min. The observed variables were the development of Meloidogyne sp., endophytic colonization of Bacillus spp., and plant growth. The results demonstrated that all Bacillus spp. were effective in controlling Meloidogyne sp. and enhancing the growth of tomato plants. The best isolate in controlling Meloidogyne sp. and increasing the growth of tomato plants was B. cereus strain SNE2.2.

West Sumatra Province is one of the cocoa production centers in Indonesia. Cocoa farmers in the Lima Puluh Kota District in West Sumatera Province had successfully developed a superior clone of cocoa plants resulting from participatory selection, which was later coded BL-50. The main pests that attack cocoa plants are the urgent problem in cocoa cultivation, resulting in decreased productivity. This study aims to determine the level of significant pest attacks on cocoa varieties BL-50 in Tanah Datar Regency. This research is in the form of a survey with a purposive sampling method. Sampling is carried out systematically diagonally in the field. The highest attack rate of Cocoa Fruit Borer in Tanah Datar Regency is in Rambatan District, with the percentage of affected plants, the percentage of infested fruits, and the highest attack intensity, respectively 51,.25%; 31.58% and 21.10%, the lowest were in Lintau Buo Utara District with 30.93%; 20.70% and 13.96%. The highest attack rate of cocoa fruit-sucking ladybugs in the BL-50 variety is in Rambatan District, 66.09%, 45.07%, and 30.45%. At the same time, the lowest is in the Lintau Buo Utara District, with a percentage value of 41.56%, 27.66%, and 18.30%. Excellent and regular land sanitation activities have played a role in minimizing the level of pest attacks in Lintau Buo Utara.

Abstract. Nelly N, Hamid H, Lina EC, Yunisman, Rusli R, Yanti Y, Kairunisa M. 2024. Effectiveness of Bacillus spp. from West Sumatra, Indonesia in controlling Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biodiversitas 25: 1472-1478. Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pest widely recognized for attacking corn plants. This pest was first discovered in early 2019 in West Sumatra, Indonesia, posing a significant threat to agricultural productivity. To control S. frugiperda, local biological agents, namely Bacillus spp., originating from West Sumatra, have been explored as a potential control method. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain Bacillus spp isolates from rhizosphere origin and assess their effectiveness in controlling S. frugiperda in the laboratory. A completely randomized design was used, consisting of five treatments with three replications. The treatments included Bacillus cereus strain MRPLUMBE1.3, Bacillus myocytes strain MRRZLL 2.2, and Bacillus sp. MRTE strain 1.3.3. For comparison, there was a synthetic insecticide (active ingredient chlorantraniliprole) and a control (distilled water). The application of isolate suspension was carried out through larvae feed. The parameters observed included larvae mortality, percentage of formed pupae and adults (imago), number of eggs laid by females, and survival time of adults. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and tested with LSD at the 5% level. The results showed that Bacillus spp. isolates originating from the rhizosphere effectively controlled S. frugiperda larvae. The best isolate that can be used to control S. frugiperda is Bacillus spp. from Solok. Specifically, Bacillus sp. strain MRTPE 1.3.3 showed larvae mortality ranged between 28.33 and 41.67%, and the suspension affected the percentage of formed pupae (51.66%) and the survival time of adults (4.5-5.8 days).

Due to its high economic worth and ability to be consumed in both fresh and processed forms, chili (Capsicum annum L.) is a fruit that is frequently used as a vegetable. Pests and plant diseases, such as bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. Indonesiensis, are the causes of reduced chili productivity. Plants will eventually perish as a result of symptoms like withering of the leaf tips that eventually spread to the undersides of the leaves. The lower vascular tissue and roots of the affected chili plants appear brown. Bacterial wilt is an important disease of chili caused by Ralstonia syzigii subsp. indonesiensis and can reduce yield by up to 90%. The research aimed to obtain the best solid formula consortium of Bacillus spp. for controlling R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis on chili peppers. The study consists of 2 stages: 1). Production of a consortium combination of Bacillus spp. in solid waste 2). Test the ability of the consortium of Bacillus spp. in solid waste to control bacterial wilt in chili plants. The study used a completely randomized design that consisted of 19 treatments and four replications. Each treatment was introduced on chili seeds and seedlings, while the inoculation of R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis was conducted on chili aged 35 days after planting. The results showed that the best solid formula consortium of the Bacillus spp. for controlling bacterial wilt (R. syzigii subsp. indonesiensis) on chili plants is the Bran + Bagasse formula for four weeks of storage.

Abstract Corn is the second-largest agricultural product after rice in Indonesia. The main problem faced in corn production is pests. This study aims to identify and learn the percentage of damage and lost production by the new invasive pest attack on maize in West Sumatera, Indonesia. The location took place in Padang Pariaman and Solok Districts. A survey was used in this research. The results exposed a severe attack of a new invasive pest, S. frugiperda. This pest was found in Padang Pariaman and Solok Districts. The percentage of damage by S. frugiperda in Padang Pariaman (0.71 larvae population per stem) was higher than in Solok District (0.52 larvae population per stem). Then, the population fluctuation of S. frugiperda in Padang Pariaman District was higher than in Solok district. The correlation between the population of S. frugiperda and the production of maize was carried out by regression analysis. The regression model is logarithmic, with a formula y= 380.87 ln(x) + 28 and a value R2= 1 for Batang Anai Subdistrict, and y = 213.52 ln(x) + 35 and a value R2= 1 for Kampung Dalam Subdistrict, Padang Pariaman. Then a formula y= 474.65ln(x) + 11 with a value R2= 1 for Tanah Garam Subdistrict, Solok, and y= 367.89ln(x) + 12 with a value R2= 1 for Tikalak Subdistrict, Solok. S. frugiperda is a new invasive pest, and the vegetative phase is susceptible to S. frugiperda on maize. This pest can cause lost production. If this pest is controlled too late, it can reduce the production of maize. Therefore, farmers must know the right time to control this pest.