通过模拟试验,利用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳法(PCR-DGGE),研究了施入不同碳氮有机物料(秸秆、苜蓿、有机肥、尿素)56 d后,有机生产系统菜田土壤细菌群落结构的特征.结果表明,常规和有机生产系统土壤的细菌群落结构有明显差异.由DGGE图谱Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分析得知,有机背景处理的细菌多样性整体高于常规背景处理,且有机生产系统土壤加秸秆处理(OS)多样性最高,加入尿素后细菌多样性降低,相反,加入苜蓿后细菌多样性升高.非加权组平均法(UPGMA)聚类分析将常规和有机背景土壤分为两大族群.DGGE条带测序和系统进化树表明,30个条带归属为Proteobacteria、Acidobacteria、Actinobacteria、Firmicutes、Verrucomicrobia.常规土壤加苜蓿(CA)处理出现的特征性条带B13与有机背景处理的共有条带B28分别与Bacillus属和Pseudomonas假单胞菌属同源性最高.

利用变性梯度凝胶电泳法(PCR-DGGE),研究了施入不同碳氮有机物料56 d后,有机生产系统菜田土壤真菌群落结构的特征.结果表明,常规生产系统土壤和有机生产系统土壤的真菌群落结构有明显差异.有机生产系统土壤加秸秆处理(OS)的微生物氮含量显著高于其他处理.由DGGE图谱Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分析得知,有机生产系统土壤(O)以及加入苜蓿处理后(OA)的真菌多样性指数大于常规生产系统土壤,但是加入苜蓿后两者之间多样性指数的差距有缩小趋势,有机生产系统土壤加秸秆处理(OS)多样性指数最高.非加权组平均法(UPGMA)聚类分析将常规和有机背景土壤分为2大族群.DGGE条带测序和系统进化树表明,35个条带的近缘种大部分为非培养真菌,主要优势菌群归属为Pyronemataceae、Pleosporaceae和Ascobolaceae.致病真菌Pleosporaceae的F9和F24条带仅存在于常规土壤,经过添加苜蓿改善后(CA),这些致病菌群条带减弱.具有分解纤维素功能的Ascobolaceae真菌为有机土壤的特征性条带.

Objective To investigate the levels of seminal Leptin, ROS, as well as sperm parameters in leukocytospermia patients tretaed with anti-inflammatory therapyand explore their correlation. Methods Total of 80 male infertility patients with leukocytospermia (WBC group) were enrolled in the study, and 40 normal sperm samples were taken as the control. The sperm parameters were detected by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The levels of semen plasma Leptin and ROS were measured using RIA and TBA kits respectively. Results The sperm concentration and viability in WBC group before treatment were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05,P<0.01), whereas, the levels of semen plasma Leptin and ROS were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The level of Leptin in semen plasma was positively correlated with the ROS level (r=0.695, P<0.05). After treatment, the increase of semen viability and decrease of Leptin and ROS level were found in WBC group. Conclusion Increased levels of seminal Leptin and ROS were founded in WBC group. Positive relationship between seminal Leptin and ROS indicated that Leptin might involve in oxidative stress and result in the decrease of sperm concentration and viability.

Objective To study the association between body mass index and semen parameters, gonadotropic and sex hormone, Inhibin B levels in infertile men. Methods 317 infertile men visited outpatient clinic for reproductive treatment and preconception counseling in Renji hospital from January 2012 to December 2012. BMI was assessed and the subjects stratified into subgroups according to BMI, normal-weight:18.5~23.9, overweight:24~27.9 and obese:≥28. The sperm parameters were detected by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and a morning blood sample was taken to assess the levels of serum FSH, LH, testosterone, estradiol and Inhibin B. Results Overweight group had significant decrease in sperm concentration, total sperm count, total motile sperm count, the percentage of immotility type C, serum T level, Inhibin B level and T/E2 ratio compared with normal-weight group, while increase in the percentage of immotility type D and serum E2 level. Obese group had significant decrease in sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm motility, total motile sperm count, the percentage of progressive motility type A+B, the percentage of immotility type C, serum T level, Inhibin B level, T/E2 ratio compared with normal-weight group, while increase in the percentage of immotility type D and serum E2 level. BMI was significant positively associated with age, serum E2 level and significant negatively associated with sperm concentration, total sperm count, the percentage of immotility type C, serum T level, Inhibin B level, T/E2 ratio. Conclusion The association explored between BMI and some semen characteristics and sexual hormones, as well as different patterns of this association between overweight and obsess infertile men, will be of help to broaden our understanding of the effect of obesity on some male reproductive physiologic characteristics among infertile men.

抑制素B（Inhibin B）在男性体内主要由睾丸支持细胞（Sertoli细胞）分泌，是一种糖蛋白激素。由于血清抑制素B的水平能够较准确地评价男性睾丸的生精功能，如今它已逐渐有趋势成为男科临床检测的一个重要指标[1]。本文通过检测550例男性的精液参数以及其血清抑制素B含量，探讨男性血清抑制素B水平与精子浓度、总数以及活力之间的关系，并比较分析其在梗阻性无精子证（OA）与非梗阻性无精子症（NOA）患者中的水平。

Objective To detect the seminal Leptin level, sperm parameters and sperm apoptosis rate of leukocytospermia patients before and after treatment, and explore their correlation. Methods Total of 80 leukocytospermia patients(WBC group)were randomly recruited in the study and their sperm samples were collected before and after treatment. Other 40 normal sperm samples were collected as the controls. The sperm parameters were detected by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The level of semen plasma Leptin was measured by RIA and the sperm apoptosis rate were assessed by AnnexinV/PI staining-FACS. Results Sperm concentration and viability in WBC group before treatment were all obviously lower than those of the control (P<0.05,P<0.01), whereas the apoptosis rate was significantly higher(P<0.01). The level of semen plasma Leptin was higher than that of the control (P<0.05), moreover itwas positively correlated with sperm apoptosis rate (r=0.678,P<0.05). After treatment, semen activity was increased and sperm apoptosis rate and Leptin level were decreased in WBC group. Conclusion Increase inseminal Leptin level and sperm apoptosis rate were founded in WBC group, which may be contributed to the decrease of sperm concentration and viability. Positive relationship between seminal Leptin and sperm apoptosis was found, implyingthat Leptin might play a role in sperm apoptosis by increasing seminal leukocyte.

A greenhouse pot trial was conducted to evaluate the changes in salinity and other physicochemical properties of soil, and biomass and quality of pakchoi after bamboo biochar additions. Four treatments, bamboo biochar, organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer plus bamboo biochar and control(no fertilizer or biochar added), were employed. The electrical conductivity(EC)of soil was decreased signifi-cantly by bamboo biochar amendments, but increased by organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer plus bamboo biochar did not significantly affect EC. Applying bamboo biochar significantly increased the total carbon content, organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil. On the contrary, biochar additions significantly decreased total soluble nitrogen, especially ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. Soil pH and moisture did not vary among treatments. Bamboo biochar profoundly increased pakchoi height, biomass and soluble sugar con-tents, and improved its overall quality, but significantly decreased nitrate concentration in edible parts. These results show that applying bamboo biochar could improve coastal saline soil and in turn increase pakchoi yield and quality.

control group (P<0.05). The sperm apoptosis rate was negatively correlated with the sperm concentration and (A+B) grade sperm percentage (P<0.01, P<0.05). The level of leptin in semen plasma was positively correlated with the sperm apoptosis rate (P<0.05). The increase of semen parameters were found in the patients after microsurgery (P<0.05). The level of leptin in semen plasma was decreased after microsurgery (P<0.05), while the sperm apoptosis rate was also decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Varicocele might contribute to the high level of Leptin in seminal plasma and the sperm apoptosis, whereas, microsurgery will bring benefit for the condition. Leptin has significant correlation with the sperm apoptosis rate in both pre-and after microsurgery. So Leptin may be one of the pro-apoptotic factors to the sperm.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the optimal treatment selection for treating varicocele (VC) male infertility patients accompanied with oligozoospermia or azoospermia of different Chinese medical syndrome types by comparing the efficacies of integrative medicine. METHODS:One hundred and twenty male infertility patients with VC accompanied with oligozoospermia or azoospermia were assigned to Chinese medical treatment group (A) and the surgical group (B), each consisting of three Chinese medical syndrome types, i.e., damp-heat stagnation syndrome (DHSS), Shen-deficiency blood stasis syndrome (SDBSS), and blood stasis stagnation syndrome (BSSS), 20 in each group. Corresponding Chinese medical treatment was administered to those in Group A, C, and E, while microscopic ligation of internal vena spermatic was administered to those in Group B, D, and F. The routine analysis of semen, biochemical analysis of seminal plasma, and serum sex hormones (prolactin, testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol) were performed before treatment and by the end of the 24th week after treatment. RESULTS:Totally 18 patients' spouses were pregnant. Of them, 1 in Group A of DHSS (abbreviated as Group A), 3 in Group B of DHSS (abbreviated as Group B), 4 in Group A of SDB-SS (abbreviated as Group C), 5 in Group A of SDBSS (abbreviated as Group D), 1 in Group A of BSSS (abbreviated as Group E), and 4 in Group B of BSSS (abbreviated as Group F). After 24-week treatment, the sperm concentration, class a sperm percentage, class a + b sperm percentage, the motility rate, the seminal plasma of fructose density, and the seminal plasma neutral alpha-glucosidase were more significantly improved in Group B, C, D and F, when compared with the same group before treatment (P <0. 01, P <0. 05). There was no statistical difference in the aforesaid indices between before and after treatment in Group A and Group E (P >0.05). As for the improvement percentage of seminal routine indices, the difference of the seminal plasma of fructose density, and the difference of seminal plasma neutral alpha-glucosidase between before and after treatment in the same Chinese medical syndrome types, better effects were obtained in Group B than in Group A (P <0.01), and better effects were obtained in Group F than in Group E (P <0.01). There was no statistical difference between Group C and D (P >0.05). There was no statistical difference in the 5 items of sex hormones in each group between before and after treatment (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Surgical treatment could effectively improve the semen quality for male infertility VC patients accompanied with oligozoospermia or azoospermia. Of them, Chinese medical treatment could be recommended to those of SDBSS who would not receive surgical treatment.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between young men with erectile dysfunction and metabolic syndrome and to find the major risk factors affecting young ED patients. Methods:120 young ED patients and 40 males with normal sexual life were investigated by physical examination,lipid metabolism,fasting plasma glucose and International index of erectile function 5.The clinical diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome was according to the 2005 International Diabetes Federation issued by the international academic community.The ED patients with non-MS and MS also examined Audio visual sexual stimulation to assess the erectile function indicators. Results:The prevalence rate of MS in ED group was 35% which was significantly higher than 15% in non-ED group(P<0.01).The index central obesity(waist circumference,weight,body mass index) and triglyceride(TG) levels of patients in ED group were significantly higher than the patients in non-ED group(P<0.01),while high density lipoprotein(HDL) was significantly lower(P<0.01),total cholesterol(TC) and low density lipoprotein(LDL) was higher(P<0.05),but blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose(FPG) was no significant difference(P>0.05).Secondly,compared with the ED group with non-MS,the patients with MS were much severer(P<0.05),and IIEF-5 score reduced with the increase number of the risk factors of MS.Finally,AVSS indicators of ED patients with MS were inferior to the non-MS group(P<0.05). Conclusions:The prevalence of MS in young ED patients is significantly high and the severity of ED is positively correlated with the number of MS risk factors,in which central obesity and hyperlipidemia may be the major risk factors.

目的明确精索静脉曲张(varicocele, VC)男性不育患者通过显微外科手术治疗对于精浆活性氧(reactive oxygen spies, ROS)与精子DNA损伤指数(sperm DNA fragmentation index, DFI)的治疗效果并分析其相关性.方法选取2011年1月~2011年12月至上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院泌尿男科就诊左VC伴少、弱精子症男性不育患者共120例进行显微外科精索内静脉结扎手术治疗,其中亚临床(s u b c l i n i c a l varicocele,SV C)、V CⅠ度(clinical varicocele,V cⅠ)、V CⅡ度(VcⅡ)、VCⅢ度(VcⅢ)患者各30例;另选取配偶于1年内自然受孕,且精液参数正常范围的精液标本30份作为对照组.检测各组精液常规参数,TBA法检测精浆ROS水平、精液吖啶橙试验检测精子DFI.观察比较各组VC患者术前、术后3月、术后6月女方怀孕情况、精液常规参数、精浆R O S 水平与精子D F I 情况,对数据进行统计学分析.结果 VC男性不育患者术前SVC组与对照组ROS水平无差异(P>0.05),精子DFI上升(P<0.05);VcI组ROS水平及精子DFI增高(P<0.05);VcII组及VcIII组ROS水平与精子DFI显著增高(P<0.01);精子DFI与精浆ROS水平呈正相关(r=0.683,P<0.01).SVC组术后精浆ROS水平与精子DFI较术前无差异(P>0.05);V cI组术后精浆ROS水平低于术前(P<0.05),精子DFI无差异(P>0.05);V cⅡ及VcⅢ组术后精浆ROS水平明显降低(P<0.01);VcII组术后3月精子DFI降低(P<0.05);VcⅢ组术后6月降低(P<0.05).手术后VC患者精浆ROS水平及精子DFI怀孕组低于未怀孕组(P<0.05).结论 VcⅡ及VcⅢ伴少、弱精子症男性不育患者精浆ROS水平上升且精子DFI较高,VC显微外科治疗可一定程度改善睾丸氧化应激环境及降低精子DNA损伤程度.其次,通过检测精子DFI对于预测妊娠结局具有重要意义.

抑制素(Inhibin)是一种拥有二聚体结构的糖蛋白激素,对其蛋白层面的鉴定显示抑制素主要表现为两种异源二聚体形式即:抑制素A和抑制素B.其中抑制素A由α和β A两个亚基经二硫键构成,类似的抑制素B是由α和β B两个亚基构成且分子量约为26～30K的糖蛋白激素[1].

Objective To investigate the cause of misdiagnosis and the clinical features of 46,XX male syndrome,and to analyze the male sex determination and molecular genetic basis.Method The clinical features,laboratory examinations,cytogenetic and molecular features of 46,XX(SRY positive)male syndrome were analyzed.Combined with literature review,the causes of misdiagnosis,the prevention and treatments of this disease were analyzed.Result The sociopsychology of the patient was male.He came to hospital for gynecomastia,and was misdiagnosed as idiopathic adolescent gynecomastia.And then serum sex hormones gave some clues of this disease.Definite diagnosis was made by karyotype analysis and FISH exanmination.Conclusion The clinical manifestations of 46,XX male syndrome are heterogenous.It also can cause gynecomastia,and be easily misdiagnosed.So comprehensive physical and laboratory tests,including karyotype analysis,are necessary.

Prune belly syndrome (PBS) is a congenital developmental anomaly of rare occurrence,which is characterized by the clinical manifestations of absence of abdominal musculature,urinary system abnormity and bilateral cryptorchidism.A case of PBS is reported,and some issues about PBS are discussed on basis of literature review in this paper.