ABSTRACT Nano‐floating‐gate transistors (NFGT) are promising for high‐density data storage devices, but fully printed devices remain challenging due to interlayer erosion during processing and poor control over structural and charge transport pathways. Here, we demonstrate a fully printed organic NFGT through a rationally designed ink system and an orthogonal direct‐ink‐writing strategy. Central to this approach is the use of block copolymer‐grafted nanoparticles that enable one‐step printing of a uniform, zebra‐patterned nano‐floating‐gate/tunneling dielectric composite belt. This composite belt can not only overcome interlayer erosion but also templates the crystallization of the subsequently deposited semiconductor into a uniaxially oriented active layer, a morphology distinct from the polycrystalline or disordered structures typically obtained by conventional deposition methods. The resulting single‐crystalline orientation facilitates efficient charge percolation, leading to a doubling in carrier mobility and a 50% reduction in threshold voltage compared to non‐oriented counterparts. The fully printed organic NFGT exhibits a hole mobility over 0.1 cm 2 ·V − 1 ·s − 1 , an on/off current ratio of ∼10 4 , robust endurance over 200 program/erase cycles, and retention stability exceeding 10 4 s. This work not only addresses key integration barriers in printed organic multilayer electronics but also establishes a microstructure‐templating strategy to enhance the performance of solution‐processed devices.

The pursuit of high-energy-density and intrinsically safe lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has intensified interest in quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs) coupled with silicon (Si) anodes. However, most in situ-formed polymer electrolytes suffer from low ionic conductivity and limited Li+ transference numbers, primarily arising from high polymer crystallinity and sluggish segmental dynamics. Herein, a 1,3,5-trioxane (TXE)-derived QSSE is engineered by incorporating fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and methyl propionate (MP) as plasticizers, together with a lithiated covalent organic framework (COFLi) as a functional filler to suppress crystallization, enhance Li+ transport, and improve interfacial stability. Consequently, the optimized COFLi-modified TXE-based electrolyte enables the Si anode to deliver a high reversible capacity of 1814.6 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 after 200 cycles and to retain 1530 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 even at -20°C. Moreover, a molecular-level interfacial model is proposed to elucidate the role of COFLi in regulating the Li+ solvation structure, reducing desolvation energy, and promoting the formation of a LiF-rich inorganic solid-electrolyte interphase), thereby suppressing electrolyte decomposition and mitigating Si pulverization. This work provides fundamental insights into solvation chemistry and interfacial evolution in TXE-based QSSEs and offers a rational design strategy for high-performance, Si-compatible quasi-solid-state LIBs.

The practical application of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) is limited by their low ionic conductivity and poor interfacial compatibility with silicon (Si) anodes in high-energy-density, safe lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Here, we introduce a lithiated covalent organic framework (COF) into a poly(vinylidene fluoride-cohexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)-based quasi-solid polymer electrolyte (QSPE) containing plasticizers to increase its electrochemical performance. The resulting COF-based QSPE has a high ionic conductivity of 2.99 mS cm-1 and enables Si anodes to deliver a remarkable specific capacity of 1722 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles, along with an excellent rate capability of up to 10 A g-1. Furthermore, we provide new insights into the role of lithiated COFs in modulating the Li+ solvation structure, facilitating ionic migration and promoting desolvation in plasticizer-containing solid electrolytes at the molecular scale. These findings offer valuable guidelines for the rational design of stable Si anodes in solid-state batteries.

Electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials play a crucial role in modern electronics,particularly in stealth and communication technologies.Carbon-based materials demonstrate considerable potential for the development and use of effective wave-absorbing substances,attributed to their complex structure,lightweight nature,excellent corrosion resistance,and affordability.Notably,nitrogen-doped carbon-based two-dimensional(2D)materials exhibit a more pronounced depletion effect on electromagnetic waves owing to their increased specific surface area and numerous polarization states.This article presents the successful synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)2D flakes using a hydrothermal method.In addition,single Fe atoms were successfully incorporated onto their surfaces,forming Fe@NC.The wave-absorbing capabilities of the Fe@NC samples were considerably improved,achieving a minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of-69.22 dB at 11.48 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.79 GHz.The enhancement in electromagnetic wave absorption is attributed to the synergistic effects of magnetic loss,relaxation processes,dipole polarization,and electrical conduction loss.The successful synthesis of Fe@NC opens up new avenues for the development of atomically dispersed wave-absorbing materials.

Yolk-shell structured ZnO@N-doped carbon with controllable cavity as anode materials of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is attracting extensively interest because it can effectively alleviate the damage caused by the huge volume expansion of ZnO. Here, covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-derived N-doped porous carbon (NC)-coated ZnO nanocomposites with controllable yolk-shell (YS) structure (YS-ZnO@NC) was synthesized by a self-template method. The strategy firstly prepared covalent organic polymers (COPs) coated ZnO nanocomposites with core-shell (CS) structure (CS-ZnO-60@COPs). Then YS-ZnO@COFs were obtained by immersing CS-ZnO60@COPs in acetic acid. Acetic acid was used not only as catalyst to transform COPs into COFs but also as etching agent to etch ZnO. In the transform process from COPs into COFs, a small internal cavity was formed and the internal cavity was further enlarged by etching ZnO, which can effectively control the size of internal cavity and ZnO by adjusting amount of acetic acid. Finally, the YS-ZnO@NC was formed by high-temperature calcination of YS-ZnO@COFs. The COFs-derived well-ordered carbon networks provide a large number of evenly distributed well-ordered pores which are conducive to Li+ storage. Thanks to the unique yolk-shell structure and the well-ordered carbon network, the YS-ZnO@NC-23 has excellent Li-storage capacity. At 0.2 A g- 1 , YSZnO@NC-23 as anode materials of LIBs has a high initial discharge specific capacity of 1772.3 mAh g- 1 . After 500 cycles, it was still maintained at 1267.5 mAh g- 1 . This strategy based on self-template method provides a new choice for the preparation of high performance LIBs anode nanocomposites.

Iron-based Prussian blue analogues (Fe-PB) are considered to be one of the most promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIB) due to their open skeleton structure and strong redox activity. However, their large ion radius might lead to stress and structural degradation, resulting in worse rate performance and cycle stability, especially at low temperatures. In this work, a Cs+/Zn2+ co-doping strategy is proposed to increase the performance at low temperature of -20 degrees C for the first time. The doped Cs+/Zn2+ ions have a vital role in lowering interstitial water content in PBA, resulting in improved diffusion dynamics of Na+ ions and greatly enhancing cyclic stability at temperature as low as -20 degrees C. The half cells made from PBA with an optimized Cs+/Zn2+ concentration exhibited excellent performance, retaining 79.63 % of the capacity after 5400 cycles at a low temperature of -20 degrees C and a current density of 5C. The results indicate that the Cs+/Zn2+ co-doped Fe-PB cathode material shows extraordinary performance at low temperature, which holds significant practical importance for promoting low-temperature SIB technology.

In this study, UiO-66(Zr) and its derivative (UiO-66-C) are employed as supports to prepare shape stabilized PCM (U/SA-X and UC /SA-X) for resolving the melting leakage and poor thermal conductivity of stearic acid (SA). Thermal storage performance, including phase change enthalpy, supercooling degree, phase change temperature, thermal conductivity, and shape stability of U/SA-X and UC/SA-X, are compared. Preliminary characterization reveals that the physicochemical property evolution of the support impacts the thermal storage performance of SA. UiO-66 with microporous structure is unfavorable to enhance the shape stability of SA. U/SA-X exhibits low thermal storage efficiency and high supercooling degree owing to nanoconfinement and hydrogen bonding. By contrast, UiO-66-C possesses mesopores and graphitic structure that allows for a remarkable thermal storage performance of UC/SA-X. In detail, UC/SA-50 exhibits an ideal thermal storage performance, where the thermal conductivity (0.531 W/(m center dot K)) center dot K)) increases by 141 % in comparison to SA with a high phase change enthalpy of 93.6 J/g and low supercooling degree of 0.24 degrees C. It also shows satisfying thermal reliability that the thermal property of UC/SA-50 maintains stability even after 100 thermal cycles. In addition, the photothermal conversion efficiency of UC/SA-50 is up to 83.06 %.

In the wake of a global shift towards sustainable energy and heightened environmental stewardship, hydrogen energy stands out as a clean and efficient alternative, drawing significant interest for its potential. Industrial by-product hydrogen (IBPH), a key source in the burgeoning hydrogen economy, is poised for growth during the early to mid-stages of hydrogen economy, but currently grapples with substantial wastage and suboptimal utilization due to technological barriers and insufficient attention. A critical examination of the purification and utilization technologies for IBPH is thus imperative, offering practitioners in the hydrogen domain the insights necessary for a more strategic and efficacious harnessing of this resource. The present review delivers an exhaustive survey of cutting-edge separation and purification techniques tailored for IBPH. Additionally, it encapsulates the latest advancements in utilization technologies of IBPH across diverse sectors, presenting a methodical compendium of current innovations. The discourse extends to a probing analysis of the prevailing challenges and envisions the prospective landscape of the IBPH marketplace.

Silicon (Si) has ultra-high theoretical capacity (4200 mAh g-1) and accordingly is widely studied as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, its huge volume expansion during charging/discharging is a fatal challenge. The preparation of Si-based composite materials with yolk shell structure is the key to solving the Si volume expansion. Here, N-doped carbon-coated Si nanoparticles (SiNPs) nanocomposites (YS-Si@NC-60) with yolk shell structure derived from covalent organic frameworks (COFs) was prepared. N-doped carbon shells derived from COFs not only maintain the well-ordered nanosized pores of COFs, which facilitates the transport of Li+ to contact with internal SiNPs, but also provide more extra active sites for Li+ storage. Most importantly, the internal void can effectively alleviate the damage effect of SiNPs volume expansion. The obtained YS-Si@NC-60 as a LIBs anode show high cyclic stability and Li+ storage performances. At 0.1 A g-1, the capacity is 1446 mAh g-1 after 110 cycles, and initial coulomb efficiency is as high as 82.2 %. The excellent performance can be attributed to the unique yolk shell structure. This simple and template-free strategy provides a new idea for preparing Si-C nanocomposites with yolk shell structure.

The widespread application of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) is hindered by challenges such as the shuttle effect of polysulfides (LiPSs), slow reaction kinetics, and fire safety concerns. In this study, surface-functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (ChBN) are prepared and employed as functional separator coatings, enabling multiple application scenarios of LSBs. Specifically, a creative strategy of cation-anion interactions is constructed through the strong chemisorption of N+ on the ChBN surface to Sn- in LiPSs. In addition, the boron nitride and N+ show synergistic effects on adsorption-catalysis, further facilitating the rapid and sufficient deposition of Li2S. The prepared LSBs with ChBN + SP/PP separators exhibit excellent cycle stability (an ultralow capacity degradation of 0.034 % per cycle over 500 cycles at 2C). These LSBs are available in a wide temperature range of -20 to 60 degrees C, offering a capacity of 1208 mA h/g at 60 degrees C and 919 mA h/g at -20 degrees C. Furthermore, the presence of ChBN effectively improves the fire-safety of pouch batteries through the condensed-phase flame retardant mechanism. This simple fabrication process of ChBN is effective and favorable for large-scale manufacturing, which provides a feasible method for the development of high-safety LSBs.

Thiols serve as important electron reservoirs in subsurface environments, playing an important role in biogeochemical cycling of redox-sensitive elements. Nevertheless, due to the kinetic constraint on thiol oxidation by O-2, hydroxyl radical (center dot OH) production during thiol oxygenation had long been disregarded. center dot OH is the most powerful oxidant in natural environment, capable of oxidizing most of inorganic and organic pollutants. This study revealed that Fe(III) oxyhydroxides could mediate electron transfer from thiols to O-2, thereby facilitating center dot OH production within a pH range of 3 to 9. For instance, at pH 7, the presence of 1 g/L ferrihydrite increased center dot OH accumulation from <0.2 to 15.3 mu M within 10 h during the oxygenation of 6 mM cysteine. This enhancement resulted from Fe(III) oxyhydroxides altering the center dot OH production pathway from the direct oxidation of thiols by O-2 to the oxidation of adsorbed Fe(II) by O-2. In natural soils, Fe(III) oxyhydroxides were estimated to contribute to 69-81% of thiol removal and to 56-82% of center dot OH production. Furthermore, the center dot OH produced during thiol oxygenation also exhibited the capability to degrade phenol. This study highlights the previously overlooked catalytic role of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides in facilitating thiol oxidation and center dot OH production.

In this study, an efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed for fabricating BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) toward anticoking. This technique involves a simple phase-inversion process, along with the saturated barium nitrate solution as coagulation bath. Experimental results show that BaO nanoislands with particle size of less than 100 nm have been successfully and uniformly introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode. The corresponding peak power densities are determined to be 0.30 W cm-2 and 0.22 W cm-2 at 800 degrees C in wet hydrogen and methane fuel, respectively. The long-term stability in methane fuel with the BaO-decorated anode is significantly improved with respect to the pristine one. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands can efficiently capture and dissociate the H2O molecules to generate OH, which subsequently serves as effective carbon elimination medium. The OH diffusion from BaO to BaO/Ni interface coupling with the formation of COH is the key step involved in the carbon elimination mechanism. The as-proposed phase inversion-impregnation approach exhibits advantage in time and cost savings compared to traditional impregnation methods, providing a new route for fabricating anti-coking SOFC anodes.

Fe3O4 has the potential to be an alternative material for the anode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity, cheapness, and environmental friendliness. However, its inevitable volume expansion and poor Li+ storage dynamics due to small lattice spacing are disadvantages that severely limit its application. Here, Ce-Fe3O4 nanoparticles with large lattice spacing and porous structure were obtained by inserting Ce with a large radius into Fe3O4 lattice. Next, the Ce-Fe3O4 nanoparticles was used as the core for the in-situ growth of COFLZU1 to form Ce-Fe3O4@ COFLZU1. Finally, high-temperature calcination was carried out to obtain flexible nano-cages of nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NC)-covered Ce-Fe3O4 (Ce-Fe3O4@NC). Flexible NC nanocages not only accommodate the volume expansion of Fe3O4 but also increase the rate of Li+ transport and provide space for Li+ storage. The successful doping of Ce effectively increases the lattice spacing of Ce-Fe3O4, improving the space and efficiency of the embedded Li+. Compared with pure Fe3O4, Ce-Fe3O4 exhibits better performance when applied to the anode of LIBs. Ce-Fe3O4@NC exhibits best electrochemical performance during lithium storage, with capacities of 662.2 and 923.7 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at current densities of 1000 mA g-1 and 100 mA g-1. This strategy of Ce doping combined with flexible NC cladding offers options for the preparation of other coreshell type carbon nanocomposites.

As a promising anode material of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the poor electrical conductivity and severe volume expansion during cycling of nickel oxide (NiO) greatly limit its practical application. Here, a hollow nitrogendoped porous carbon-loaded hollow Ni/NiO nanocomposite (Ni/NiO@HNC) was obtained by introducing Ni2+ into hollow covalent organic framework (HCOF) and then calcining the Ni2+/HCOF. The as-prepared Ni/NiO is nanoscale and hollow, which effectively accommodates the expanded volume of NiO. Hollow nitrogen-doped porous carbon (HNC) obtained from HCOF can further accommodate the expanded volume of NiO. The residual Ni and HNC can improve the electrical conductivity of Ni/NiO@HNC greatly. The regular pores of HNC inherited from HCOF facilitate the Li+ transfer. Thus, the Ni/NiO@HNC-2 composites exhibited outstanding cycle stability and rate performance when utilized as anode materials in LIBs. Even after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g- 1, the capacity was still kept at 695.1 mAh g- 1. The work provides an idea to prepare LIBs anodes based on dualbuffering strategy.

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideal precursors for the synthesis of catalysts with high surface areas and homogenously distributed active sites. Compared to monometallic MOFs, MOF-on-MOF strategy shows enhanced properties originating from the synergistic interactions between two metals at atomic level. In this study, a bimetallic CaFe-MOF was synthesized and exploited to obtain magnetic CaO catalyst, which was subsequently applied to catalyze transesterification for biodiesel production. The catalysts were characterized with thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR), N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Hammett indicator method. The assynthesized catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity of 98.53 % with 6 wt% catalyst amount and 12 methanol/oil molar ratio at 65 C in 1 h. The synthesized catalyst showed good stability even after 6 recycles with favorable transesterification conversions. Moreover, the as-synthesized catalyst type is highly tolerant to free fatty acid (FFA) and free water (FW), with transesterification conversions of 85.35 % and 86.27 % achieved with the FFA of 9 wt% and FW of 11 wt%, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the obtained biodiesel meet requirements of ASTM D6751 and EN 14214, indicating it can be directly used for transport fuel.

The doping strategy with dark metallic oxide has proven effective in improving optical absorptions and heat storage performances of calcium-based materials for the direct solar-driven thermochemical energy storage system, but the microscopic mechanisms of accelerated decomposition of CaCO3 during heat storage process are still unclear. Carbide slag as an industrial waste with low cost and high CaO content is considered as a potential calcium-based precursor for large-scale thermochemical energy storage. Herein, the novel Fe-doped and Mndoped calcium-based materials were synthesized from carbide slag and their optical absorption properties and heat storage performances were determined in the experiment. The optimum decomposition temperatures of CaCO3 during heat storage process decreased 10.5 degrees C and 18.6 degrees C due to Fe doping and Mn doping, respectively. The acceleration mechanisms by Fe doping and Mn doping for enhancing the CO2 separation of CaCO3 in the calcination stage of the heat storage process were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The structural parameters, partial density of states, electron differential densities and energy barriers during CO32- dissociation in heat storage process on the doped CaCO3 and undoped CaCO3 surfaces were compared to clarify the effects of Fe doping and Mn doping on the CaCO3 decomposition. The energy barriers of Fe-doped material and Mn-doped material are 1.68 eV and 1.42 eV, respectively, which are 29.4% and 40.3% lower than that of undoped material. This work helps to understand the microscopic mechanisms of accelerated CaCO3 decomposition by Fe and Mn during heat storage process.

Abstract The photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into solar‐powered fuels is viewed as a forward‐looking strategy to address energy scarcity and global warming. This work demonstrated the selective photoreduction of CO2 to CO using ultrathin Bi12O17Cl2 nanosheets decorated with hydrothermally synthesized bismuth clusters and oxygen vacancies (OVs). The characterizations revealed that the coexistences of OVs and Bi clusters generated in situ contributed to the high efficiency of CO2–CO conversion (64.3 μmol g−1 h−1) and perfect selectivity. The OVs on the facet (001) of the ultrathin Bi12O17Cl2 nanosheets serve as sites for CO2 adsorption and activation sites, capturing photoexcited electrons and prolonging light absorption due to defect states. In addition, the Bi‐cluster generated in situ offers the ability to trap holes and the surface plasmonic resonance effect. This study offers great potential for the construction of semiconductor hybrids as multiphotocatalysts, capable of being used for the elimination and conversion of CO2 in terms of energy and environment.

Hydrotalcite-like materials (OSA-LDH) were prepared used oil shale ash (OSA), which came from a thermal power plant area, as the main raw material. The characterization results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) showed that the prepared samples were mesoporous materials in a crystal state and were layered and contained lattice oxygen and a large number of surface hydroxyl groups. The adsorption property of the prepared samples was confirmed and evaluated by adsorption experiments with Pb2+ as the target pollutant. The adsorption process was in accord with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation, and the adsorption data fitted perfectly with the pseudo-second kinetic equation. The saturated adsorption capacity for Pb2+ was 120.92 mg·g−1 at a temperature of 298 K and initial concentration of 300 mg·L−1. The main adsorption mechanisms of OSA-LDH for Pb2+ were chemical bond cooperation and electrostatic bond cooperation. This paper aimed to not only prepare an economical and effective adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from the solution but also provide a new path for the treatment and utilization of OSA so as to realize efficient waste resource utilization.

Due to ultra-high theoretical capacity (4200 mAh g-1), silicon (Si) is an excellent candidate for the anode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the application of Si is severely limited by its volume expansion of approximately 300% during the charge/discharge process. Herein, nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NC) capped nano-Si particles (Si@NC) composites with a core-shell structure were obtained by calcination of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) encapsulated nano-Si. COFs is a crystalline material with well -ordered structures, adjustable and ordered pores and abundant N atoms. After carbonization, the well -ordered pores and frameworks were kept well. Compared with other Si@NC composites, the well-ordered NC framework shell derived from COFs possesses high elasticity and well-ordered pores, which provides space for the volume expansion of nano-Si, and a channel to transfer Li'. The core-shell Si@NC composite exhibited good performances when applied as the anode of LIBs. At a current density of 100 mA g-1, it exhib-ited a discharge-specific capacity of 1534.8 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles with a first-coulomb efficiency of 69.7%. The combination of COFs with nano-Si is a better strategy for the preparation of anode materials of LIBs. (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.