Biopolymer electrolyte-based electrochemical devices for charge storage, such as supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries, attract wide attention. This study proposes that thin, transparent, and flexible polymer electrolytes be fabricated using pectin, poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), and calcium chloride (CaCl2) by solvent casting. CaCl2 plays a vital role as a crosslinker to form the film. The developed pectin/CaCl2 (PeO) and PEG/pectin/CaCl2 (PPe) polymer films are subjected to Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) to confirm polymer matrix formation with the salt ions. The biopolymer membrane's glass transition temperature (Tg) is analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Symmetric supercapacitor devices are fabricated using activated carbon (AC) as electrode material, functionalized carbon fiber as a current collector, and pectin polymer films (PeO and PPe) as a gel electrolyte/separator. The symmetrical device with AC as the electrode and PPe as the electrolyte [AC||PPe||AC] exhibited a specific capacitance of 879 mF cm−2 at 15 mA cm−2, which is considerably higher than the similar device with PeO as electrolyte [AC||PeO||AC]. The cyclic stability of the [AC||PPe||AC] supercapacitor device was 83% over 5000 cycles. Three supercapacitor devices connected in series are capable of glowing 5 light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Good storage and stability indicate that the PPe is suitable as a gel polymer electrolyte material. This polymer electrolyte has excellent prospects in practical applications of all-solid-state, flexible, portable, and biocompatible energy storage devices.

Tamil is one of the oldest existing languages, spoken by around 65 million people across India, Sri Lanka and South-East Asia. Countries such as Fiji and South Africa also have a significant population with Tamil ancestry. Tamil is a complex language and has 247 characters. A labelled dataset for Tamil Fingerspelling named TLFS23 has been created for research related to vision-based Fingerspelling translators for the Speech and hearing Impaired. The dataset would open up avenues to develop automated systems as translators and interpreters for effective communication between fingerspelling language users and non- users, using computer vision and deep learning algorithms. One thousand images representing each unique finger flexion motion for every Tamil character was collected overall constituting a large dataset with 248 classes with a total of 2,55,155 images. The images were contributed by 120 individuals from different age groups. The dataset is made publicly available at: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/39kzs5pxmk/2.

Unnatural fatalities are rising in our contemporary period, but road accidents account for a significant portion of these deaths. This work mostly deals with road accident detection and methods to reduce the time period between the victim and the emergency service area. According to the statistics, some accidents have occurred due to some momentary health issues like low/high BP, heart rate abnormality, lack of intaking oxygen-increased breathing rate, and also due to drunk and driving, these kinds of stuff are incredibly hazardous, resulting in automobile collisions and traffic injuries. So, continuous passenger and driver monitoring was also introduced for the utmost safety. Besides of preventative actions implemented, like seizure of vehicle permits, fines, penalties, and seizure of licenses. Despite the numerous prolepses taken, the number of accidents caused by drunk driving and sudden heart attacks is on the rise. This module is suggested to prevent individuals from dying needlessly as a result of intoxicated driving incidents, momentary health issues with the help of continuous monitoring, and to detect the occurrence of accident and also sends location coordinates to nearby hospitals/toll plazas/police stations and passenger’s trustworthy relatives for their navigation purpose. This module consists of Raspberry Pi 0, Arduino UNO, alcohol detection sensor (MQ-2), MEMS Accelerometer Sensor, ECG, GPS module, pulse oximeter, digital vibration sensor, LCD displays, ADC, PHP server, and relay to control the vehicle.

Humanoid behavior of robots has resulted in significant development in many fields, including medical science and automation. Understanding Human motions and movements plays a crucial role in designing such humanoid robots. Technological research development can apply human actions in significant fields like humanoid robots, medical analysis and assistance systems, and sports analytics. This paper presents a sensory system that interacts and reads the movement and orientation of individual arms and is used to control robotic arms. The proposed system is a 7 Degrees of Freedom (DoF) sensory system with a 7 DoF robotic arm miming the human transhumeral arm. A wearable sensor plays a vital role as the data collected can be used in numerous ways, from training robots and other modules, to analyzing the performance of sports personnel. The sensory band collects data to provide each joint's rotation angle. The sensory system was built using IMU sensors, flex sensors, and a potentiometer with Arduino Uno as the primary controller. The acquired sensory data was communicated to a robotic arm using an RF transceiver setup. This system can be inexpensive and easily used in various fields, including sports analytics in rural areas. The experimental results are promising, providing a linear connection between the sensory system and the robotic arm with average error for the joints below 2%. Incorporating higher-range sensors can improve the performance of the proposed model.

Implantable energy storage devices that are soft, flexible, biocompatible, and biodegradable are the focus of current bio-instrumentation research. Polymer gel-based electrodes for energy storage applications such as supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries have a wide attraction for modern technology. This work proposes a flexible, transparent, and biodegradable electrode using pectin biopolymer with a biocompatible electrolyte as a supercapacitor. The biopolymer pectin can be a promising candidate for such energy storage devices. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added with pectin, which forms side chains for better stability and conductivity, improving the electrode materials' ionic conduction. Two devices were fabricated using pectin only (PO) and pectin/PEG (PP) composite as electrode materials. The interesting observation with PO was that it has slightly higher specific capacitance (C-SP) than PP composite, but the long-time retention was poor. Graphite was incorporated in the Pectin/PEG composite and fabricated two more devices with Pectin/PEG/Graphite (PPG) composite-based biosupercapacitors using a 10% and 20% weight ratio of graphite to pectin. An electrochemical study was performed to understand the energy storage capacity of the fabricated electrodes. It was found that the 10% graphite incorporated sample showed excellent retention of 98.74% of capacitance with a specific capacitance of 11.48 mF/cm(2) over 2500 cycles. With the increased stability and higher specific capacitance, pectin biopolymer-based electrodes have a powerful impact on developing flexible and portable solid-stat energy storage e systems.

Science and technology have been an indispensable part of our lives. An intelligent use of science and technology is to achieve a new vision for every step of our life. This paper focuses on proposing an idea to enhance the living standard of an elderly, who needs a walking aid to perform their daily activities, and also for a caretaker to be able to monitor their health status. This can be done by developing a model which focuses the critical parameters like temperature, heart rate, location, etc., by using various sensors embedded inside the walking aid. The main focus of this paper is to design a module that includes a mobile application, through which the caretakers and doctors can monitor the patient while the patient performs their daily routine. Node MCU and Arduino UNO control the working of sensors, an accelerometer is included to detect any fall of the elderly, and a GSM module has been used to initiate calls in case of emergency. This avoids the need for a regular in-person checkup with the doctor.

During the covid time, it was observed that the need for oxygen was very high, and this need was not achieved just by the oxygen cylinder. Ordinary people and hospitals started using oxygen concentrators to meet these needs. This paper focuses on improving the purity and the output flow rate of the oxygen concentrator. Different modifications were made by varying the number of air pores and filter count. Also, the compressor parameters like bore size, length, and flapper counts have been modified to increase the airflow concerning a liter per minute (LPM). The solenoid valve was configured to give maximum efficiency. Following the process, different Zeolite combinations were used to find the optimum purity of the oxygen concentrator. These modifications to the concentrator setup enabled 91.3% pure oxygen generation with an increase in the flow rate of the concentrator by 20%.

Breaks down boundaries and inspires creativity. These are just a few examples of how communication affects the world around us. Many successful people use this tremendous tool of communication to change the world, while others with disabilities in speech, hearing, or having multiple disabilities use sign language to change the world. However, the disadvantage of employing sign language is that not everyone would be able to understand it. To address this issue, a sensor-based system is proposed with five flex sensors put on five fingers as binary bits, yielding a total of 32 options in this study. In addition, this proposal includes two options for broadening the reach of terms. This proposed model eliminates the need for other types of sensors besides flex sensors, lowering production costs significantly. It is more accurate and efficient than vision-based approaches because it is sensor-based. Because of this project, people who do not understand sign language can communicate easily with people who have speech or hearing problems.

The wearable, flexible, non-toxic, and biocompatible pressure sensors have gained a lot of interest in recent years due to the potential application of transducing physical phenomena like pressure and temperature into electrical signals. This paper presents a novel approach of using pectin–PEG–graphite (PPEGG) composite as a pressure sensing material that is biocompatible, self-powering, degradable, non-toxic, flexible, and capable of sensing low-pressure range (0.1–1 kPa). The practical application of the self-powered PPEGG composite sensor device was tested with various external pressure imparting like finger touch, touch with non-conducting and conducting objects, blowing of air, and weight loading response. The fabricated PPEGG pressure sensor is very sensitive toward finger touch, shows a voltage rise of up to 5 V under finger imparted pressure, and is also capable of differentiating different touch responses. This work also studies the effect of the addition of varying concentrations of conductive graphite fillers (10%, 20%, and 30%), and results showed better stability and piezoelectric response.

Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is a method which utilizes certain rules to map input variables to output. It is developed using FL algorithm where the given extracted features are used to generate membership functions according to the domain and classifies the stages of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). A novel approach is proposed to classify MRI images in AD using FIS. Overall performance that was estimated using a FIS methodology was characterized by 0.86 accuracy and 0.89 sensitivity. The motivation for the project was to be part of the fight against AD, apart from an ethical perspective also due to the increase in burden of AD in the society. Currently, there are about half a billion people who with live with dementia worldwide, where two-thirds of them have AD. In general, AD diagnosis is subjected to the human skills which involves a number of unknown factors.

In the field of robotics to enhance the interaction with humans in real-time and in the bioengineering field to develop prosthetic devices, the need for artificial skin is in high demand. In this work, the hydrogen-bonded complex network structure of the Pectin/PEG composite has been designed, resulting in the free-standing film functioning as a temperature-sensing device. With the gelation technique and the addition of PEG, the film’s flexibility and conductivity were enhanced. The fabricated device worked at a low voltage of 1 V supply with high throughput. With different dimensions, three devices were fabricated, and the maximum-induced ionic current was 34 µA ± 5

One of the major problems faced by visually impaired people is navigating from one place to another. Commercially available walking canes only serve as obstacledetectors for these people. The need for an economical guidance and navigation system for the blind is long overdue. Existing solutions are highly cost-ineffective, rendering them available only to people on the higher end of the economic strata. A cheap and affordable piece of technology can help the blind commute to their workplace instead of relying on help from random strangers to even commute walkable distances. In this paper, we propose a design for a walking stick to help the visually impaired commute to their livelihood. The proposed solution works on the Internet of Things realm wherein the blind can “communicate” with the environment. This prototype is equipped with an ESP8266, a power source for the development board and coin motors along with a smartphone application, thereby making it accessible for even the working class visually impaired.

An appropriate and efficient attendance management plays an important role in the corporate world. As malady like covid-19 can be highly contagious in crowded public areas, it is important to detect the key symptom, high temperature at the entry-level. This paper proposes a model which marks the attendance of an employee using RFID and facial recognition along with a temperature check. Also, it captures the facial expression of the employee to detect the emotion. Starting with, a temperature check is done at the entrance and if found high, an alert message is sent to the concerned authorities. On the other hand, the person with normal temperature will go through a two-tier security check-RFID and face recognition. Hence attendance of the employee will be marked based on the above-mentioned procedural results.

Noise pollution is a threat to health and well-being. Normal environmental noise is around 40–60 dB. But if the noise level increases above 80 dB, it can affect our psychomotor performance. To address this issue, the noise decibel level should be calculated and preventive measures should be taken. This work proposes an Automated sound power alert system at an industrial level that displays the decibel value of noise around heavy machinery and if it exceeds the threshold value of 80 dB, it notifies the authority by delivering an automated text message. It follows message queuing telemetry transport protocol which forms a basis for communication between microcontroller and Adafruit web. Data is transmitted to the web feed using the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) Publish pattern. The web feed is continuously monitored by the IF This Then That (IFTTT) for triggering the alert message. It is also equipped with liquid crystal display, Light-emitting diodes, and Piezo Buzzer that notifies workers around the machinery about the noise level as well as provides continuous monitoring of the same.

Syringe infusion pump is critical care equipment that has developed from being an assassin to an essential lifesaver. The syringe pump saves many lives in its lifetime if maintained efficiently. The breakdown and downtime of the equipment reduce the serving capacity and efficiency of the hospital. The rural area or low resource hospital cannot afford to maintain an excessive quantity of the syringe pumps to upkeep its efficiency. Hence the breakdown cause has been analyzed. The consequential failure occurrence has been analyzed using Pareto analysis.

The elderly tend to forget the medications at times, and this has a colossal impact on their health. Especially for those who have been prescribed multiple medications at different dosages. Due to various added reasons such as decreased motor skills, inability to move around, they require constant attention and help with their medications. It is very crucial for them to take their pills as per the dose prescribed by the doctor. It becomes a tedious job for them and sometimes it can get very confusing. Hence the need for engaging a caretaker arises. Also given the COVID-19 Pandemic situation, the elderly are supposed to be isolated. Hence, this research work proposes a Pill Dispenser combined with a Self-Mapping robot to take appropriate medication. This research work utilizes SLAM based bot to map and navigate in an unknown environment. It makes use of the Robot Operating System (ROS) framework. The mapping process is done by using the GMapping algorithm.

In the present world, the usage of ATM to withdraw cash has increased. At the same time, theft and robbery cases have also been increased that calls for the need for much-secured ATM that provides additional features for security. In this work, the aim is at security-based smart ATM which functions based on RFID and fingerprint authorization for its access. The RFID number and fingerprint details are obtained from the user after which the recognized card number, authorization status, and location of access are passed on for checking its authenticity with the database details. Once the information is validated with the retrieved database details then the corresponding account holder gets the message if the authorization is valid or not. The location, time, and date of the access are also informed to the account holder. Additionally, this enhances the security by placing vibration and flame sensors which immediately notify in case of fire and breakage. To achieve complete security, the face of the person accessing the ATM card is also recorded - using a camera - in the machine with time and date of access that could be used in case of suspicion.

The syringe infusion pump is a critical care therapeutic equipment. The syringe infusion pump operates based on the conversion of the stepper motor's angular motion into linear motion using the lead screw and half nut mechanism. The objective of the paper is to simulate the FOPID controller for the position control of the syringe plunger and the velocity control, flow rate of the syringe infusion pump using the computer-based board through MATLAB software. The study is to know various pump mechanisms and simulate all the modules of the syringe pump, controlling mechanism in coordination with the FOPID controller. The GUI - MATLAB program is used to provide a smooth user interface of the simulation. Along with the simulation of the syringe infusion pump mechanism, a reservoir is provided along with the syringe module from where the system itself intake the volume of drug instructed by the user in order to avoid human errors and air bubbles in the syringe as well as the tubing.

India is the second largest populated country in the world. With rapid urbanization, the amount of waste generated in urban areas has increased tremendously leading to a major concern. Most of them are dumped in landfills directly without proper treatment and segregation. This practice leads to a lot of problems. Groundwater gets contaminated. These landfills act as a perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes, rats and stray dogs. Conservancy staff and rag pickers who are exposed to these landfills develop a lot of health problems. To address this issue, segregation should be done at various levels. The important level of segregation is the source itself. Even primitive segregation at the households could be a turning point in the waste management of the country. The economic value of waste is unexplored in the country. In this article, an automated waste segregator is proposed that segregates the waste into wet and dry waste at the household level using capacitive proximity sensor and inductive proximity sensor, which also detects the bin filling status.

License plate detection along with the identification of the state and the district of the given vehicle images has been performed, where the image processing part is done in LabVIEW software. The binarization of the image is done by Otsu's thresholding technique due to its success rate and the simplest of calculations involved in this technique. Contour detection helps us to locate the license plate whose coordinates are then compared with the original image. After which the license plate extraction is done followed by segmentation and character classification. The processed information is then sent to an excel sheet which classifies the cars based on the district they are from and is later sent to the concerned department for the necessary action. The information is then sent as an SMS to a mobile number from the excel sheet.