Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for thermochromic materials. In this study, a hydrogen-bonded 3D porous metal-organic framework, Co-BTC (Co3(BTC)2·12H2O, BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate), exhibited a pink color at room temperature, attributed to the d-d transition of Co2+ ions within the framework, and displayed reversible thermochromic behavior due to alterations in the coordination environment of Co2+ ions. Additionally, Co-BTC/PVB thermochromic film was successfully designed and fabricated as a smart window with a monolayer structure. The window exhibited reversible thermochromic behavior comparable to Co-BTC, with visible transmittance modulation of 10.73%, near-infrared transmittance modulation of 25.87%, and solar transmittance modulation of 12.63%. Compared to a pure PVB window, the smart window reduced indoor temperatures by 5.7 °C in field tests, indicating a significant energy-saving effect. This research presents a potential application for the rational design of MOFs in the development of advanced smart windows.

With advancements in renewable energy and the swift expansion of the electric vehicle sector, lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are recognized as energy storage devices that merge the high power density of supercapacitors with the high energy density of lithium-ion batteries, offering broad application potential across various fields. This paper initially presents an overview of the developmental history, energy storage mechanisms, and classifications of LICs. It then concentrates on the latest advancements in anode and cathode materials for LICs, systematically reviewing strategies for optimizing electrochemical performance through microstructure adjustment, elemental doping, and the use of composite materials. Furthermore, it delves into the recent progress in the electrolyte system of LICs and prelithiation technologies, examining the features of different electrolyte systems and detailing various prelithiation approaches along with their merits and drawbacks. In conclusion, this paper summarizes and anticipates the current research trends in LICs, offering new perspectives and directions for future investigations.

Silicon (Si) exhibits significant potential as a high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, its commercial viability is hindered by challenges such as volumetric expansion during charge and discharge cycles, inadequate electrical conductivity, and a limited cycle life. To address these issues, the combination of Si with transition metal oxides and carbon coatings has proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing cycling performance. This paper presents a straightforward and cost-effective one-pot method for synthesizing Si@AMOA (Silicon composite carbon-coated amorphous manganese oxides) composites. The pores between the cross-linked nanorods can provide a large volume expansion space, and the embedded nanorods have strong Si-C bonding, which can buffer the volume change of the Si active material, while the use of phenolic resin to form an amorphous carbon layer encapsulated with Si-composite amorphous MnO2 improves electrical conductivity and stability, and the Si@AMOA anode material is loose and porous, with a large specific surface area, which is conducive to the ionic and electronic transport. The absence of the MnO2 lattice leads to the presence of oxygen vacancies thus enabling the electrode material to have a better wettability with the electrolyte, which reduces the polarisation and improves the material's electrical conductivity, thus enabling the lithium to be rapidly intercalated/decalcified through the thin wall, thus improving its cycling stability performance. The Si@AMOA anode demonstrates a specific discharge capacity of 972.6 mAh g- 1 after more than 600 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g- 1, while exhibiting excellent electrochemical stability across varying current densities.

The development of industrialization has increased the prominence of the gradual consumption of nonrenewable resources and the environmental problems due to fossil fuels, gradually increasing the use of solar energy. Therefore, converting solar energy into electric energy through energy collection and storage systems and its applications have become a research hotspot in recent years. This study constructed a novel all -in -one photorechargeable supercapacitor using bismuth vanadate (BiVO4), reduced graphene oxide hydrogel (rGH), and Zn (CF3SO3)2 as photoanode, cathode, and electrolyte, respectively. Consequently, the device exhibits a 309.3 F/g high capacitance at 0.1 A g-1 under illumination with 95 mW cm -2 light intensity, 26.3 % higher than normal electric charging, and the supercapacitor has a 100 % capacity retention rate after 10,000 testing cycles under photoelectric synergistic charging and discharging. The as -constructed supercapacitor integrated with solar energy collection and electrochemical energy storage has potential applications in wearable electronic products and other fields.

Integrating pseudocapacitive molecule with graphene is an available method to improve the capacitance of electrode. Unfortunately, most current methods encounter with either uneven integration at micro-level or random orientation of graphene sheets and tedious preparation procedures. In this paper, by regulating the micro -force, the graphene sheets spacing of graphene oxide film (GOF) is controlled to enlarge to adsorb redoxactive Rhein molecule at micro-level and then shrink to form a Rhein@reduced GOF (Rhein@RGOF) electrode wrapping liquid as pores. Owing to the uniform and ultrathin integration of Rhein on graphene sheets and the porous oriented structure, the Rhein@RGOF can ensure high electron transfer efficiency from graphene scaffold to Rhein and fast ion transportation speed, thus achieving high synergistic effects of both materials ' advantages. As a result, the Rhein@RGOF shows both high specific capacitance ( C s , 374.5 F g - 1 ) and high capacitance retention (72.6 % at 50 A g - 1 ) in symmetrical supercapacitor, much better than that of mechanical mixing obtained Rhein/RGOF. Furthermore, when applied in Zn ion supercapacitor, Rhein@RGOF presents a higher C s of 201.4 mAh g -1 . The ex - situ XPS demonstrates the higher charge storage ability derives from the co-uptake of Zn 2+ and H + by C -- O. Moreover, the areal capacity of Rhein@RGOF exhibits a near-linearly increase with mass loading enlarging to 8.25 mg cm -2 . This work provides a new path for preparing high -performance electrode.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of supercapacitors (SCs) for high-power applications, including electric vehicles, consumer electronics, military, and industrial uses. One crucial research area focuses on enhancing the electrochemical properties of SCs through the development of superior electrode materials. A composite electrode material (CuS/Cu2S/rGO) that combines Cu-sulfur compounds and graphene has been synthesized using the continuous ion layer adsorption (SILAR) method on reduced graphene thin films (rGO). The CuS/Cu2S/rGO film SC demonstrates exceptional electrochemical properties, attributed to the synergistic effect of CuS, Cu2S, and rGO. At a current density of 0.5 A g(-1), the mass-specific capacitance reaches 355.70 F g(-1), with a high energy density of 49.40 Wh kg(-1) and a peak power density of 8511.49 W kg(-1). Even at an increased current density of 5 A g(-1), the mass-specific capacitance remains impressive at 239.62 F g(-1), indicating excellent rate performance. Furthermore, after 1000 constant current charge and discharge cycles, the material maintains a capacity retention rate of 87.13 %, underscoring its robust cycling stability.

A fluorescence-electrochemiluminescence (FL-ECL) dual-mode sensor for apoE gene detection has been developed, leveraging the unique properties of ruthenium metal organic framework nanosheets (RuMOFNSs). The system utilizes the quenching effect of the Ru(bpy)32+ ECL signal by ferrocene, leading to the synthesis of a multi-electron electrical signal marker, bisferrocene. By immobilizing the P-DNA on RuMOFNSs, bisferrocene quenches both FL and ECL signals. The addition of T-DNA and the consequent formation of double-stranded DNA enable the ExoIII enzyme to excise the bisferrocene fragment, restoring the signals. The sensor demonstrates wide detection linear ranges (1 fM to 1 nM for FL and 0.01 fM to 10 pM for ECL) and remarkable sensitivity (0.048 fM for FL and 0.016 fM for ECL). The dual-mode design offers enhanced reliability through a self-correction feature, reducing false positives. Compared to single-mode sensors, the dual-mode sensor shows significant advantages. Real-world testing confirms the sensor's capacity for robust detection in actual samples, underscoring its promising application in early disease diagnosis. This innovative approach opens up avenues for multi-signal response sensors, offering significant potential for diagnostic technologies.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention in the field of Lithium-ion batteries due to their porous periodic network properties. However, this is a challenge to design high-performance solid-state electrolytes reasonably. Herein, a small nano-sized MOF Small-UiO-66 is reported, which has high surface area and mesoporous properties that can effectively inhibit PEO matrix crystallization. The presence of Small-UiO-66 accelerates the dissociation of lithium salts, which disrupts the ordered arrangement of the PEO chain segments. The abundant Lewis acidic sites on the surface of Small-UiO-66 facilitate the construction of abundant Li+ transport channels and promote Li+ conduction. Furthermore, the smaller nano-sized increase the interfacial wettability with lithium metal, which promotes the uniform diffusion of Li+ and inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites. The results indicate that 0.1 Zr-CSE exhibits high ionic conductivities of 6.94 x 10(-4) S/cm at 60 degrees C. Based on 0.1 Zr-CSE, the Li||Li symmetric cell can operate stably for 1200 h at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm(2), and the LFP||Li cell also achieves a high initial capacity of 147.65 mAhg(-1) at current densities of 0.5C. This work presents a novel approach for preparing high-performance solid-state Lithium-ion batteries using MOFs as fillers for polymer solid-state electrolytes.

The emergence of lithium-ion solid electrolytes greatly increases the safety risk of liquid electrolytes. Among the many solid electrolytes, aluminum-doped Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3(LATP) has become a research hotspot due to its high ionic conductivity and good air stability. However, the traditional high-temperature sintering process has the problems of lithium volatilization and secondary phase formation. Therefore, it is very difficult to prepare high-quality LATP solid electrolytes. The X-ray diffraction pattern and analysis showed that the LATP samples prepared in this paper showed rhombohedral structure and could be indexed by the R3c space group, and a new method of excess lithium compensation sintering was proposed, in which lithium compensation (LiNO3) could well reduce the impact of lithium volatilization. It can be used as a sintering additive to promote the sintering densification of LATP. In this paper, the optimal sample for sintering at 900°C was determined by measuring the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the electrolyte, and lithium doping was studied. The LATP solid electrolyte with 10wt% lithium doped has a conductivity of 7.2× 10-4S/cm and a low activation energy (0.278eV). Its mechanical properties (elastic modulus and hardness) are the best, which are 103.024GPa and 8.053GPa, respectively, and the value of its elastic modulus is much greater than that of lithium metal shear modulus of 4.25GPa, which can effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. And the magnitude of the grain boundary conductivity and particle size of the lithium-doped sample correspond to the dielectric constant results.

A photorechargeable supercapacitor was constructed using vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), reduced graphene oxide hydrogel (rGH), and zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn(CF3SO3)(2)) as the photoanode, cathode, and electrolyte, respectively. The phase composition, microstructure, chemical structure, light absorption, and specific surface area of the synthesized products and the electrochemical performance of the rGH/V2O5 supercapacitor were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and an electrochemical workstation, respectively. The results show that the device has a specific capacity of 164 F g(-1) at 0.5 A g(-1) under illumination with 95 mW cm(-2) light intensity, which is 20.5% higher than that under normal electrical charging. The supercapacitor has a 75% capacity retention rate and 100% coulombic efficiency, respectively, after 10 000 testing cycles under photoelectric synergistic charging and discharging. The as-constructed rGH/V2O5 photorechargeable supercapacitor exhibits promising application potential in electric vehicles and wearable electronics.

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is an ideal material as an electrode used in the electrochemical energy storage field. However, the serious aggregation of graphene sheets and fewer chemically active sites limit it from exhibiting higher performance. Herein, we introduce a facile solvothermal reaction method to simultaneously regulate the functional groups on RGO, balance the aggregation and connection of graphene sheets, and dope the nitrogen element in a graphene network. The obtained electrode (RGO-N(DMF)) has a high content of carbonyl and nitrogen functional groups, and shows a fluffy structure as well as good electron conductivity, exhibiting both high chemically and physically actives sites. Benefiting from these advantages, RGO-N(DMF) shows a high specific capacity of 135 mA h g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 and favorable rate performance of maintaining 53% capacity at 50 A g-1, which are both higher than those of the normal hydrothermally obtained RGO electrodes. More interestingly, RGO-N(DMF) can maintain the high electrochemical performance at a high mass loading of 5.1 mg cm-2. In addition, when the RGO-N(DMF) electrode is used in the flexible Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor (ZHS), the capacity retention remains at 100% after 500-time bending, showing excellent mechanical flexibility. This study not only provides an effective strategy for constructing carbon-based cathode materials with excellent properties, but also provides prospects and enlightenment for the practical application of aqueous ZHSs. The prepared RGO-N(DMF) electrode has a fluffy structure and abundant physically and chemically active sites, showing both high specific capacity and rate performance.

Supercapacitors (SCs) are a novel type of energy storage device that exhibit features such as a short charging time, a long service life, excellent temperature characteristics, energy saving, and environmental protection. The capacitance of SCs depends on the electrode materials. Currently, carbon-based materials, transition metal oxides/hydroxides, and conductive polymers are widely used as electrode materials. However, the low specific capacitance of carbon-based materials, high cost of transition metal oxides/hydroxides, and poor cycling performance of conductive polymers as electrodes limit their applications. Copper–sulfur compounds used as electrode materials exhibit excellent electrical conductivity, a wide voltage range, high specific capacitance, diverse structures, and abundant copper reserves, and have been widely studied in catalysis, sensors, supercapacitors, solar cells, and other fields. This review summarizes the application of copper–sulfur compounds in SCs, details the research directions and development strategies of copper–sulfur compounds in SCs, and analyses and summarizes the research hotspots and outlook, so as to provide a reference and guidance for the use of copper–sulfur compounds.

As excellent energy storage devices, supercapacitors (SCs) have received widespread attention. Designing a reasonable SC device structure and exploring better active electrode materials are important ways to improve the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. CuS electrodes were prepared in situ on a brass substrate by using an in situ chemical reaction method. The impact of the temperature and duration of concentrated hydrochloric acid treatment on the electrode materials was examined. Morphological and compositional analyses of the CuS electrode materials were conducted using SEM, EDS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS. The electrochemical properties were assessed through CV, GCD, and EIS. By utilizing a 70 min treatment with concentrated HCl at 78 degrees C, CuS materials exhibiting nanosheet/nanoparticle composite morphologies were synthesized. The nanoparticles were approximately 10 nm in diameter, while the nanosheets, which were interconnected to form honeycomb structures, were 300 nm in diameter and 10 nm in thickness. When the current density was set at 5 mA cm(-2), the area-specific capacitance of the CuS electrode reached 1814 mF cm(-2). An asymmetric supercapacitor, CuS parallel to rGO, was fabricated by using the aforementioned conditions for the anode and rGO for the cathode. This configuration achieved a surface capacitance of 256 mF cm(-2) at a current density of 2 mA cm(-2). The maximum energy density attained was 0.05 mWh cm(-2), with a peak power density of 12.15 mW cm(-2). After 10,000 constant current charge-discharge cycles, the capacity retention rate reached 74%, while the Coulombic efficiency remained above 96%.

The photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection method, as a potential strategy for Cu2+ detection, has garnered widespread attention. In this paper, we present a PEC sensing platform using upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the conversion light source and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) as the photoactive material for the detection of Cu2+ in solution. When irradiated with a 980 nm light source, the UCNPs will absorb the 980 nm laser and emit fluorescence around 550 nm, which is then absorbed by the CdTe QDs. This absorption leads to electron-hole separation, with electrons transferring through the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. In the presence of Cu2+, the Cu2+ will be reduced to Cu+ by the electrons generated by the CdTe QDs, thereby hindering the transfer of electrons from the CdTe QDs to the ITO electrode and resulting in a reduction in current. The photocurrent continuously decreases with increasing Cu2+ concentration and shows a good linear relationship with Cu2+ concentration in the range of 1 µM to 25 µM. The lowest detection limit is 0.5 µM.

Zn metal is considered as a promising anode material within the "postlithium era" owing to its high safety and low cost. However, the development of Zn anodes is hampered by Zn dendrite problems and side reactions. Herein, xylitol is adopted as an electrolyte additive in pure ZnSO4 electrolyte to improve the reversibility and cyclic stability of the Zn anode. Benefiting from being rich in hydroxyl, the xylitol additive can break down the hydrogen-bond (H-bond) network of water molecules by forming an H-bond with water, which effectively reduces water activity and weakens the Zn2+ solvation structure. As a result, the generation of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and a series of parasitic reactions is depressed, and the Zn(2+ )nucleation sites increase significantly, resulting in the formation of a dense and homogeneous Zn deposition layer. Therefore, the Zn//Zn symmetric cell can cycle steadily for 1000 h at 4 mA cm(-2) and 1 mAh cm(-2) in the ZnSO4/xylitol electrolyte, which is much superior to in pure ZnSO4 electrolyte. Particularly, when xylitol/ZnSO(4 )electrolyte is applied in a Zn//reduced graphene oxide hybrid supercapacitor and a Zn//I-2 battery, the cycling and rate performance of both devices are significantly improved. This work provides a strategy to inhibit Zn dendrites' growth and achieve a long-life Zn anode.

Herein, an fluorescence (FL)-electrochemiluminescence (ECL) dual-mode biosensor is constructed based on the dual-signal "turn-on" strategy of functionalized metal-organic frameworks nanosheets (RuMOFNSs)-tetraferrocene for K-ras gene detection, and the mechanism of bursting through front-line orbital theory is explained for the first time. Amino-functionalized tetraferrocene-labeled probe DNA molecules are linked to RuMOFNSs by covalent amide bonds, acting as FL and ECL intensity switches. The target DNA, complementary to the probe DNA, triggers cyclic amplification of the target by nucleic acid exonuclease III (Exo III), repelling tetraferrocene reporter groups away from RuMOFNSs and inhibiting the electron transfer process and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect. These phenomena induce a double turn-on of FL and ECL signals with a high signal-to-noise ratio. The developed FL-ECL dual-mode sensing platform provides sensitive detection of the K-ras gene with detection limits of 0.01 fM (the detection range is 1 fM to 1 nM) and 0.003 fM (the detection range is 0.01 fM to 10 pM), respectively. In addition, the proposed dual-mode sensor can be easily extended to detect other disease-related biomarkers by changing the specific target and probe base sequences, depicting potential applications in bioanalysis and early disease diagnosis.

Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material with only one atom layer in thickness, with unique physical and chemical properties, such as strong mechanical properties, high thermal conductivity, large specific surface area, high light transmittance and high electron mobility, etc. Graphene oxide is a derivative present during transformation process from graphite to graphene. Compared with graphite and graphene, due to the rich functional groups between layers and at edges, graphene oxide owns property from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity, high chemical activity, high adsorption performance and coordinated photoelectric properties, etc. As a result, graphene and graphene oxide have broad applications in the fields of machinery, optoelectronics, information technology, and catalysis, etc. With the deepening understanding of the structure and properties of graphene and graphene oxide, their preparation technology and application fields will be further expanded. Preparation technology of graphene and graphene oxide and their application in various fields are reviewed. At the same time, preparation technology and application prospect are prospected.

Lithium-ion battery anode materials such as iron oxide suffer from large volume expansion during lithiation. In light of this problem, this work uses a template method to investigate the hollow structure that controls the Fe3O4@C void size. In the experiment, the hollow structure is controlled by the dosage of ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and Fe2O3 is coated with phenolic resin to reduce carbon to obtain an anode electrode material with excellent performance. The microstructure and morphology of the samples are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brutern-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their electrical properties are characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic intermittent titration analysis, and galvanostatic charge–discharge. According to the results, Fe3O4@C-1.0 has a large vacancy, and the structure does not crack during the battery charging and discharging process. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent electrochemical properties, rate performance, and stable cycle performance.

Since the report of perovskite solar cells in 2009,after more than ten years of development,the photovoltaic conversion efficiency has increased from the initial 3.8％to 25.7％.Perovskite solar cells mainly have planar and mesoporous structures.Compared with planar structure,perovskite solar cells with mesoporous structure have more mesoporous layer.With mesoporous layer,the contact area between the perovskite layer and the electron transport layer can be increased,which accelerates the extraction and transport of electrons,thus reducing the hysteresis effect of the cells.In this study,SnO2 mesoporous layer was prepared by using hydrothermal method and applied as the electron transport layer of perovskite solar cells.The effects of hydrothermal reaction time on performances of the mesoporous SnO2 electron transport layer and the perovskite solar cells were evaluated.Composition,morphology,optical and optoelectronic properties of the samples were studied by using XPS,SEM,UV-Vis,J-V and IPCE.It is found that diameter of the SnO2 nanosheets was increased from 80 nm to 270 nm and the thickness of the mesoporous SnO2 layer was increased from 70 nm to 350 nm,when the hydrothermal reaction time was prolonged from 3 h to 9 h.When the hydrothermal reaction time was 7 h,photoelectric performance of the device was optimized,with photoelectric conversion efficiency of 14.53％,open-circuit voltage of 1.04 V,short-circuit current density of 19.29 mA·cm-2 and fill factor of 72.57％.

The agglomeration of graphene sheets and undesired pore size distribution usually lead to unsatisfactory electrochemical properties of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) film electrodes. Herein, crumpled exfoliated graphene (EG) sheets are adopted as the microstructure-regulating agent to tune the morphology and micro-/mesopore amounts with the aim of increasing active surface sites and ion transportation paths in electrodes. With the optimum ratio between EG and GO, the resulting 75%-EG/RGO shows significantly improved specific gravimetric capacitance (Cs) and rate capability when compared with pure RGO electrodes in a symmetrical supercapacitor system. Moreover, when coupling the 75%-EG/RGO cathode with a Zn anode to form a Zn ion hybrid supercapacitor (ZHS), the 75%-EG/RGO exhibits a much higher Cs of 327.39 F g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and can maintain 91.7% capacitance after 8000 cycles. Systematic ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) measurements reveal that the charge storage mechanism is based on both reversible physical adsorption and dual ion uptake. Furthermore, the quasi-solid-state flexible ZHS also presents high capacitive performance and can maintain ∼100% capacitance under various bending states, demonstrating potential application in wearable electronics. This strategy opens up a new path for constructing high-performance graphene film electrodes.