The report at hand (including a comprehensive annex of data) serves as additional document to the National Inventory Report (NIR) on the German green house gas emissions and the Informative Inventory Report (IIR) on the German emissions of air pollutants (especially ammonia). The report documents the calculation methods used in the German agricultural inventory model Py-GAS-EM as well as input data, emission results and uncertainties of the emission reporting submission 2021 for the years 1990 - 2019. In this context the sector Agriculture comprises the emissions from animal husbandry, the use of agricultural soils and anaerobic digestion of energy crops. As required by the guidelines, emissions from activities preceding agriculture, from the use of energy and from land use change are reported elsewhere in the national inventories. The calculation methods are based in principle on the international guidelines for emission reporting and have been continuingly improved during the past years by the Thunen Institute working group on agricultural emission inventories, partly in cooperation with KTBL. In particular, these improvements concern the calculation of energy requirements, feeding and the N balance of the most important animal categories. In addition, technical measures such as air scrubbing (mitigation of ammonia emissions) and digestion of animal manures (mitigation of emissions of methane and laughing gas) have been taken into account. For the calculation of emissions from anaerobic digestion of animal manures and energy crops (including spreading of the digestate), the aforementioned working group developed, in cooperation with KTBL, a national methodology. [...]

The report at hand (including a comprehensive annex of data) serves as additional document to the National Inventory Report (NIR) on the German green house gas emissions and the Informative Inventory Report (IIR) on the German emissions of air pollutants (especially ammonia). The report documents the calculation methods used in the German agricultural inventory model Py-GAS-EM as well as input data, emission results and uncertainties of the emission reporting submission 2021 for the years 1990 - 2019. In this context the sector Agriculture comprises the emissions from animal husbandry, the use of agricultural soils and anaerobic digestion of energy crops. As required by the guidelines, emissions from activities preceding agriculture, from the use of energy and from land use change are reported elsewhere in the national inventories. The calculation methods are based in principle on the international guidelines for emission reporting and have been continuingly improved during the past years by the Thunen Institute working group on agricultural emission inventories, partly in cooperation with KTBL. In particular, these improvements concern the calculation of energy requirements, feeding and the N balance of the most important animal categories. In addition, technical measures such as air scrubbing (mitigation of ammonia emissions) and digestion of animal manures (mitigation of emissions of methane and laughing gas) have been taken into account. For the calculation of emissions from anaerobic digestion of animal manures and energy crops (including spreading of the digestate), the aforementioned working group developed, in cooperation with KTBL, a national methodology. Total GHG emissions from German agriculture decreased from 76.5 Tg CO2eq in 1990 to 61.8Tg CO2eq in 2019 (-19.2 %). This reduction is a consequence of the following emission changes of partial sources (rounded figures): • decrease of 9.1 Tg CO2eq (-27.7 %) as CH4 from enteric fermentation, • decrease of 2.3 Tg CO2eq (-21.3 %) as CH4 and N2O from manure management, • increase of 1.6 Tg CO2eq as CH4 and N2O from anaerobic digestion of energy crops (digester + storage of digestate; 1990: 0 Tg), • decrease of 4.5 Tg CO2eq (15.3 %) as N2O from agricultural soils, • decrease of 0.41 Tg CO2eq (-15.2 %) as CO2 from liming (agriculture and forest), • increase of 0.04 Tg CO2eq (+8.8 %) as CO2 from application of urea. These changes are largely the result of the decline in animal numbers following reunification (reduction of oversized livestock numbers in Eastern Germany) and from the mid-2000s due to the limiting effect of the milk quota system (albeit with a renewed increase due to abolition of the milk quota system as of 31 May 2015). Increased nitrogen fertilization (mainly due to the application of increasingly larger amounts of digestate) led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions from the mid- 2000s. By contrast, the increasing use of manure in biogas plants has contributed to a reduction in methane emissions from manure storage. The NH3 time series as well is a result of counteracting processes. Here too, one of the important governing quantities is the animal number the decrease of which after the German reunification is the main reason for the considerable decrease of the emissions from 1991 to 1992. Mitigation measures like emission-reduced storage and application of manure led to a reduction of emissions in subsequent years. However, opposite trends are caused by increase of animal performance and, for some years, animal numbers. In addition, emissions from application of synthetic fertilizer are higher than in 1990, even though the amount of synthetic fertilizer applied decreased (in units of nitrogen). The observed increase of emissions is due to the increasing share of urea, as urea has a considerably higher emission factor than other synthetic fertilizers. A major contributor to the increase in NH3 emissions in recent years has been the increase in anaerobic digestion of energy crops. Although emissions from the anaerobic digestion of energy crops and the application of the resulting digestates are reported, they are, at the time being, not considered with regard to compliance with internationally agreed emission ceilings. Omitting the emissions due to anaerobic digestion of energy crops (including spreading of digestates), the 2019 NH3 emissions of the German agriculture were 500.0 Gg, which is 26.6 % lower than in 1990 where the emissions amounted to 681.6 Gg and 9.4% lower than in 2005 where the emissions amounted to 551.6 Gg. Including anaerobic digestion of energy crops (including spreading of digestates) leads 2019 to total NH3 emissions from agriculture of 557.8 Gg, which is 18.2 % less than 1990 and 0.009% less than 2005.

In international conventions Germany has committed to the mitigation of emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollution. These international regulations (protocols etc.) are the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP), and within the European Union the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants (NEC Directive). These conventions require annual calculations of the emissions of the respective gases and air pollutants. The results have to be documented in an emission inventory and to be reported to the organisations in charge. The data file contains input data and results of the calculation of gas and particulate emissions from German agriculture for Germany and the federal states in the years 1990 - 2019. In this context the sector Agriculture comprises the emissions from animal husbandry, the use of agricultural soils and anaerobic digestion of energy crops. As required by the guidelines, emissions from activities preceding agriculture, from the use of energy and from land use change are reported elsewhere in the national inventories.

The report at hand (including a comprehensive annex of data) serves as additional document to the National Inventory Report (NIR) on the German green house gas emissions and the Informative Inventory Report (IIR) on the German emissions of air pollutants (especially ammonia). The report documents the calculation methods used in the German agricultural inventory model GAS-EM as well as input data, emission results and uncertainties of the emission reporting submission 2020 for the years 1990 - 2018. In this context the sector Agriculture comprises the emissions from animal husbandry, the use of agricultural soils and anaerobic digestion of energy crops. As required by the guidelines, emissions from activities preceding agriculture, from the use of energy and from land use change are reported elsewhere in the national inventories. The calculation methods are based in principle on the international guidelines for emission reporting and have been continuingly improved during the past years by the Thunen Institute working group on agricultural emission inventories, partly in cooperation with KTBL. In particular, these improvements concern the calculation of energy requirements, feeding and the N balance of the most important animal categories. In addition, technical measures such as air scrubbing (mitigation of ammonia emissions) and digestion of animal manures (mitigation of emissions of methane and laughing gas) have been taken into account. For the calculation of emissions from anaerobic digestion of animal manures and energy crops (including spreading of the digestate), the aforementioned working group developed, in cooperation with KTBL, a national methodology. Total GHG emissions from German agriculture decreased from 79.3 Tg CO2eq in 1990 to 63.6 Tg CO2eq in 2018 (-19.8 %). This reduction is a consequence of the following emission changes of partial sources (rounded figures): • decrease of 10.3 Tg CO2eq (-29.1 %) as CH4 from enteric fermentation, • decrease of 2.0 Tg CO2eq (-24.3 %) as CH4 and N2O from manure management, • increase of 1.6 Tg CO2eq as CH4 and N2O from anaerobic digestion of energy crops (digester + storage of digestate; 1990: 0 Tg), • decrease of 4.1 Tg CO2eq (14.3 %) as N2O from agricultural soils, • decrease of 0.36 Tg CO2eq (-13.3 %) as CO2 from liming (agriculture and forest), • increase of 0.09 Tg CO2eq (+18.8 %) as CO2 from application of urea. These changes are largely the result of the decline in animal numbers following reunification (reduction of oversized livestock numbers in Eastern Germany) and from the mid-2000s due to the limiting effect of the milk quota system (albeit with a renewed increase due to abolition of the milk quota system as of 31 May 2015). Increased nitrogen fertilization (mainly due to the application of increasingly larger amounts of digestate) led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions from the mid- 2000s. By contrast, the increasing use of manure in biogas plants has contributed to a reduction in methane emissions from manure storage. The NH3 time series as well is a result of counteracting processes. Here too, one of the important governing quantities is the animal number the decrease of which after the German reunification is the main reason for the considerable decrease of the emissions from 1991 to 1992. Mitigation measures like emission-reduced storage and application of manure led to a reduction of emissions in subsequent years. However, opposite trends are caused by increase of animal performance and, for some years, animal numbers. In addition, emissions from application of synthetic fertilizer are higher than in 1990, even though the amount of synthetic fertilizer applied decreased (in units of nitrogen). The observed increase of emissions is due to the increasing share of urea, as urea has a considerably higher emission factor than other synthetic fertilizers. A major contributor to the increase in NH3 emissions in recent years has been the increase in anaerobic digestion of energy crops. Although emissions from the anaerobic digestion of energy crops and the application of the resulting digestates are reported, they are, at the time being, not considered with regard to compliance with internationally agreed emission ceilings. Omitting the emissions due to anaerobic digestion of energy crops (including spreading of digestates), the 2018 NH3 emissions of the German agriculture were 547.8 Gg, which is 24.4 % lower than in 1990 where the emissions amounted to 724.8 Gg. Including anaerobic digestion of energy crops (including spreading of digestates) leads 2018 to total NH3 emissions from agriculture of 606.7 Gg, which is 16.3 % less than 1990.

The report at hand (including a comprehensive annex of data) serves as additional document to the National Inventory Report (NIR) on the German green house gas emissions and the Informative Inventory Report (IIR) on the German emissions of air pollutants (especially ammonia). The report documents the calculation methods used in the German agricultural inventory model GAS-EM as well as input data, emission results and uncertainties of the emission reporting submission 2018 for the years 1990 - 2016. In this context the sector Agriculture comprises the emissions from animal husbandry, the use of agricultural soils and anaerobic digestion of energy crops. As required by the guidelines, emissions from activities preceding agriculture, from the use of energy and from land use change are reported elsewhere in the national inventories. In this context the sector Agriculture comprises the emissions from animal husbandry, the use of agricultural soils and anaerobic digestion of energy crops. As required by the guidelines, emissions from activities preceding agriculture, from the use of energy and from land use change are reported elsewhere in the national inventories...

The report at hand (including a comprehensive annex of data) serves as additional document to the National Inventory Report (NIR) on the German green house gas emissions and the Informative Inventory Report (IIR) on the German emissions of air pollutants (especially ammonia). The report documents the calculation methods used in the German agricultural inventory model GAS-EM as well as input data, emission results and uncertainties of the emission reporting submission 2018 for the years 1990 - 2016. In this context the sector Agriculture comprises the emissions from animal husbandry, the use of agricultural soils and anaerobic digestion of energy crops. As required by the guidelines, emissions from activities preceding agriculture, from the use of energy and from land use change are reported elsewhere in the national inventories. [...]

Der vorliegende Berichtsband einschlieslich des umfangreichen Datenanhangs dient als Begleitdokument zum National Inventory Report (NIR) uber die deutschen Treibhausgas-Emissionen sowie zum Informative Inventory Report (IIR) uber die deutschen Schadstoffemissionen (insbesondere Ammoniak). Er dokumentiert die im deutschen landwirtschaftlichem Inventarmodell GAS-EM integrierten Berechnungsverfahren sowie die Eingangsdaten, Emissionsergebnisse und Unsicherheiten der Berichterstattung 2017 fur die Jahre 1990 bis 2015. Der Bereich Landwirtschaft umfasst dabei die Emissionen aus der Tierhaltung und der Nutzung landwirtschaftlicher Boden sowie aus der Vergarung von Energiepflanzen. Emissionen aus dem Vorleistungsbereich, aus der Nutzung von Energie sowie Landnutzungsanderungen werden den Regelwerken entsprechend an anderer Stelle in den nationalen Inventaren berichtet.Die Berechnungsverfahren beruhen in erster Linie auf den internationalen Regelwerken zur Emissionsberichterstattung und wurden durch die Arbeitsgruppe 'Landwirtschaftliche Emissionsinventare' des Thunen-Instituts in den vergangenen Jahren bestandig weiterentwickelt (teilweise in Zusammenarbeit mit dem KTBL). Dies betrifft im Wesentlichen die Berechnung des Energiebedarfs, der Futterung und der tierischen N-Bilanz bei den wichtigen Tierkategorien. Zusatzlich wurden technische Masnahmen wie Abluftreinigung (Minderung von Ammoniakemissionen) und die Vergarung von Wirtschaftsdunger (Minderung von Methan- und Lachgasemissionen) berucksichtigt. Fur die Berechnung von Emissionen aus der Vergarung von Wirtschaftsdunger und Energiepflanzen (einschlieslich Garrestausbringung) entwickelte die vorgenannte Arbeitsgruppe in Zusam-menarbeit mit dem KTBL eine deutsche Methodik. [...]

The report at hand (including a comprehensive annex of data) serves as additional document to the National Inventory Report (NIR) on the German green house gas emissions and the Informative Inventory Report (IIR) on the German emissions of air pollutants (especially ammonia). The report documents the calculation methods used in the German agricultural inventory model GAS-EM as well as input data, emission results and uncertainties of the emission reporting submission 2016 for the years 1990 - 2014. In this context the sector Agriculture comprises the emissions from animal husbandry, the use of agricultural soils and anaerobic digestion of energy crops. As required by the guidelines, emissions from activities preceding agriculture, from the use of energy and from land use change are reported elsewhere in the national inventories. The calculation methods are based in principle on international guidelines for emission reporting and have been continuingly improved during the past years. In particular, these improvements concern the calculation of energy requirements, feeding and the N balance of the most important animal categories. In addition, technical measures such as air scrubbing (mitigation of ammonia emissions) and digestion of animal manures mitigation of emissions of methane and loughing gas) have been taken into account [...].

The report at hand (including a comprehensive annex of data) serves as additional document to the National Inventory Report (NIR) on the German green house gas emissions and the Informative Inventory Report (IIR) on the German emissions of air pollutants (especially ammonia). The report documents the calculation methods used in the German agricultural inventory model GAS-EM as well as input data, emission results and uncertainties of the emission reporting submission 2015 for the years 1990 - 2013. In this context the sector Agriculture comprises the emissions from animal husbandry, the use of agricultural soils and anaerobic digestion of energy plants. As required by the guidelines, emissions from activities preceding agriculture, from the use of energy and from land use change are reported elsewhere in the national inventories. The calculation methods are based in principle on international guidelines for emission reporting and have been continuingly improved during the past years. In particular, these improvements concern the calculation of energy requirements, feeding and the N balance of the most important animal categories. In addition, technical measures such as air scrubbing (mitigation of ammonia emissions) and digestion of animal manures (mitigation of emissions of methane and loughing gas) have been taken into account. Total emissions of methane (CH4) and laughing gas (N2O) from German agriculture (including the anaerobic digestion of energy plants) decreased from about 77.9 Tg CO2-eq in 1990 to about 64.2 Tg CO2-eq in 2013 (- 17.5 %). [...]

The report at hand (including a comprehensive annex of data) serves as additional document to the National Inventory Report (NIR) on the German green house gas emissions and the Informative Inventory Report (IIR) on the German emissions of air pollutants (especially ammonia). The report documents the calculation methods used in the German agricultural inventory model GAS-EM as well as input data, emission results and uncertainties of the emission reporting submission 2014 for the years 1990 - 2012. In this context the sector Agriculture comprises the emissions from animal husbandry and the use of agricultural soils. As required by the guidelines, emissions from activities preceding agriculture, from the use of energy and from land use change are reported elsewhere in the national inventories. The calculation methods are based in principle on international guidelines for emission reporting and have been continuingly improved during the past years. This concerns especially the calculation of energy requirements, feeding and the N balance of the most important animal categories. In addition, technical mitigation measures such as air scrubbing and digestion of slurry have been taken into account. [...]

Der vorliegende Berichtsband einschlieslich des umfangreichen Datenanhangs dient als Begleitdokument zum National Inventory Report (NIR) uber die deutschen Treibhausgas-Emissionen und zum Informative Inventory Report (IIR), uber die deutschen Schadstoffemissionen (insbesondere Ammoniak). Er dokumentiert die im deutschen landwirtschaftlichem Inventarmodell GASEM integrierten Berechnungsverfahren sowie die Eingangsdaten, Emissionsergebnisse und Unsicherheiten der Berichterstattung 2014 fur die Jahre 1990 bis 2012. Der Bereich Landwirtschaft umfasst dabei die Emissionen aus der Tierhaltung und der Nutzung landwirtschaftlicher Boden. Emissionen aus dem Vorleistungsbereich, aus der Nutzung von Energie sowie Landnutzungsanderungen werden den Regelwerken entsprechend an anderer Stelle in den nationalen Inventaren berichtet. Die Berechnungsverfahren beruhen in erster Linie auf internationalen Regelwerken zur Emissionsberichterstattung und wurden in den vergangenen Jahren bestandig weiterentwickelt. Dies betrifft im Wesentlichen die Berechnung des Energiebedarfs, der Futterung und der tierischen N-Bilanz bei den wichtigen Tierkategorien. Zusatzlich wurden technische Minderungsmasnahmen wie Abluftreinigung und Gullevergarung berucksichtigt. [...]

In Europe, gaseous and particulate emissions from agriculture have been subject to both national and international regulations, as they adversely affect the energy dynamics of the atmosphere (physical climate), the formation of tropospheric and the destruction of stratospheric ozone, the amount of formation of secondary aerosols, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to atmospheric inputs of acidity and nutrients (acidification and eutrophication), human health and welfare and reduce atmospheric visibility. These internation regulations (protocols etc.) are the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC5), the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP6), and within the European Union the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants (NEC Directive7). The forementioned conventions require annual calculations of the emissions of the respective gases and air pollutants. The results have to be documented in an emission inventory and to be reported to the organisations in charge. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) is responsible for the entire German emission reporting. However, the sector “Agriculture” is dealt with under the aegis of the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV). BMELV has charged the Institute for Climate-Smart Agriculture (AK) (the former Insitute of Agricultural Climate Research) of the Johann Heinrich von Thunen-Institut (TI) with the establishment of the annual agricultural emission inventory where only emissions from agricultural animal husbandry and from managed agricultural soils are regarded as agricultural emissions.

Nach der Veroffentlichung der Ammoniakminderungskosten fur Masnahmen bei der Lagerung und Ausbringung von Flussigmist [1, 2] werden in diesem Beitrag die Minderungskosten fur unterschiedliche Rohprotein-angepasste Futterungsvarianten in der Mastschweinehaltung vorgestellt. Die Berechnung der Minderungskosten erfolgte auf Basis selbst ermittelter Stickstoffausscheidungen und Emissionsfaktoren. Die starkste Reduzierung der N-Ausscheidung und damit verbunden der Ammoniakemissionen wird durch den Ubergang von der Universalzur Zweiphasenmast erreicht. Die Einfuhrung weiterer Phasenabschnitte fuhrt nur zu vergleichsweise geringen weiteren Minderungen. Die hoheren Kosten fur die Futterungstechnik und hoheren Aminosaureeinsatz bei der Mehrphasenfutterung werden durch Einsparungen teurer Eiweiskomponenten ausgeglichen. Abhangig von Referenzverfahren, Anlagengrose und durchschnittlicher Wachstumsleistung der Tiere entstehen negative Minderungskosten in Hohe von -2,92 bis -16,14 €/kg NH3. Bei den derzeitigen Kosten fur Anlagentechnik und Futtermittel kann daher von einer deutlichen Kosteneinsparung durch eine Rohproteinangepasste Mehrphasenfutterung ausgegangen werden.

After considerable improvements of wastewater treatment, the loads of nutrients and plant protection agents, deriving from agriculture and heavy metals from urban drainages effluents as well as from erosion of agricultural soils are the main sources of nutrients and harmful substances in the loads of water bodies. The targets of the project were on the one hand the analysis of the political and legislative framework of both policy fields and on the other hand the evaluation of several, selected water protection measures with regard to their contribution to reduce water pollution, their economical effects as well as their political enforceability. The focus was laid on diffuse water pollution caused by agriculture. As main reasons for the diffuse water pollution stagnating at high level, the analysis of the political framework identified a lack of implementation discipline of water law, followed by the fragmented and insufficient water protection legislation itself and the previous design of the common agricultural policy slanted towards increasing productivity. For the future co-operation of agricultural and water authorities in implementation of their reforms and better definition of Good Farming Practice are recommended. The second investigation level focuses on the analysis and assessment of selected measures to reduce the input of nutrients and plant protection agents. This part was done with help of calculation models focussing on the specific cost/benefit ratios for water protection. In detail the following measures have been analysed: decoupling of direct payments, coupling of livestock farming to areas, tax on mineral nitrogen, pesticide levy, buffer stripes alongside of watercourses, all season crop cover on arable land, soil cultivation procedures, changing the use of arable land, optimisation of animal nutrition, optimisation of manure storage and application, co-operative agreements, education and training. Co-operations and water protection related education and training can be highly recommended, since they improve knowledge and freedom of action. As the results on county level show, the measure Decoupling of direct payments would not lead to appreciable changes as far as the nutrient surpluses on farmland is concerned. Coupling livestock farming to would decrease the surpluses substantially. For this measure and Tax on mineral nitrogen, varying adaptation reactions could be expected depending on the regional specialisation in cropping or livestock farming areas. On single farm level the measures, protein adapted feeding, optimisation of manure storage and application showed the best cost-efficiency to reduce nutrient surpluses. All season crop cover on arable land and conservation tillage are highly efficient, too, and should be included in farming practice. A stronger limitation of livestock density could mean a reduction of manure, but the implementation of this measure would lead to high losses of income for farmers specialised in animal production. For reduction of diffuse water pollution caused by urban drainage political approaches as well as detailed technical measures are examined. In the area of urban drainage storm water management (especially infiltration and constructed wetlands), unsealing of paved areas and small wastewater treatment structures (for phosphorus reduction) showed best cost-effectiveness.

In Germany around 25 % of cattle and 10 % of pigs are kept in straw-bedded housing with resultant annual production of some 32 million tonnes of solid manure. Apart from that produced in deep litter housing systems, this manure is normally continually removed to solidbased storage near the respective livestock buildings. In exceptional cases it may be necessary to deposit manure on an intermediate basis out in the fields on unprepared surfaces. Currently there are no uniform recommendations from the specific authorities in Germany regarding such intermediate storage of solid manure. This paper describes the existing requirements in this respect from the aspects of soil and water protection.

The KTBL has updated calculations of the costs of measures to reduce ammonia emissions from agriculture. In the present paper the results for different covers for storages of liquid manure are presented. From the national emission inventory a surface-based reference emission factor without cover of 16 g • m-2 • d-1 for pig slurry without natural crust and 3.3 g • m-2 • d-1 for cattle slurry with natural crust is deduced. Notably the coverings by granules or straw are costeffective abatement measures (pig slurry: 0.26–0.36 resp. 0.48–0.63 €/kg NH3). Furthermore, the composition of the costs and cost-saving side effects are discussed.