In what follows, all attention is directed atfinal product output, and at comparative quantities of services relative to commodities produced and consumed in a wide variety of nations. The presentation will be divided between a discussion of the problems of measurement of services in an international context and a description of the empirical results derived from a combined cross-section and time-series analysis of service- commodity output composition. The nature of the evidence in this analysis bears more on intercountry comparisons than on intertemporal ones. That is, more reliable statistical light

Modifications to Japanese-type longline gear, by the introduction of a large, rotating tub from which the line is handled, have resulted in a considerable saving in manpower. Conventional gear can be operated in tbis manner with few changes. Instead of using individual baskets of line which must be separated and joined together for each day's fishing, a continuous mainline is set from, and hauled into, a wooden storage drum. This innovation is the product of continuing studies to increase the efficiency of longline gear. lNT3ODUCTION The Pacific Oceanic Fishery Investiga- tions IPOF'I) of the U.S. Fish and WildIife Service has found longlining to be an effective means of capturing tunas in the relatively bait- less waters of the central Pacific. This report describes a new method of fishing longline gear recently developed at POFI following a sugges- tion by Mr. A.K Akana, our fleet supervisor. Longline gear used in the beginning of POFI programme was copied from conventional Japanese designs. Experience showed that this type of gear, although adequate as a sampling tool for exploratory fishing, required too many men, by American standards, to be ideally suited for commerciaI use. During the past several years many attempts have been made to improve the efficiency of the gear to a point where- it might be commercially feasible for American operations. The so-called "tub" gear des- cribed below is the most succesfd effort to date in that it permits a material reduction in the usual number of men required to fish longline gear. The essence of the tub rnethd lies in a new and novel means of handling the mainline. Instead of the individual baskets of conventional gear which must be separated and joked together for each day's fishing, tub gear has a mainline of one continuous length which is set from and hauled into the large woden storage dram which gives tbis methd its name. Droppers and floatlines are removed from the mainline when hauling and are reattached during setting operations. The tub method of fishing requires only minor changes in the design of conventional longline gear. Standard POFI gear or any long- line with - detachable droppers and floatlines may be fished by this method by adding " D" rings ( described below) to the mainline.