This paper reports on a novel CMOS-based silicon microprobe for high-density intracortical stress mapping. In contrast to existing systems, square p-type field effect transistors (FET) with four source/drain contacts (piezo-FETs) are integrated on the slender, needle-like probe shaft. In total, 345 stress sensors are arranged in five columns (x/y-pitch of 51.4/26.6 mu m) along the 180-mu m-wide shaft. Measuring in-plane normal stress in silicon neural probes is envisioned to avoid probe fracture during insertion and to evaluate the probe deflection caused by brain motion after insertion. The combination with switchable electrodes will enable the simultaneous neural recording of brain activity. The paper presents the probe concept, the post-CMOS fabrication process, the piezo-FET characterization, and measurements demonstrating stress mapping in a brain model.

This paper presents the NeuroSelect software for managing the electronic depth control of cerebral CMOS-based microprobes for extracellular in vivo recordings. These microprobes contain up to 500 electronically switchable electrodes which can be appropriately selected with regard to specific neuron locations in the course of a recording experiment. NeuroSelect makes it possible to scan the electrodes electronically and to (re)select those electrodes of best signal quality resulting in a closed-loop design of a neural acquisition system. The signal quality is calculated by the relative power of the spikes compared with the background noise. The spikes are detected by an adaptive threshold using a robust estimator of the standard deviation. Electrodes can be selected in a manual or semi-automatic mode based on the signal quality. This electronic depth control constitutes a significant improvement for multielectrode probes, given that so far the only alternative has been the fine positioning by mechanical probe translation. In addition to managing communication with the hardware controller of the probe array, the software also controls acquisition, processing, display and storage of the neural signals for further analysis.

Pour des raisons historiques, cliniques et theoriques, l’auteur de cet article considere qu’en therapie psychanalytique de couple et de famille, le dispositif de la cotherapie (ou presence d’une equipe de therapeutes) est un acting out. Il signale l’importance therapeutique du processus de reinstitution de la famille ou du couple en detresse. Ce processus de reinstitution du couple et de la famille defaillante est d’ordre essentiellement symbolique. C’est pourquoi il suffit de la presence d’un therapeute ayant fonction symbolique instituante – fonction qui s’exprime principalement par l’interpretation – pour que ce processus puisse avoir lieu. La presence d’un couple institue de therapeutes limite et entrave la fonction instituante.