Dilution enthalpies and mixing enthalpies of sodium halide and some saccharides (glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, fructose, and sucrose) in aqueous solution were determined by calorimetric measurements at 298.15 K. The values were used to determine enthalpic pair interaction parameters. Combined with Gibbs energy pair parameters, entropic pair interaction parameters were also obtained. Theoretical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level were carried out to provide the information of structures and thermodynamic functions. The information reveals the thermodynamic essence of the interactions between sodium halide and saccharides in aqueous solutions. The experimental results and theoretical calculations show that the sign of enthalpic pair interaction parameter 2υh(ES) is determined by the direct interaction between saccharides and ions, whereas the difference in value of 2υh(ES) for different saccharides or electrolytes depends on the partial dehydration of saccharides or anions in aqueous solution. The difference in value of entropic pair interaction parameters depends partly on the different dominant interactions in the process of partial dehydration of saccharides or ions. An enthalpy-entropy compensation relationship was observed for the sodium bromide-aldopyranose-water systems. Remarkably, it can be conjectured that the hydration entropy of glucose is lower than for other monosaccharides. Perhaps it is one of the reasons why glucose plays an important role in living organisms rather than other monosaccharides.

In order to investigate the chemical constituents of the seed of Nigella glandulifera Freyn,the materials were extracted with ethanol and separated by repeated silica gel column chromatography and ODS column chromatography to get single compound.The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of physiochemical properties,spectroscopic analysis and comparing with standard sample and literatures.Sixteen compounds were identified as nigeglanine(1),fuzitine(2),L-tryptophan(3),methyl ester of L-tryptophan(4),5,7-dihydroxy-isobenzofuran(5),stigmasterol(6),stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),β-sitosterol(8),β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),linoleic acid(10),Di-n-butyl phthalate(11),palmitic acid(12),1-hexadecanoyl glycer(13),Octadecanoic acid(14),glycerol-β-steariate(15),sugar(16).Compounds 3-5,7,9,11,15 were isolated from the plant for the first time.

a grant (code KSCX2-YW-R-132) of the Lead Project Program for Knowledge Renewal of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Electron paramagnetic resonance and electron-nuclear double resonance methods were used to study the polycyclic aromatic radical cations produced in a Friedel-Crafts alkylating system, with m-xylene, or p-xylene and alkyl chloride. The results indicate that the observed electron paramagnetic resonance spectra are due to polycyclic aromatic radicals formed from the parent hydrocarbons. It is suggested that benzyl halides produced in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions undergo Scholl self-condensation to give polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are converted into corresponding polycyclic aromatic radical cations in the presence of AlCl3. The identification of observed two radicals 2,6-dimethylanthracene and 1,4,5,8-tetramethylanthracene were supported by density functional theory calculations using the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) approach. The theoretical coupling constants support the experimental assignment of the observed radicals.

The title compound glaucocalyxin A (1) (7, 14-dihydroxy-ent-kaur-16-en-3,15-dione) isolated from the leaves of isodon excisoides was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and EIMS, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray crystal structure revealed that the molecular backbone of the chosen crystal is a tetracyclic system, including three six-membered rings and a five-membered ring, and the three six-membered rings are in a chair-like conformation. The five-membered ring adopts a twisted envelope-like conformation, and its geometrical parameters were compared with theoretical calculations at the B3LYP and HF level of theory. The molecules form extensive networks through the intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The experimental NMR data were interpreted with the aid of magnetic shielding constant calculations, by means of the GIAO (gauge-lncluding atomic orbitals) method. Calculated and experimental results were compared with a satisfactory level of agreement. Molecular electrostatic potential map was used in an attempt to identify key features of the diterpenoid glaucocalyxin A that is necessary for its activity. Calculations of molecular electrostatic potential and stabilization energies suggest that the protonation of glaucocalyxin A will be able to occur on carbonyl oxygen atoms.

Chemical constituents of diterpenoids from Isodon japonica var.galaucocalyx were studied. The compounds were isolated by column Chromatography and the structures of these compounds were elucidated by means of spectral analysis. The antitumor activity was determined in vitro by the SRB assay. Five compounds were isolated and identified as Rabdesinate(Ⅰ),Epinodosin(Ⅱ),Lasiokaourin(Ⅲ),Epinodosinol(Ⅳ) and Oridonin(Ⅴ),respectively. These compounds have significant cytotoxicity against Bel-7402 and HO-8910. Compounds Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ of them were obtained form I.japonica var.galaucocalyx for the first time.

Total extraction of al Sophora opecuroides L.and other components which come from it were added into YPDA with yeast stain AH109 which carry apolipoprotein AI (apo-AI) and scavenger receptors class B type I (SR-BI) genes of rat.By comparing the activity of β-galactosidase with blank control,it showed us that total extraction of can enhance the interaction of rat apo-AI and SR-BI obviously.After isolated by silica chromatography,k-1 was divided into ten components.Selecting these components by two-yeast hybrid system again,we observed that five components can enhance the interaction of rat apo-AI and SR-BI,three of them inhibit the interaction of rat apo-AI and SR-BI,and two of them almost have no effect on the interaction of rat apo-AI and SR-BI.Trailing the process of isolating a kind of nature plant by two yeast hybrid system showed us that this system may be an effective method on finding activity components which can low lipid in plasma.

The objective of this study was to develop an effective method to screen transgenic donor cells and improve the production efficiency of transgenic embryos. In the study, goat (Capra ibex) skin fibroblasts were co-transfected with two expression constructs, one containing the human α1 (I) procollagen cDNA fragment (4.3kb) and the neomycin resistance (Neor) gene, and the second containing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. The Neor and GFP genes were used as markers for the screening of donor cells. Results revealed a significant difference (P<0.01) in the production rate of positive transgenic blastocysts (44.6% versus 82.8%) between donor fibroblasts selected using antibiotic G418 alone (Treatment A) and those from donor fibroblasts selected using antibiotic G418 and GFP (Treatment B), respectively. No significant differences were found between Treatments A and B in the total somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryo cleavage rates (71.1% versus 65.9%) and total SCNT blastocyst formation rates (18.2% versus 15.7%). The research results indicate the Neor and GFP genes located at different constructs can be effectively combined by co-transfection to screen transgenic donor fibroblasts, and increase the yield of transgenic SCNT embryos carrying human α1 (I) procollagen cDNA in goats.

黑种草属植物属毛茛科植物金莲花亚科,其中有3种药用植物,分别是:瘤果黑种草Nigella glandulifera Preyn.,又名腺毛黑种草,还有果黑种草Nigella sativa,又名家黑种草以及黑种草Nigella damascena L.,它们的种子是常用的药材,呈三棱状卵形,长2.5～3mm,宽1.5mm.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of calycosin on the protein and gene expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).METHODS Cultured HUVECs were divided randomly into 5 groups:control,angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)(1×10-6mol·L-1),AngⅡ(1×10-6mol·L-1)+calycosin(10,1,0.1 mg·L-1 respectively).Morphology of vascular endothelial cells was studied by common microscope with hematoxylin and eosin double staining.Changes in both protein and gene expression of ACE,ACE2 were detected with immunohistochemistry analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) technique respectively.RESULTS ①Compared with controls,AngⅡ(1×10-6mol·L-1) promoted both protein and gene expressions of ACE and inhibited the expression of ACE2 in HUVECs(P0.05).②Calycosin induced a concentration dependent increase of both protein and gene expressions of ACE2(P0.05),downregulated the expression of ACE(P0.05).CONCLUSION Calycosin from Gansu Astragalus membranaceus showed a protective effect on HUVECs damage by inhibiting the product of ACE and increasing the expression of ACE2.The results suggest that calycosin may play an important role in prevention and treatment of vascular disease.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the chemical constituents of Ligularia xanthotricha.METHOD:Silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC were employed for the isolation and purification. The structures were identified on the basis of spectral data (IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT) and chemical evidence.RESULT:Seven compounds were isolated and identified as follows: lupeol (1), lupeol palmitate (2), 3, 28-dihydroxyl-lupeol (3), betulinic acid (4), taraxasterol (5), taraxasteryl palmitat (6) and taraxasteryl acetate(7).CONCLUSION:All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

The intersystem crossing channels of gaseous 4H-pyran-4-thione were investigated using the CASSCF//TD-B3LYP methods and group theory. Using the effective one-electron spin-orbit Hamiltonian, the strengths of spin-orbit coupling were estimated, which plays an essential role in the spin transitions between different spin states. Calculated results show that phosphorescence and non-radiative decay via intersystem crossing to the S-1 state are concurrent processes occurring at the T-2 state. A rapid depletion of the S-0 state via intersystem crossing to the T-2 state can be mediated by the T-2 state, if spin relaxation is fast within the triplet levels. Our calculated results are in close agreement with experimental observations.

The ibex (Capra ibex) is currently listed as a priority protected animal by the Chinese government. Due to the limited availability of ibex oocytes, the objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of using domestic goat (Capra hircus) cytoplasts to reprogram nuclei from ibex donor fibroblasts in interspecies nuclear transfer (iSCNT). An effort was thus made to produce ibex embryos via iSCNT. The trial was performed using three treatment groups. The embryo cleavage rates on day 3 of in vitro culture and the blastocyst development rates on day 7 were recorded. In Treatment A, the female ibex fibroblasts were used as donor cells and of the fused cell-cytoplast couplets, 68% cleaved and 11% reached the blastocyst stage. In Treatment B, domestic adult dairy doe fibroblasts were used as donor cells and as comparison of homologous nuclear transfer (NT). Of fused cell-cytoplast couplets, 76% cleaved and 31% reached the blastocyst stage. In Treatment C, the development of parthenogenetic goat oocytes was used as the control and 90% of the embryos cleaved and 43% reached the blastocyst stage. No significant difference was found between treatment groups A and B in embryo cleavage rate, but a significant difference (P<0.01) was recorded between treatment groups A and B in the blastocyst production rate. There was a significant difference (P<0.01) between Treatment C and Treatment A/B in embryo cleavage rate and blastocyst production rate. The results indicated that although both cleavage rate (68%) and blastocyst yield (11%) of iSCNT embryos derived from female ibex fibroblasts (Treatment A) were lower than those of nuclear transfer embryos (Treatment B) and parthenogenetic development embryos (Treatment C). The domestic goat (C. hircus) cytoplasts supported the mitotic cleavage of ibex karyoplasts and were capable of reprogramming the nucleus to achieve a blastocyst stage embryo in exotic Capra which has the potential of alleviating species on the endangered list.

白茎绢蒿Seriphidium terrae-albae(Krasch)Poljak为菊科(Compositae)绢蒿属(Seriphidium Poljak)植物的全草,主要分布于新疆北部,生长于沙漠及沙漠边缘沙砾质戈壁地区,蒙古及苏联(中亚)也有分布[1].对该植物化学成分的研究未见有报道,因此为了探索白茎绢蒿是否具有潜在的药用价值,并寻找天然的活性成分,我们首次对该植物进行了化学成分的研究,并对其从乙醇提取物中初步分离得到的9个化合物进行了报道[2].

从新疆维吾尔族健康人造血干细胞中提取总RNA,用反转录(reverse transcription,RT)和降落PCR(touchdoWn PCR,TD-PCR)相结合的方法扩增人细菌透性增加蛋白(human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein,hBPI)的cDNA,将其克隆到pEGFP-N1载体上并进行DNA序列测定.结果表明,所克隆的hBPIcDNA全长为1,464个碱基,其序列与GenBank中另外4个序列进行了比对,有两个碱基与其它4个序列不同:其中第576位碱基其它序列为G,该位置碱基是C;第676位碱基其它序列为A,该位置碱基是G.其中第676位碱基的变化导致第185位氨基酸由Lys改变为Glu.

Eight compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of Prenanthes macrophylla Franch.and identified as friedelin,friedelanol,α-amyrin,α-amyrin acetate,β-amyrin acetate,taraxasteryl acetate,β-sitosterol,and octacosanoic acid.Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical evidence and spectral data.These compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

A C12-polyhydroxy derivative of 1,4-diazine isolated from Yunnan flue-cured tobacco was identified as 2-(1′,2′,3′,4′- tetrahydroxybutyl)-6-(2″,3″,4″-trihydroxybutyl)-pyrazine. Its structure was determined by the spectral data and synthetic method. Copyright CJI.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the difference of genetic expression spectra between doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats and normal controls by DNA microarray.To explore the effects of Radix Astragali Gansuensis on gene expression profiles in rats with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.METHODS Thirty Wistar rats were divided randomly into 3 groups,i.e control group2(n=10),doxorubicin group(n=10) and Radix Astragali+doxorubicin group(n=10).cDNA probes were prepared by labeling the mRNA extracted from myocardium and marked with Cy3-dTP and Cy5-dUTP respectively through reverse transcrition.DNA microarray were constructed by spotting PCR products of 4 000 and cDNAs onto specially treated glass slides and were then hybridized against the cDNA probes followed by fluorescent signals scanning.RESULTS Nine hundred and twenty three genes were detected with differential expressions.The expressions of 586 genes were found to be down-regulated and 337 ones up-regulated.Energy metabolism-related genetic expressions were down-regulated in tissues of rats with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy compared with normal tissue.Expressions of apoptosis-related genes were up-regulated in tissues of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.Six up-regulated and 8 down-regulated genes in doxorubicin group were down-regulated and up-regulated in Radix Astragali+ doxorubicin group respectively.Expressions of 3 up-regulated genes in doxorubicin group were further enhanced in Radix Astragali+ doxorubicin group.CONCLUSION Apoptosis,energy metabolism disorder and immunity may participate the pathogenesis changes in rats with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.Radix Astragali Gansuensis can protect the heart in rats with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.Multiple gene expressions are involved to implement this pharmacological effect.