Greenhouse cage trials were conducted to evaluate the biocontrol potential of the predatory tiger fly Coenosia attenuata against the Chinese chive maggot Bradysia odoriphaga infesting Allium tuberosum. To enhance pest suppression, we supplemented the predator with alternative prey (Drosophila melanogaster adults), a banana‑based banker medium, and a coir mulch layer across four treatments over 50 weeks. When C. attenuata was released alone (T1), corrected control efficacy against B. odoriphaga larvae ranged from 56.14% to 59.82%. Notably, peak larval suppression was significantly higher in treatments combining the predator with mulch layer (T2: 94.23%) or with the banker media system (T4: 100%). Against adult stages, T1 achieved 32.68%–69.73% corrected efficacy, whereas T2 and T4 reached peak values of 100% and 97.69%, respectively. Predator application also doubled the dry weight of Chinese chive. However, the concurrent use of banker medium and mulch layer (T3) did not produce synergistic effects. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that banker media system and coir mulch layers are effective auxiliary tools for enhancing C. attenuata‑based biocontrol in protected cultivation systems.

Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a group of redox enzymes that control reactive oxygen species (ROS), traditionally defined as redox regulators. Recent research suggested that members of the Grx family may be involved in more biological processes than previously thought. Therefore, we cloned the AcGrx5 gene and identified its role in A. chinensis diapause. Sequence analysis revealed the ORF of AcGrx5 was 432 bp, encoding 143 amino acids, which was consistent with the homologous sequence of Halyomorpha halys. RT-qPCR results showed that AcGrx5 expression was the highest in the head, and compared with non-diapause conditions, diapause conditions significantly increased the expression of AcGrx5 in the developmental stages. Further, we found that 15 °C low-temperature stress significantly induced AcGrx5 expression, and the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes AcTrx2 and AcTrx-like were significantly increased after AcGrx5 knockdown. Following AcGrx5 silencing, there was a considerable rise in the levels of VC content, CAT activity, and hydrogen peroxide content, indicating that A. chinensis was exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species. These results suggested that the AcGrx5 gene may play a key role in antioxidant defense.

蠋蝽是一种重要的天敌昆虫,可有效控制棉铃虫、草地贪夜蛾、菜粉蝶及小菜蛾等多种害虫.为从经济学角度衡量用改良人工饲料和昆虫猎物饲喂蠋蝽的成本,对饲喂基于蛋白质组学改良人工饲料和柞蚕蛹的蠋蝽生物学参数及繁育成本进行了分析.与饲喂柞蚕蛹的蠋蝽相比,取食基于蛋白质组学改良人工饲料的蠋蝽发育历期延长,产卵量、净繁殖率、内禀增长率均有所降低,但原材料成本降低了约45%,使得取食改良人工饲料的蠋蝽倍增费用仅为取食柞蚕蛹的蠋蝽倍增费用的66.57%,成本大大降低.

为提高蠋蝽对靶标害虫的防效,明确蠋蝽聚集性诱剂的增效作用,文章在设施番茄和甘蓝、大田作物小麦上应用蠋蝽及蠋蝽聚集性诱剂,开展棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾、麦叶蜂的生物防治试验.结果表明,在温室及大田条件下,蠋蝽聚集性诱剂均可提高蠋蝽对害虫的防效,防效提高了5.59%～22.38%;取食人工饲料与取食昆虫猎物的蠋蝽对靶标害虫的防效无显著差异.

The development of artificial diets could considerably simplify and reduce the cost of mass rearing of natural enemies compared to conventional rearing methods. However, improvement of artificial diets can be tedious, convoluted and often uncertain. For accelerating diet development, a better method that can offer informative feedback to target deficiencies in diet improvement is required. Our previous research demonstrated several biological characteristics were diminished in the insect predator, Arma chinensis Fallou, fed on an artificial diet formulated with the aid of transcriptomic methods compared to the Chinese oak silk moth pupae. The present study reports differential proteomic analysis by iTRAQ-PRM, which unravels the molecular mechanism of A. chinensis responding to improvements in the artificial diet. Our study provides multivariate proteomic data and provides comprehensive sequence information in studying A. chinensis. Further, the physiological roles of the differentially expressed proteins and pathways enable us to explain several biological differences between natural prey-fed and improved diet-fed A. chinensis, and subsequent proposed reformulation optimizations to artificial diets.

以有机生菜为试材,采用甲醇∶甲酸∶水=15∶1∶4作为提取剂,经过超声、离心、氮吹,DiKMA ProElut PXA固相萃取柱分离纯化后得到植物激素提取液,在38℃恒温水浴中氮吹浓缩干燥,甲醇作为复溶液进行复溶,得到植物激素待测液.采用ACQU-ITY UPLC BEN反相色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm)对5种植物激素进行分离,流动相A为0.1％甲酸水溶液,流动相B为甲醇溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为0.30 mL·min-1,柱温为40℃;在液相色谱质谱联用多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行定性定量分析,外标法测定植物激素回收率.建立了应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS),同时测定叶菜类蔬菜中赤霉素、生长素、脱落酸、水杨酸、茉莉酸5种植物内源激素含量的方法,并优化了生菜基质中激素的前处理方法、质谱色谱条件等.结果 表明:生菜在低、中、高浓度加标时,5种激素的加标回收率为60.15％～107.73％,且相对标准偏差均小于7.6％,检出限为0.30～0.52 μg·kg-1,定量限为0.68～1.56μg·kg-1.该方法快速灵敏,可适用于其它叶菜类植物中赤霉素、生长素、水杨酸、茉莉酸、脱落酸含量的检测,以期为叶菜类植物叶片中多种内源激素的同时检测提供了一个快速有效的方法.

Mass production of Coenosia attenuata Stein at low cost is very important for their use as a biological control agent. The present study reports the performance of C. attenuata adults when reared on Drosophila melanogaster Meigen or Bradysia impatiens (Johannsem). Different densities (6, 9, 15, 24 and 36 adults per predator) of D. melanogaster or (6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 adults per predator) of B. impatiens were used at 26 ± 1 °C, 14:10 (L:D) and 70 ± 5% RH. The results concluded that C. attenuata adults had higher fecundity, longer longevity and less wing damage when reared on B. impatiens adults compared to D. melanogaster adults. Additionally, C. attenuata adults demonstrated greater difficulty catching and carrying heavier D. melanogaster adults than lighter B. impatiens adults. In this case, 12 to 24 adults of B. impatiens daily per predator were considered optimal prey density in the mass rearing of adult C. attenuata.

The performance of the tiger-fly Coenosia attenuata Stein was examined when fed on larvae of the buzzer midge, Chironomus plumosus (Linnaeus), and combination of buzzer midge and fungus gnat, Bradysia impatiens (Johannsen). Significant differences were observed in the developmental time of larvae, body length, and body weight of pupae and adults of C. attenuata in response to species and preservation status of prey but not in response to instar and prey number of C. plumosus . Most biological characteristics except for developmental time of pupae, length of female pupae, survival rate from the 5th day to pupation, and adult emergence improved for tiger-fly larvae fed on live B. impatiens larvae in the first four days and live C. plumosus larvae from the fifth day to pupation compared to those fed on live C. plumosus larvae in all larval stages. When live alternative prey were replaced with the frozen prey, the developmental time of larvae was prolonged, and adult male body length, survival rate from the fifth day to pupation, and the percentages of pupation and adult emergence decreased. The survival rate of larvae in the first 4 days and percentage of pupation improved with decreased alternative prey instar and increased alternative prey number. These results indicate live C. plumosus larvae can serve as an alternative food source for mass rearing of C. attenuata . As an alternative food source, C. plumosus larvae provide significant advancements for the application of tiger-fly in banker media system and/or open rearing.

A multiresidue method for identification and quantification of 45 veterinary antibiotics (VAs) belonging to 5 different drug classes has been developed, which is the first comprehensive method for pig manure. The proposed method used mixed liquor with methanol: acetonitrile: citrate buffer ratio of 1:1:2 to extract the target VAs from freeze-dried manure. The extracting solution passed through solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure with Oasis HLB cartridges, which could isolate the target VAs and clean the samples in a single step. After blow-drying and concentrating, the samples were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in one single injection with a run time of 12 min. The average recovery rates for most of the VAs were in the range of 50-120% with relative standard deviations below 15%. Linearity was studied in the range between 2 and 1000 mu g/kg using matrix-matched calibration and pure solvent calibration, to evaluate the matrix effects (MEs). The limits of detection (LDs) and quantification (LQs) were in the range of 0.01-1.54 mu g/kg and 0.03-5.13 mu g/kg respectively, except for penicillin G. Finally, the proposed method was used to quantify VA residues in real swine manure from three farms with different scales; tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones and macrolides were the most frequently detected compounds.

An analytical approach was developed to simultaneously determine 13 antibiotics in sulfonamides, quinolones, and macrolides in leafy vegetables by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). After optimizing extracted solutions, purification methods, and eluents of antibiotics in vegetable substrates, and taking into account the influence of environmental changes and experimental conditions on the results, the optimal experimental scheme was determined. This involved ①weighing 500 mg of vegetable samples and adding 20 mL of methanol-Mcllvaine-Na2 EDTA solution; ② conducting ultrasonic and centrifugal extraction three times; ③ Allowing rotary evaporation to 20 mL to pass a HLB solid phase extraction column; ④ Eluting the extraction column using 6 mL of methanol, upon which the eluent was dried almost completely; ⑤ Re-dissolving the eluent with a mixed solution of acetonitrile:water (volume ratio of 2:8); ⑥ Detecting by UPLC-MS/MS after centrifugation and filtering. Phase A and B of UPLC-MS/MS used an aqueous solution of 1‰ formic acid and acetonitrile, respectively to conduct gradient elution. Results showed that when the pakchoi spiked at 300 ng·g-1, the spiked recoveries of 13 antibiotics were 38.05%-96.97%. At 150 ng·g-1, the spiked recoveries were 34.52%-111.10%. At 50 ng·g-1, the recoveries of standard addition were 41.75%-107.13%, and the relative deviation (RSD) values were all below 8.68%. The detection limit was 0.4-1 ng·g-1, and the limit of quantification was 1.5-3 ng·g-1. This demonstrated good extraction and recovery efficiency on different types of leafy vegetables, and presented a good analytical application effect. The antibiotic residues were detected in four kinds of leafy vegetables in found in markets. The total content ranged from 1.59 ng·g-1 to 32.01 ng·g-1, and the antibiotic content in samples was calculated by dry weight. The content of antibiotics in pakchoi was the highest, followed by Chinese cabbage, lettuce, and coriander. Among the antibiotics detected, sulfadimidine was the most abundant from the selected leafy vegetables. The content of antibiotics was very low, however the potential health risks caused by long-term consumption could not be ignored.

To obtain the content level and treatment efficiency of typical antibiotics in wastewater treatment in large-scale dairy farms in Tianjin, the SPE-UPLC-MS/MS (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadruple mass spectrometry combined with solid-phase extraction for pretreatment) technology was utilized to investigate and monitor seven typical antibiotics in wastewater from 12 large-scale dairy farms in Tianjin. Antibiotic residues were detected in 12 large-scale dairy farms before and after wastewater treatment. In the wastewater before treatment, the detection rates of tilmicosin (TIL), oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC), sparfloxacin (SPA), sulfathiazloe (STZ), ofloxacin (OFL), and sarafloxacin hydrochloride (SAR) were all 100%, whereas the detection rate of sulfadiazine (SDZ) was 83.33%. Among them, TIL and OTC were the main antibiotic components in untreated wastewater, the concentrations were 25.21 μg·L-1 and 9.87 μg·L-1, respectively. The detection rates of SDZ and OFL in the treated wastewater dropped to 25.00% and 41.66%, respectively. The main components were TIL and OTC and the concentrations were 11.30 μg·L-1 and 3.71 μg·L-1, respectively. There were significant decreases in the concentrations. The treatment effect on antibiotics from different farms ranged from 24.95% to 81.05%. The comprehensive treatment effect of the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (AAO) treatment process was better than that of the anoxic-oxic (AO) treatment process. OFL, SAR, and OTC were the main high-risk pollutants in treated wastewater. Each large-scale dairy farm contained one or more antibiotic with RQs>1, and their emissions pose an ecological risk to the environment.

结合CDIO教学模式和工作室管理模式,以转变教育观念为先导,以培养学生实践动手能力为主线,对高等农业院校实验教学示范中心的教学内容、教学方法和考核模式等方面全面改革,打破传统实验课程体系,搭建了教学、科研、社会服务一体的实验教学平台,以期实现应用型人才的知识、能力和素质协调发展,理论、实践和创新有机融合.

Arma chinensis is a predaceous insect species that can effectively suppress a wide range of agricultural and forest insect pests in the orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera in Northeast Asia. Adult A. chinensis males produce an aggregation-sex pheromone from dorsal abdominal glands and artificial aggregation-sex pheromone can attract adults of both sexes. The aggregation-sex pheromone consists of (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. Both antennae and proboscises of A. chinensis females and males responded to components from male dorsal abdominal gland extracts. (E)-2-hexenal and benzaldehyde elicited significantly higher EAG responses than those with (E)-2-hexen-1-ol and benzyl alcohol. Benzyl alcohol elicited the weakest EAG responses, although benzyl alcohol was the most abundant of the four major components in male dorsal abdominal gland extracts. A field bioassay using trap catches demonstrated that (E)-2-hexenal and benzyl alcohol were key components of the pheromone for catching conspecific adults. Single pheromone components were the least attractive to A. chinensis in the field.

对捕食性天敌昆虫蠋蝽标记信息素释放规律进行观察研究,结果表明,蠋蝽会释放标记信息素标记它搜索过的区域,并且只有雌虫使用标记信息素,标记信息素的有效性取决于雌虫的发育时期和被搜寻的标记信息素的质量.雌虫标记信息素化学成分尚未确定,但其活性期明显较短.

本课题组尝试对现有的农业院校大型仪器实验教学模式进行改革,把慕课引入大型仪器实验的理论与操作教学当中,有利于提高实验教学质量,培养高素质应用型人才.

The tiger-fly Coenosia attenuata Stein is a predator that is currently thought to be a useful biological control agent for insect pests in greenhouses.It has received attention because of its ability to effectively suppress a wide range of agricultural pests,including fungus gnat,whitefly,leaf miner,winged aphid,and leafhopper.Distribution,biology,morphology,bionomics,behavior,feeding requirements,phylogeographical patterns,existing problems,and future potential for application of C.attenuata were discussed.

The development of immature tiger-fly Coenosia attenuata (Stein) was examined when reared in coir substrate and fed third-instar larvae of the fungus gnat Bradysia impatiens (Johannsen). Single larvae of C. attenuata were fed 3, 5, 7 and 9 prey per day and two larvae were fed 6, 10, 14 and 18 prey per day. Optimal prey density was determined for larval developmental rate, time to adult eclosion, larval survival, and percentage of pupation. Other biological characteristics, such as pupal weight, pupal length, and adult body length, continued to increase with an increase in prey density. The use of coir for a rearing substrate resulted in a more efficient use of prey, less cannibalism, and improved developmental time, and survival than previously reported when agarose gel or a mixture of soil and coir were used for rearing substrates. These improvements in rearing methods are significant advancements for the use of C. attenuata as a biological control agent against whiteflies, leaf miners, fungus gnats and winged-aphids. Additionally, coir substrate serves as a mulch layer when fungus gnats are controlled with C. attenuata, such as Bradysia odoriphaga (Yang et Zhang) in Chinese chive, and B. impatiens in potted ornamental plants.

海水灌溉农业是在滨海滩涂地区或者少数内陆盐碱地上对适宜耐盐植物进行海水、海水+淡水或者地下咸水的灌溉方式.作为现代化农业发展的新领域,发展海水灌溉农业对于缓解我国日益短缺的淡水资源具有重要的意义.本文从发展海水灌溉的意义、海水灌溉农业的研究概况以及海水灌溉农业存在的问题和建议等方面进行了总结,以期对海水灌溉农业的实施提供理论指导.