Relevance. The prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies in children is reported to range from 40% to 81% in various studies. Symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction are more frequently observed in children with distal and deep occlusion, as well as in school-aged children with physiological occlusion. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of TMJ dysfunction symptoms and their association with malocclusion in children aged 7–12 years. Materials and methods. A total of 420 children aged 7–12 years (192 boys and 228 girls) attending schools in Volgograd were examined to assess the presence of malocclusion and TMJ dysfunction symptoms. Results. Signs of TMJ dysfunction were identified in 188 children, representing 44.8% ± 2.4% of the sample. The most common indicators of TMJ dysfunction in prepubertal children were mandibular head dislocation (31.5% ± 2.3%) and deviations in mandibular movement trajectory during maximum mouth opening (19.3% ± 1.9%). The prevalence of TMJ dysfunction was higher among girls. Mandibular head dislocation was the most frequent symptom observed in both boys and girls. Among children with dentoalveolar anomalies, TMJ dysfunction symptoms were present in 51.3% ± 3.1% of cases. Students with malocclusion had a significantly higher prevalence of TMJ dysfunction symptoms (t = 3.57, p < 0.05). Conclusion. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is a common condition among children aged 7–12 years, affecting 44.8% of the study population. It was identified in children with and without malocclusion. The high prevalence of TMJ dysfunction symptoms in younger school-aged children underscores the need for heightened awareness among specialists to detect early signs of TMJ dysfunction, ensuring timely intervention to prevent potential complications.

The results of a study of the frequency, prevalence, structure, and probable risk factors of congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP) in the Volgograd region for 2010–2021 are presented. There were no dynamics of increase or decrease in the birth rate of children with congenital cleft lip and palate. Over the past decade, the birth rate of children with CCHD varied from (1.25 ± 0.35) to (1.72 ± 0.41) per 1000 live births. Risk factors for the formation of CCLP in the form of an infectious disease suffered by the mother in the first trimester of pregnancy and taking drugs have been confirmed.

Relevance: Odontogenic jaw cysts of inflammatory genesis in children are a cavity formation in the bone tissue with a predominantly asymptomatic course. This clinical and radiological picture may be characteristic of a number of different pathologies, which poses the clinician with the task of conducting a thorough differential diagnosis. The purpose of the study: To perform a retrospective analysis of histological examination protocols of surgical material of patients operated on for jaw cysts. Materials and methods: The analysis of protocols of pathohistological examination of surgical material of patients operated on for jaw cysts for the period 20182022 in the childrens dental polyclinic No. 2 of Volgograd was performed. The data obtained were processed by methods of variational statistics. Results: 89 histological examination protocols were studied, the majority were radicular cysts associated with temporary teeth-58 (70.7 %), followed by follicular cysts-16 (19.5 %), then radicular cysts associated with permanent teeth - 7 (8.5 %), and in 1 (1.2 %) case a residual cyst was diagnosed. In 6 (6.7 %) cases, there was a discrepancy between clinical and pathohistological diagnoses. Conclusion: A pathohistological examination of the cyst shell is mandatory to establish a final diagnosis, however, for the differential diagnosis of a radicular cyst from a temporary tooth and a follicular cyst, a correlation of clinical, radiological and pathohistological signs is necessary.

Relevance. Odontogenic cysts in children are the most common bone pathology. The study aimed to conduct a retrospective descriptive analysis of inflammatory odontogenic cysts cases associated with primary teeth in children.Material and methods. The study analysed the medical records of children diagnosed with "radicular cyst associated with a primary tooth" from 2015-2020. We studied the following characteristics, namely, sex, age, location of the process, condition of the teeth in question, surgical treatment techniques and outcome. The data obtained were processed by methods of variational statistics. The Student t-test assessed the significance of differences.Results. The study analysed 60 cases of inflammatory odontogenic cysts in children aged 6 to 13 years. Cysts were more often associated with the primary lower second molars previously treated with the resorcinol-formaldehyde resin therapy. The period from the tooth treatment to the cyst diagnosis was 3 to 5 years. The treatment of cysts applied methods of a gentle and traditional cystotomy. Fifty-one children (85.0%) had follow-up examinations. All children showed bone tissue restoration during the period of 4 to 12 months and spontaneous eruption of permanent teeth in 3-8 months. Only 4 cases (7.8%) required orthodontic correction of permanent teeth position.Conclusion. Primary lower molars, previously treated with resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, are the most common cause of jaw inflammatory odontogenic cysts in children. Low-traumatic surgical methods preserving the follicles of permanent teeth are highly effective (88.2%).

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of surgical treatment of ankyloglossia in children using a diode laser. The patients were divided into three age groups. The immediate and long-term results of treatment were evaluated. The postoperative period was favorable in 98,5 % of cases. After 6-9 months, very good and good treatment results were most common in the first age group (96,4 %). Improvement or normalization of sound pronunciation was noted in 86,7 % of all operated children.

A comparative analysis of the results of treatment of children with ankyloglossia was carried out. Patients are divided into three age groups (3-6 years; 7-9 years; 10-12 years) and two subgroups depending on the method (conventional surgical and diode laser method). The immediate (14 days) and long-term (9 months) results of treatment were evaluated. The study showed the advantage of using a laser in assessing immediate results and the absence of significant differences in assessing long-term results. Regardless of the method of treatment, a higher efficiency of frenuloplasty is determined at preschool age.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the indications and results of surgical treatment of ankyloglossia in children. Patients were divided into three age groups I - 3-6 years old, II - 7-9 years old, III - 10-12 years old. The result of treatment was rated as very good, good, satisfactory, unsatisfactory. It was found that the most frequent indication (86,4 %) for surgery in children was a problem of speech. A very good treatment result was most often found in the first group (76,6 %). 74,4 % of operated children who had undergone tongue training exercise and speech therapy had normalization of sound pronunciation.

The article presents the results of early orthodontic treatment of children with congenital cleft lip and palate with a removable orthodontic appliance in primary dentition.

In this study we compared lateralized parts of dental arches in patients with physiological occlusion and in patients with asymmetry due to unilateral extraction of the first premolars. In the group of patients with asymmetry due to unilateral extraction of the first premolars, the most significant changes in the key parameters with reference to the conventional median sagittal line, were found in the frontal teeth area. The changes in the key parameters of the mandibular dental arch were most pronounced in the area of first and second molars.