Provision of flight safety during hypersonic flight is a challenging scientific and technical problem. Waverider concept is based on matching the wing leading edge of the shock formed off the vehicle forebody. A hypersonic vehicle spends the major part of its cruise flight in high temperature flow. Design and optimization of waverider at hypersonic speeds is a challenging problem because a large number of variants are required to be computed to achieve a larger lift-to-drag ratios. Numerical simulation of the flowfield around a hypersonic waverider is performed using a high-temperature air model and a hybrid architecture based on graphics processing units. The mathematical model and computational algorithm are verified and validated against CFD benchmark problems. The results obtained show flowfield around hypersonic waverider and its aerodynamic quality at different angles of attack. The scalability of the developed model is investigated, and the results of the study of the efficiency of calculating hypersonic fluidflows on graphics processors are presented. The computational times achieved with the perfect and real gas models are compared.

This paper reconstructs, for the first time, the motion dynamics of an eruptive cloud formed during the catastrophic eruption of the Sheveluch volcano in November 1964 (Volcanic Explosivity Index 4+). This became possible due to the public availability of atmospheric reanalysis data from the ERA-40 archive of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the development of numerical modeling of volcanic ash cloud propagation. The simulation of the eruptive cloud motion process, which was carried out using the FALL3D and PUFF models, made it possible to clarify the sequence of events of this eruption (destruction of extrusive domes in the crater and the formation of an eruptive column and pyroclastic flows), which lasted only 1 h 12 min. During the eruption, the ash cloud consisted of two parts: the main eruptive cloud that rose up to 15,000 m above sea level (a.s.l.), and the co-ignimbrite cloud that formed above the moving pyroclastic flows. The ashfall in Ust-Kamchatsk (Kamchatka) first occurred out of the eruptive cloud moving at a higher speed, then out of the co-ignimbrite cloud. In Nikolskoye (Bering Island, Commander Islands), ash fell only out of the co-ignimbrite cloud. Under the turbulent diffusion, the forefront of the main eruptive cloud rose slowly in the atmosphere and reached 16,500 m a.s.l. by 04:07 UTC on November 12. Three days after the eruption began, the eruptive cloud stretched for 3000 km over the territories of the countries of Russia, Canada, the USA, Mexico, and over both the Bering Sea and the Pacific Ocean. It is assumed that the well-known long-term decrease in the solar radiation intensity in the northern latitudes from 1963–1966, which was established according to the world remote sensing data, was associated with the spread of aerosol clouds formed not only by the Agung volcano, but those formed during the 1964 Sheveluch volcano catastrophic eruption.

This paper contains the results of research on the general matrix multiplication routine performance on modern heterogeneous computing systems. In addition to the single-threaded and multi-threaded performance of the routine for matrices of double-precision real and complex numbers on the IBM POWER and Intel Xeon CPUs, the possibility of automatic offload calculation to NVIDIA GPUs, which is supported by certain BLAS library implementations, was studied. Special attention was paid to the impact on the performance of the bandwidth of the interconnects, which ensure CPU-to-GPU interaction. The obtained results show that IBM computing systems with a high-speed NVLink interconnect demonstrate the best performance doing matrix multiplication on GPUs. Accordingly, these systems can be used to accelerate the solution of tasks that utilize this routines without the need to significantly alter the existing software. It should be noted that CPUs of Intel computing system and the Intel MKL library show the best efficiency performing operations with small matrices. Research results can be used to develop approaches to improving the performance of software, which utilize the general matrix multiplication routine.

The acceleration of parallel high-throughput first-principle calculations in the context of 3D (three dimensional) periodic boundary conditions for low-dimensional systems, and particularly 2D materials, is an important issue for new material design. Where the scalability rapidly deflated due to the use of large void unit cells along with a significant number of atoms, which should mimic layered structures in the vacuum space. In this report, we explored the scalability and performance of the Quantum ESPRESSO package in the hybrid central processing unit - graphics processing unit (CPU-GPU) environment. The study carried out in the comparison to CPU-based systems for simulations of 2D magnets where significant improvement of computational speed was achieved based on the IBM ESSL SMP CUDA library. As an example of physics-related results, we have computed and discussed the ionicity-covalency and related ferro- (FM) and antiferro-magnetic (AFM) exchange competitions computed for some CrX3 compounds. Further, it has been demonstrated how this exchange interplay leads to high-order effects for the magnetism of the 1L-RuCl3 compound.

Fast Fourier transform is widely used to solve numerous scientific and engineering problems. In particular, this transform is behind the software dealing with speech and image recognition, signal analysis, modeling of properties of new materials and substances, etc. Newly emerging high-performance hybrid computing systems, as well as systems with alternative architectures, require research on discrete Fourier transform computation efficiency on these new platforms. The results of such research allow assessing the feasibility of certain solutions for building modern computing and data processing centers. This paper presents the results of such research covering modern hybrid computing systems based on the IBM POWER and Intel Xeon processors, as well as on NVIDIA Tesla co-processors. The analysis is carried out, and conclusions are presented on their performance when executing fast Fourier transforms. The impact of the existing architectural aspects of the hardware (CPU simultaneous multithreading mode, GPU data transfer bus, etc.) on the transform performance efficiency is assessed. The obtained results are used to provide recommendations on the optimal operation modes and settings of the considered mathematical libraries.

Relevance. Video surveillance systems are the most important type of instrumental means of observing the state of volcanoes. The high intensity of data collection contributes to the formation of a huge array of images. At the same time climatic peculiarities of the investigated objects location as well as not always stable operation of data transmission channels cause a large number of spoiled or uninformative images. Additional time is spent on viewing them and excluding them from the archive by specialists, which, in general, may affect the speed of decision-making, related to informing the interested parties about the occurrence of natural hazards. In this regard, the task of developing methods and technologies of image analysis and filtering for creating an effective system of video surveillance of volcanoes is relevant. The aim of the research is to develop the algorithms for image analysis of volcanoes. Methods: Canny boundary detector, discrete contours transformation into parametric ones in the form of broken lines, calculation of reference characteristics and comparison of the obtained data with them, analysis of frequency characteristics of the image using Haar transformation, decomposition of the image into a multiscale pyramid, drawing up a vector of characteristic visual features of an object, detection of the object being searched for using an SVM-classifier. Results: algorithms of photo analysis to assess the visibility of volcanoes and search for brightness anomalies. Conclusion. The considered study resulted in developing volcano image analysis algorithms. The methods and approaches used make it possible to effectively solve the problem of assessing the visibility of an object and searching for brightness anomalies. The system capabilities provide a sufficient set of tools to effectively solve the problem of image filtering and searching for brightness anomalies as a possible sign of a volcano's activity. The results obtained can be used in volcano activity monitoring systems to ensure aviation safety and population protection.

The study presents a comparison of computing systems based on IBM POWER8, IBM POWER9, and Intel Xeon Platinum 8160 processors running parallel applications. Memory subsystem bandwidth was studied, parallel programming technologies were compared, and the operating modes and capabilities of simultaneous multithreading technology were analyzed. Performance analysis for the studied computing systems running parallel applications based on the OpenMP and MPI technologies was carried out by using the NAS Parallel Benchmarks. An assessment of the results obtained during experimental calculations led to the conclusion that IBM POWER8 and Intel Xeon Platinum 8160 systems have almost the same maximum memory bandwidth, but require a different number of threads for efficient utilization. The IBM POWER9 system has the highest maximum bandwidth, which can be attributed to the large number of memory channels per socket. Based on the results of numerical experiments, recommendations are given on how the hardware of a similar grade can be utilized to solve various scientific problems, including recommendations on optimal processor architecture choice for leveraging the operation of high-performance hybrid computing platforms.

The ash clouds and plumes produced during explosive volcano eruptions are extremely hazardous for the population and economic activities and, for this reason, their detection and control over their movements are considered an urgent and vital problem. The solution of the problem is primarily linked to the satellite data analysis and modeling volcanic ash cloud movement trajectories. One of the most accepted models widely used in these investigations is the PUFF model and its Puff-UAF software implementation. The experience of applying the model in different regions of the world for more than a decade to investigate volcano explosive eruptions has shown a sufficient correlation established between the forecasted and observed volcanic ash cloud movement trajectories obtained using remote sensing methods. The paper describes the existing approaches and program solutions applied to meteorological dataset preprocessing for numerical simulation of the ash cloud movement and dispersion from explosive volcano eruptions using the Puff-UAF software suite. The detected problems of wgrib2-generated NetCDF file usage for the puff program operation, as well as their solutions, are discussed. The test numerical simulation results derived using different Puff-UAF versions, the original Puff-UAF 2.2.2 and the Puff-UAF with the authors' puff source code modifications are presented. Their comparison with remote sensing data obtained for the Shiveluch volcano eruption is made and the correctness of the puff source code modifications is concluded.

The paper describes the implementation of an efficient user interface for applied software in distributed computing systems. As part of this work, a software platform has been developed for the formation of problem-oriented interfaces for application software packages and components of distributed computing systems. The main purpose of the system is to simplify the input of technical settings, launch specific jobs if required and monitor all intermediate processes. Thus, it provides an intuitive user interface for working directly with an application system, and does not require knowledge of low-level operations. Using web services and modern information technology, the developed platform makes it possible to create a set of simple and convenient interfaces for researchers who use high-performance computer systems in their work. As an example, we describe the adaptation of the FHI98md code for a Grid system.