Objectifs Notre travail visait à dresser le profil des femmes victimes de violence conjugale et celui des agresseurs. Patients et méthodes Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive, durant la période allant d’avril 2021 à janvier 2022, auprès des femmes victimes de violence conjugale qui ont consulté à la salle d’urgence psychiatrique du CHU Hédi Chaker de Sfax (Tunisie) dans le cadre d’une expertise médicale suite à la violence conjugale. Résultats Nous avons inclus 122 femmes dont l’âge moyen était de 35,66 ans. La majorité des femmes avaient un niveau d’instruction secondaire (44,3 %) ou universitaire (31,1 %). Elles souffraient d’une maladie psychiatrique dans 25,4 % des cas, et 4,9 % avaient des antécédents de tentative de suicide. L’âge moyen des agresseurs était de 41,68 ans. La consommation d’alcool concernait 54,1 % d’entre eux. Une consommation de cannabis a été trouvée chez 20,5 % des conjoints. Une consommation de cocaïne a été notée chez 0,8 %, et de même pour l’ecstasy. Des antécédents judiciaires chez 28,7 % d’entre eux. La majorité des enfants des femmes enquêtées, soit 89,4 % (n=93) ont assisté à la violence, dont 39,4 % (n=41) étaient battus avec leurs mamans. Conclusion Il n’existe pas de profil type de femme pouvant être victime de violence conjugale, ni de portrait type des personnes pouvant avoir des comportements violents envers leur partenaire, notamment en raison de la grande diversité du phénomène de la violence conjugale et des facteurs qui y sont sous-jacents.

BackgroundThe human gut mycobiome, a minor but integral component of the gut microbiome, has emerged as a significant player in host homeostasis and disease development. While bacteria have traditionally been the focus of gut microbiome studies, recent evidence suggests that fungal communities (mycobiota) may also play a crucial role in modulating health, particularly in neuropsychiatric disorders.ObjectiveThis review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the relationship between the gut mycobiome and neuropsychiatric disorders, exploring the potential of targeting fungal communities as a novel therapeutic strategy.MethodsWe summarized recent findings from metagenomic analyses that characterize the diversity and composition of gut mycobiota and discuss how these communities interact with the host and other microorganisms via the gut-brain axis. Key methodologies for studying mycobiota, such as high-throughout sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, were also reviewed to highlight advances in the field.ResultsEmerging research links gut mycobiota dysbiosis to conditions such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, and depression. Studies indicate that specific fungal populations, such as Candida and Saccharomyces, may influence neuroinflammation, gut permeability and immune responses, thereby affecting mental health outcomes.ConclusionUnderstanding the gut mycobiome’s role in neuropsychiatric disorders opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions, including antifungal treatments, probiotics, and dietary modifications. Future research should integrate multi-omics approaches to unravel the complex interkingdom interactions within the gut ecosystem, paving the way for personalized medicine in mental health care.

Objectives. - Our study aimed to assess anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder in post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and identify associated factors. Patients and methods. - Our study is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study carried out during the period from March 1 to May 15th 2021 on patients who were hospitalized and discharged from the COVID-19 unit in the pneumology department at the Hedi Chaker hospital in Sfax (Tunisia). Patients who met all of the following criteria were included: aged 18 and over; having a diagnosis of COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or by CT scan; monitored at the COVID-19 unit and who their clinical conditions did not require intensive care; survivors after 3 months of discharge; and having given their informed and informal consent to participate in the study. Results. - Our study included 154 patients. The prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder was 24.7%, 11% and 13.6% respectively. We found an association between depression and female gender (P = 0.025), gastrointestinal involvement (P = 0.002) and stigma (P = 0.002). We found an association between anxiety and grade level (P = 0.034), and between anxiety and asthenia (P = 0.032). Conclusions. - Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder were independent of the majority of disease characteristics including the severity of COVID-19. (c) 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Background and aims : Eating disorders (EDs) are a major public health problem, due to their serious psychological, somatic, and social consequences. Previous studies have extensively documented the role of childhood maltreatment (CM) in the development of EDs. Some authors suggest that emotion dysregulation plays a mediating role in this relationship. This study aimed to examine the association between CM and EDs in the Tunisian population, by considering emotion dysregulation as a mediator. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical, and mediational study among members of Facebook groups using an online questionnaire from February 17, 2023, to May 26, 2023. The Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) was used to assess the risk of developing EDs. Emotion dysregulation and CM were assessed via the "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale" (DERS) and the “Childhood Trauma Questionnaire” (CTQ), respectively. Results: According to our bivariate analysis, EDs were associated with younger age (p<0,001), female gender (p<0,001), unmarried status (p=0,001), low socioeconomic status (p=0,002), high education level (p<0.001), psychiatric history (p<0,001), physical activity (p=0,038), greater difficulty in emotion regulation (p<0,001) and higher levels of CM (p<0,001). According to the multivariate analysis, female gender (p= 0,006), psychiatric history (p<0,001), and greater emotion dysregulation (p= 0.001) were significantly associated with a greater risk of EDs. Mediation analysis revealed that emotion dysregulation fully mediated the relationship between CM and EDs among the general Tunisian population. Conclusion: Our findings align with previous research findings suggesting a relationship between CM and EDs and confirming the role of emotion dysregulation as a mediator. This underlines the importance of preventing and early detecting CM, particularly in schools. Moreover, in the context of treating EDs, emotion regulation appears to be an important psychotherapeutic target.

The interplay between human microbiota and various physiological systems has garnered significant attention in recent years. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining physiological homeostasis and influences various aspects of human health, particularly via the gut brain axis. Since 2017, the challenging concept of the gut-retina axis has emerged thanks to a network analysis emphasizing the potential role of the gut microbiota disruption in the development of the age-related macular degeneration and further retinal damages. Many other ocular disorders have been linked to the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, including uveitis and glaucoma. It has been shown that age related macular degeneration can be prevented or reversed using a diet that induces changes in the gut microbiota. The potential link between the gut microbiota as well as others types of microbiota such as the ocular surface microbiota and the development/progression of age related as well as inherited retinal degenerations and other degenerative eye diseases, has recently been broadened. Therefore, the pathogenesis of several eye diseases has recently been associated with a larger perception called the gut eye axis. This mini-review examines the potential mechanisms underlying the gut eye axis and suggests implications for the management of eye diseases. By understanding the modulation of the gut microbiota and its impact on eye disease, this mini-review provides insight into potential therapeutic interventions and avenues for future research.

We aimed to determine the incidence of tardive sleep disturbances among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection, and to analyze their predictive factors. It was a prospective cohort study, conducted in the department of respiratory diseases and Allergy, at Hedi Chaker University Hospital (Sfax-Tunisia). It included inpatients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, who were discharged alive from hospital. The study protocol included 2 steps. First, patients were evaluated during their hospitalization. Then, each eligible patient was assessed 6–9 months after discharge. We thus asked them about fatigability, cognitive impairment and the following scales: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep disturbances; the visual analog scale (VAS) to assess pain; the modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC scale) to evaluate dyspnea; the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess depressive symptoms and the Euroqol 5 Dimensions 3 Levels Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) to assess the quality of life. The median age of the participants was 59 years [IQR (53–68)]. Among them, 51.2

Background Gayet–Wernicke's encephalopathy (GWE) is a life-threatening neurological emergency caused by vitamin B1 deficiency. This is a rare complication, which may be reversible if managed promptly. However, any diagnostic or therapeutic delay exposes to the risk of serious sequelae. Although this pathology frequently occurs in chronic alcohol users, it can also occur in any situation of severe undernutrition. In this context, we report a case of GWE occurring after severe undernutrition complicating prolonged catatonia in a patient suffering from schizophrenia. Case presentation He was a 47-year-old patient, suffering from esophageal stenosis, and followed in psychiatry for schizophrenia, who was hospitalized for a catatonic relapse. He was put on benzodiazepine with parenteral rehydration. Faced with the persistence of food refusal, and the appearance of signs of undernutrition, a parenteral diet was introduced. The evolution was marked by the deterioration of his general and neurological condition, with the appearance of mental confusion. The examination showed a central vestibular syndrome, and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a hyperintense signaling in the periaqueductal area, in mammillary bodies, and in medial thalamic nuclei on T2-FLAIR sequences. GWE was suspected and parental vitamin B1 therapy was initiated. Laboratory testing confirmed the diagnosis, showing a low thiamine blood level of 32 nmol/l [normal range: 78 to 185 nmol/l]. Regression of neurological symptoms was observed within 2 weeks of treatment. Conclusion Through this illustration, we draw the attention of the psychiatrist, who must think about preventing this complication, by supplementing any patient at risk of developing GWE with vitamin B1.

Objectifs. – Notre travail a visé à évaluer l'anxiété, la dépression et le trouble de stress post-traumatique post maladie à coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) et à identifier les facteurs associés. Patients et méthodes. – Nous avons mené une étude transversale durant la période allant du 1er mars 2021 au 15 mai 2021 à l'unité Covid-19 du service de pneumologie à l'hôpital Hédi Chaker Sfax (Tunisie). L'évaluation psychométrique a été réalisée à l'aide des échelles « Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale », « Impact of Event Scale-Revised » et « Self-Reported Instrument Measuring Covid-19 Related Stigma ». Résultats. – Notre étude a inclus 154 patients. La prévalence de l'anxiété, la dépression et le trouble de stress post traumatique étaient de 24,7 %, 11 % et 13,6 % respectivement. Nous avons constaté une association entre la dépression et le sexe féminin (p = 0,025), l'atteinte gastro-intestinale (p = 0,002) et la stigmatisation (p = 0,002). Nous avons trouvé une association entre l'anxiété et le niveau scolaire (p = 0,034), ainsi qu'entre l'anxiété et l'asthénie (p= 0,032). Conclusions. – L'anxiété, la dépression et le trouble stress post-traumatique étaient indépendants de la majorité des caractéristiques de la maladie, notamment la sévérité de la Covid-19. Objectives. – Our study aimed to assess anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder in post coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and identify associated factors. Patients and methods. – Our study is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study carried out during the period from March 1 to May 15th 2021 on patients who were hospitalized and discharged from the Covid-19 unit in the pneumology department at the Hedi Chaker hospital in Sfax (Tunisia). Patients who met all of the following criteria were included: aged 18 and over; having a diagnosis of Covid-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or by CT scan; monitored at the Covid-19 unit and who their clinical conditions did not require intensive care; survivors after 3 months of leaving the service; and having given their informed and informal consent to participate in the study. Results. – Our study included 154 patients. The prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder was 24.7%, 11% and 13.6% respectively. We found an association between depression and female gender (p= 0.025), gastrointestinal involvement (p= 0.002) and stigma (p= 0.002). We found an association between anxiety and grade level (p= 0.034), and between anxiety and asthenia (p= 0.032). Conclusions. – Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder were independent of the majority of disease characteristics including the severity of Covid-19.

Introduction. - Pregnancy is an important stage in women's life. Different changes may occur during this period and can effect many fields especially sexuality. Objective.-The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of pregnancy on the sexuality of the pregnant women. Methods. -A descriptive study was performed on 100 pregnant and healthy women. Demographic data and the concerns of women about sexuality were investigated by a questionnaire. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire was used to evaluate sexual dysfunction. Results. -The mean age of participant women was 29.4 +/- 5.6 years. The mean total score of FSFI was 23.1 +/- 5.8. Seventy percent of women were at risk of sexual dysfunction, which was noted in all of the three trimesters. An alteration of sexuality during pregnancy was observed with less sexual intercourses, less desire and less arousal. Wrong ideas and even myths were an important role in this alteration. Social factors and the gynecological history were significantly associated with sexual dysfunction and marital harmony was an important element related with sexual satisfaction. Conclusion. - The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 70% in our study. Many factors like wrong ideas, social factors, marital harmony and the gynecological history were associated with the sexual dysfunction observed in Tunisian pregnant women. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Introduction. - Pregnancy is an important period of the life of women. It contains many changes, which can affect sexuality, mood disorder and even quality of life. These factors may interfere and affect the well being of pregnant women. Objectif. - The purpose of this study is to research the links between sexual function with depression and quality of life of pregnant women. Methods. - This is a descriptive study which concerns 100 pregnant women. A questionnaire was used to investigate demographic data. Sexual function was evaluated by Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The depression was investigated by Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and physical and mental health were evaluated by Short-Form Health Survey SF 12. Results. - The mean score of FSFI was 23.1 +/- 5.8. Seventy percent of the participants had sexual dysfunction. The mean score of Edinburg Post natal Depression Scale (EPDS) was 8.7 +/- 5.4. We noted depressive symptoms in 28 % of the sample. Sixty-one percent of women had the mean score of physical health (PCS) at 50 +/- 10 and 65 % had the mean score of mental health (MCS) at 50 +/- 10. The items of pain and satisfaction of FSFI were statistically associated with depression. Besides, satisfaction was related to mental health of pregnant women. Conclusion. - Many links were found between depression and quality of life with sexual function of pregnant women. This can be due to changes observed during pregnancy. Other researches can be useful to understand more these relations. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.