LebensmittelchemieVolume 78, Issue S1 p. S1-129-S1-129 Abstract Biobasierte Zink-Supplemente: Vom Screening zur ortsaufgelösten Lokalisierung und chemischen Speziation von Zink in fermentativ angereicherten Industriehefen M. Maares, M. Maares Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie, FG Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, GustavMeyer-Allee 25, D-13355 BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorM. A. Subirana, M. A. Subirana CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de PhysicoChimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, FR-64000 PauSearch for more papers by this authorIris H. Valido, Iris H. Valido CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de PhysicoChimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, FR-64000 Pau GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES-08193 BellaterraSearch for more papers by this authorE. Gontier, E. Gontier University Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UAR 3420 US 4, Bordeaux, FR-33000Search for more papers by this authorG. Grimmer, G. Grimmer Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie, FG Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, GustavMeyer-Allee 25, D-13355 Berlin VLB Berlin, Bioprozesstechnik und Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Seestraße 13, D-13353 BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorS. Köhler, S. Köhler VLB Berlin, Bioprozesstechnik und Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Seestraße 13, D-13353 BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorM. Ludszuweit, M. Ludszuweit VLB Berlin, Bioprozesstechnik und Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Seestraße 13, D-13353 BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorM. Senz, M. Senz VLB Berlin, Bioprozesstechnik und Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Seestraße 13, D-13353 BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorH. Haase, H. Haase Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie, FG Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, GustavMeyer-Allee 25, D-13355 BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorD. Schaumlöffel, D. Schaumlöffel CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de PhysicoChimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, FR-64000 PauSearch for more papers by this authorC. Keil, C. Keil Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie, FG Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, GustavMeyer-Allee 25, D-13355 BerlinSearch for more papers by this author M. Maares, M. Maares Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie, FG Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, GustavMeyer-Allee 25, D-13355 BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorM. A. Subirana, M. A. Subirana CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de PhysicoChimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, FR-64000 PauSearch for more papers by this authorIris H. Valido, Iris H. Valido CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de PhysicoChimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, FR-64000 Pau GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES-08193 BellaterraSearch for more papers by this authorE. Gontier, E. Gontier University Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UAR 3420 US 4, Bordeaux, FR-33000Search for more papers by this authorG. Grimmer, G. Grimmer Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie, FG Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, GustavMeyer-Allee 25, D-13355 Berlin VLB Berlin, Bioprozesstechnik und Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Seestraße 13, D-13353 BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorS. Köhler, S. Köhler VLB Berlin, Bioprozesstechnik und Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Seestraße 13, D-13353 BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorM. Ludszuweit, M. Ludszuweit VLB Berlin, Bioprozesstechnik und Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Seestraße 13, D-13353 BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorM. Senz, M. Senz VLB Berlin, Bioprozesstechnik und Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Seestraße 13, D-13353 BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorH. Haase, H. Haase Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie, FG Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, GustavMeyer-Allee 25, D-13355 BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorD. Schaumlöffel, D. Schaumlöffel CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de PhysicoChimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, FR-64000 PauSearch for more papers by this authorC. Keil, C. Keil Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Lebensmittelchemie, FG Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, GustavMeyer-Allee 25, D-13355 BerlinSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 2024 https://doi.org/10.1002/lemi.202452099AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Referenzen 1Brown K. H., et al. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2004 25 (1 Suppl 2), 99-203. Google Scholar 2Maares M., Keil C., Pallasdies L., Schmacht M., Senz M., Nissen J., Kieserling H., Drusch S., Haase H., J Trace Elem Med Biol., 71, 126934, (2022). 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126934 PubMedGoogle Scholar 3 European Parliament and of the Council. Directive 2002/46/EC, https://eurlex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32002L0046, 2002. Google Scholar Volume78, IssueS1Supplement: Abstracts der Vorträge der Regionalverbände und die der Posterflashtalks der AG JLCMarch/April 2024Pages S1-129-S1-129 ReferencesRelatedInformation

The increased environmental presence of micro-/nanoplastics (MNPLs) and the potential health risks associated with their exposure classify them as environmental pollutants with special environmental and health concerns. Consequently, there is an urgent need to investigate the potential risks associated with secondary MNPLs. In this context, using "true-to-life" MNPLs, resulting from the laboratory degradation of plastic goods, may be a sound approach. These non-commercial secondary MNPLs must be labeled to track their presence/journeys inside cells or organisms. Because the cell internalization of MNPLs is commonly analyzed using fluorescence techniques, the use of fluorescent dyes maybe a sound method to label them. Five different compounds comprising two chemical dyes (Nile Red and Rhodamine-B), one optical brightener (Opticol), and two industrial dyes (Amarillo Luminoso and iDye PolyPink) were tested to determine their potential for such applications. Using commercial standards of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPLs) with an average size of 170 nm, different characteristics of the selected dyes such as the absence of impact on cell viability, specificity for plastic staining, no leaching, and lack of interference with other fluorochromes were analyzed. Based on the overall data obtained in the wide battery of assays performed, iDye PolyPink exhibited the most advantages, with respect to the other compounds, and was selected to effectively label "true-to-life" MNPLs. These advantages were confirmed using a proposed protocol, and labeling titanium-doped PETNPLs (obtained from the degradation of milk PET plastic bottles), as an example of "true-to-life" secondary NPLs. These results confirmed the usefulness of iDye PolyPink for labeling MNPLs and detecting cell internalization.

Fine-scale visualization and quantification of the distribution of organic matter within shaly petroleum source rocks like oil shales, offers valuable insights into their suitability for energy applications, such as unconventional energy sources. Although methods exist for imaging organic matter content in organic-rich shales, such as X-ray microtomography and acoustic wave imaging, there is currently no non-ionizing, contactless, non-destructive method capable of imaging samples of several square centimetres and sensitive to nano-micrometre organic matter content. This possibility would provide new and complementary information to obtain a better characterization of the reservoir. Thus, to address this gap, we propose a novel method that uses measurements of electromagnetic waves within the Terahertz (THz) band, acquired through a Terahertz time-domain spectrometer operating in transmission mode. It uses information about the dielectric permittivity anisotropy of the material to estimate, for the first time, the average total organic carbon (TOC) per pixel across the thickness of the rock. We therefore present, first THz TOC images of organic-rich shale samples, specifically from the Vaca Muerta Formation (Neuquen Basin, Argentina). The images show a TOC pixel variation ranging from 3 to 6% with a relative pixel error of less than 6%, i.e. for a TOC value of 4%, the absolute error would be +/- 0.24%. The method have been validated with combined results obtained by Rock-Eval (R) analysis, Raman and infrared spectroscopy and X-ray microtomography. The reliability of this approach lies primarily in the consideration that the main source of dielectric permittivity anisotropy must be caused by the varying organic matter content of the different rock strata.

Plastics with nanosize (nanoplastics, NPLs) must be characterized, since they can be toxic or act as carriers of organic and inorganic pollutants, but there is a lack of reference materials and validated methods in the nanosize range. Therefore, this study has focused on the development and validation of a separation and size characterization methodology of polystyrene latex nanospheres, by using an asymmetric-flow field flow fraction system coupled to multi-angle light scattering and ultraviolet–visible detectors (AF4-MALS-UV). Hence, this work presents a fully validated methodology in the particle size range 30 to 490 nm, with bias between 95 and 109

Objectives: To compare the side effects of typical whitening treatments (by means of oxidation) compared to the new treatment developed by the authors through reduction. The aim is to provide information about the chemical interactions of the encapsulated reductant agent (metabisulfite, MBS) with the enamel structure compared with carbamide peroxide (CP) and to study their penetration in the hydroxyapatite (HAP) and the changes produced in the mineral and its hardness. Methods: Chemical imaging is performed by synchrotron-based micro Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (SR-mu FTIR). Continuous Stiffness Measurements (CSM) were used to determine the depth reached by the treatments in order to delimitate the area of study. Results: The SR-mu FTIR studies showed that MBS treatments softened the first 10 mu m of enamel, as happens in the initial stages of tooth decay. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the main differences between treatments were found in the intensity of the nu 3 PO43-peak related to tooth demineralization. CP and MBS promoted different changes in the HAP mineral, observed as opposite shifts of the peak: CP shortened the P-O bond while MBS seemed to elongate it. Moreover, MBS promoted the loss of carbonates while CP did not, which is probably related to the solution's pH. When comparing MBS and MBS Liposomes, it was observed how liposomes favoured the diffusion of MBS to inner layers, since the effects of MBS were observed in deeper enamel. Thus, the encapsulated MBS whitening effect is highly improved in terms of time when compared to MBS alone or CP. Significance: The obtained results indicated that using oxidizing (CP) or reducing (MBS) treatments, promote different HAP mineral changes, and that liposomes favour the diffusion of MBS into the enamel. It is the first time that synchrotron light is used to map the bovine incisor's enamel chemically, and to determine the effect of a whitening treatment in terms of chemical HAP modifications, and the extent in deep of these effects.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Academy of Dental Materials.CC_BY_NC_ND_4.0

Nephrolithiasis is a multifactor disease that produces nephrolites in the kidneys. Calcium oxalate hydrate (dihydrated, COD, or monohydrated, COM) stones are the most common ones with more than sixty percent incidence worldwide. They are related to different pathologies, COD with hypercalciuria and COM with hyperoxaluria. COD is an unstable species and transforms into COM (herein named TRA to distinguish the origin of the monohydrated species). TRA and COM are chemically and crystallographically identical leading to misdiagnosis and recurrence increase. In the current study, the composition and crystalline structures of several calcium oxalate stones, classified by morpho-constitutional analysis, were examined by IR and synchrotron through-the-substrate micro-X-ray diffraction (tts-μXRD). Both IR and linear diffractogram studies were able to distinguish between the monohydrated and dihydrated phases but not between COM and TRA, as expected. The analysis of 2D diffraction patterns revealed that TRA showed a lower degree of crystallinity and less texture with respect to COM which can be used as a signature to distinguish between the two. This study confirms that despite the subtle differences between COM and TRA, the origin of the monohydrate oxalates can be unraveled using tts-μXRD. This valuable information should be taken into account in order to improve patients' diagnosis and reduce recurrence by considering and treating the origin of the formed stones.

Fruits are widely recognized as sources of biologically active metabolites, such as antioxidant compounds. In this context, fruits commonly consumed in the central Amazonia, especially in its biggest metropolis (Manaus - AM/Brazil), are attractive as potential sources of antioxidant compounds related to biological activities. Most of such fruits are still poorly studied and/or remain unknown outside the Amazon region. Therefore, this study aims to investigate nine fruits (abiu, cubiu, biriba, breadfruit, genipap, peach palm, murici, soursop, and umari) regarding their chemical composition (fixed and volatile), reducing capacity, antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxicity. Determination of small organic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols and flavonoid aglycones was done by HPLC-MS/MS, whereas determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was done by HS-SPME/GC-MS. Reducing capacity was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and anti-oxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and H-ORAC(FL) assays. In vitro activities regarding inhibition of enzymes were tested for alpha-glucosidase, lipase, and alpha-amylase, and anti-glycation activities were evaluated for methylglyoxal and fructose. Cytotoxicity of fruit extracts was evaluated by cell viability of human fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). A total of 16 antioxidant compounds and 139 VOCs were determined, whose profiles were unique for each studied fruit. Total phenolic contents as well as antioxidant activities found herein were similar or even higher than those reported for several traditional fruits. Some of fruit extracts were able to inhibit alpha-glucosidase and glycation in methylglyoxal and fructose models, whereas none of them was active for lipase and alpha-amylase. All of the fruit extracts showed to be non-cytotoxic to MRC-5 cell line.

Calcium oxalate can be found in humans as kidney stones and in cultural heritage as films in two crystallographic species, dihydrate (COD/weddellite) and/or monohydrate (COM/whewellite). Due to its instability, COD is transformed into COM. Studying this crystalline conversion provides information about the origin of the monohydrated species, which will help in the assessment of prevention measurements to avoid their formation. In the present study, the synthesis of calcium oxalate hydrate microcrystals has been carefully performed to avoid mixture of phases in the final products; the long and short range order structure of both species have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), respectively. This structural information was considered in the density functional theory (DFT) computational study performed to assign the characteristic vibrational IR and Raman frequencies found. This detailed characterization allows an unambiguous assignment of the vibrations, thus providing the appropriate parameters required to monitor and characterize the transformation process.

Kidney stones are collections of microcrystals formed inside the kidneys, which affect 6% to 12% of the population worldwide, with an increasing recurrence (50%‐72%) after the first episode. The most abundant type is calcium oxalate (66%), described as monohydrated (COM) and dihydrated (COD). An issue in their chemistry is the transformation process of the metastable specie (COD) into the stable one, which is chemically, and in appearance, monohydrated. Since the origin of these species is different, it is important to differentiate between the transformation stage (and what stabilize COD) to understand the physiopathology and prevent the patients' recurrence. This work focuses on the organic matter distribution along these nephroliths by synchrotron radiation‐based infrared microspectroscopy. Differences in the asymmetric stretching of the aliphatic hydrocarbons suggest that lipids may participate in the stabilization of COD and as inhibitors of COM formation/development; however, the presence of proteins in the nucleus could indicate a promoting role.

Kidney stones are collections of microcrystals formed inside the kidneys, which affect 6% to 12% of the population worldwide, with an increasing recurrence (50%-72%) after the first episode. The most abundant type is calcium oxalate (66%), described as monohydrated (COM) and dihydrated (COD). An issue in their chemistry is the transformation process of the metastable specie (COD) into the stable one, which is chemically, and in appearance, monohydrated. Since the origin of these species is different, it is important to differentiate between the transformation stage (and what stabilize COD) to understand the physiopathology and prevent the patients' recurrence. This work focuses on the organic matter distribution along these nephroliths by synchrotron radiation-based infrared microspectroscopy. Differences in the asymmetric stretching of the aliphatic hydrocarbons suggest that lipids may participate in the stabilization of COD and as inhibitors of COM formation/development; however, the presence of proteins in the nucleus could indicate a promoting role.

Dust is a mixture of natural and anthropogenic particles originated from multiple sources, which can represent an hazard for human health. Playgrounds are a site of particularly concern, due to sand dust ingestion by toddlers and inhalation. In this study, 37 sands used in public playgrounds in the city of Barcelona were physico-chemically characterized also in relation to routine maintenance activities such as disinfection and sand renewal. The analyzed sands show a felsic mineralogy dominated by Na-feldspar, quartz, and, to a lesser extent, K-feldspar, with minor amounts of clay minerals, carbonates and hematite. Particle fractions below 10, 2.5 and 1 μm represent, on average, 0.65%, 0.17% and 0.07% of bulk volume, respectively, although, due to the human grinding, these initial fractions increased every year by a 18%, 5% and 2% respectively. Disinfection of sands effectively reduced only the NH4+ concentration, among inorganic species. The average metal content was anthropogenically enriched, with respect to the upper continental crust, only for Sb and As. Both elements show high spatial variation indicating local sources such as road traffic for Sb (contributing mostly to the total concentration), and industry for As (also contributing with highly bioaccessible Sb, Cu and Zn). A clear inverse relationship between total concentrations of some elements and their leachable (Sb) and bioaccessible (Sb and Cr) fractions is observed. The most bioaccessible elements were Ca > Ni > Cu > Sr > Cd > Pb, all above the 25% of the total concentration. Bioaccessibility was higher for the carbonate-bearing particles and for the anthropic emitted metals (>50% of Ba, Cu, K, Pb and Zn).

48 Dust is a mixture of natural and anthropogenic particles originated from multiple sources, which can 49 represent an hazard for human health. Playgrounds are a site of particularly concern, due to sand dust 50 ingestion by toddlers and inhalation. In this study, 37 sands used in public playgrounds in the city of 51 Barcelona were physico-chemically characterized also in relation to routine maintenance activities such as 52 disinfection and sand renewal. The analyzed sands show a felsic mineralogy dominated by Na-feldspar, 53 quartz, and, to a lesser extent, K-feldspar, with minor amounts of clay minerals, carbonates and hematite. 54 Particle fractions below 10, 2.5 and 1 μm represent, on average, 0.65%, 0.17% and 0.07% of bulk volume, 55 respectively, although, due to the human grinding, these initial fractions increased every year by a 18%, 5% 56 and 2% respectively. Disinfection of sands effectively reduced only the NH4 concentration, among 57 inorganic species. The average metal content was anthropogenically enriched, with respect to the upper 58 continental crust, only for Sb and As. Both elements show high spatial variation indicating local sources such 59 as road traffic for Sb (contributing mostly to the total concentration), and industry for As (also contributing 60 with highly bioaccessible Sb, Cu and Zn). A clear inverse relationship between total concentrations of some 61 elements and their leachable (Sb) and bioaccessible (Sb and Cr) fractions is observed. The most 62 bioaccessible elements were Ca>Ni>Cu>Sr>Cd>Pb, all above the 25% of the total concentration. 63 Bioaccessibility was higher for the carbonate-bearing particles and for the anthropic emitted metals (>50% of 64 Ba, Cu, K, Pb and Zn). 65 66