This study provides a comprehensive examination of the mechanisms through which rural cultural landscape identity and active community participation contribute to sustainable cultural transmission. By viewing these dynamics through the lens of geosite tourism, the research examines three distinct traditional villages in Central Shandong, China. To ensure a holistic analysis, the study adopted a rigorous mixed-methods design. This methodological approach integrated quantitative data obtained from a survey of local residents (n=286) with qualitative depth derived from semi-structured interviews (n=20). Advanced data analysis using Structural Equation Modelling (ADANCO) was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. The empirical results indicate that a strong sense of landscape identity significantly strengthens community participation. Furthermore, this participation, when integrated with geosite tourism development activities, acts as a crucial mediator that indirectly supports the long-term transmission of cultural heritage. A key finding of the research is the role of policy support; the study demonstrates that government backing amplifies this positive pathway, acting as a vital moderating variable. These findings offer important implications for heritage management. They suggest that geosite-based tourism is a viable strategy for sustaining living heritage, provided that it is implemented correctly. Specifically, the model shows that sustainable outcomes are most likely achieved when community roles are clearly defined and when explicit governance support is present to guide the development process.

This study examines the environmental implications of landscape design decisions in Malaysian healthcare settings, with a focus on carbon storage loss resulting from the removal of mature trees. A quantitative analysis involving tree inventories, carbon estimations, and site documentation identified a carbon loss of approximately 1.8 tonnes of CO2 due to the replacement of green walls and ornamental shrubs. The findings reveal inconsistent, aesthetics-driven practices that neglect long-term ecological functions. This study highlights the urgent need for standardised landscape guidelines that integrate carbon accounting and mature tree preservation, thereby contributing to sustainable hospital development and national environmental resilience goals.

This paper examines Zhujiayu Village in China, focusing on its distinctive natural environment, traditional architecture, and intangible cultural heritage. By integrating digital preservation with sustainable development, the study aims to safeguard and perpetuate the unique cultural landscape of Zhujiayu Village. At the core of this study is the application of digital technology in the conservation of cultural landscapes by employing technologies such as 3D scanning, geographic information systems (GIS), and virtual reality (VR) to create a comprehensive digital archive of the village's traditional architecture, cultural landscapes, and intangible heritage. Through the creation of digital archives, a detailed record will be provided for the restoration projects of future buildings while raising public awareness of the protection of buildings and intangible cultural heritage. Through the construction of digital scenes, virtual tourism is promoted so that more people can understand the culture of Zhujiayu Village and reduce the wear and tear of intangible cultural heritage. The study also explores the challenges and opportunities of digital protection technologies, highlighting the need for collaborative efforts between government agencies, local communities, and tourism management organisations. In conclusion, the Zhujiayu Village Cultural Landscape digital conservation study model not only provides a pioneering approach to heritage conservation but also provides valuable insights and a framework that can be adapted and applied to other similar rural cultural heritage conservation in China, marking an important step towards the sustainable development of heritage conservation.

Urban environments have a significant impact on the well-being and development of young people. This paper examines the qualities of comfort and convenience that meet the needs of youth groups on urban commercial streets in Malaysia. Surveying a hundred youths unveils vital factors shaping their street experiences: freedom from pollution and noise and protection from the elements are crucial. Additionally, greenery and seating along pedestrian routes are essential for their comfort. These findings underscore the significance of designing streets that cater to youth, promoting their well-being and sense of belonging in the Malaysian context.

Landscape is an essential national resource which includes outstanding natural and cultural heritage. Landscape character assessment can make a valuable contribution to the formation of planning policies, to the allocation of land for development and development of control activities. Efforts in landscape development, preservation and conservation existed in this country indirectly through the introduction of various acts, policies and guidelines. Legislation on development protection and the direction is to provide landscape character assessment at national, regional and local levels through thorough and systematic ways in contributing to national development and an alternative to the protection, planning and landscape management. Keywords: Landscape character acts, policies and guidelines; Landscape character assessment. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI:

Rivers were places where civilizations arose and aided the foundations of their economic fortunes. However, most urban rivers have today been abused and undervalued, and thus little conserved or re-opened up to celebrate these waterways. Malaysia is one of a number of countries whom have witnessed the former. In 2011, the River of Life (RoL) Entry Points Projects (EPP) was introduced to address this issue aimed towards revitalizing the Klang River into a heritage riverscape and a reinvigorated linear commercial centre for Greater Kuala Lumpur and the Klang Valley (GKL/KV). This paper discusses the heritage fabric at the confluence of the Klang and Gombak Rivers in portraying and narrating the importance of these rivers to the cultural identity of this precinct. Recognising these qualities will result in highlighting the cultural heritage values that need to be considered in recognizing this riverscape as a National Heritage asset. This paper also explored the historical and potential elements of the urban river in Malaysia through the mix method approach (Convergent Parallel). Research data was obtained from Malaysian authorities, using a top-down approach, through interview and visitor participant questionnaires to obtain convergence and divergence perceptions and patterns between these two sources of data. Data obtained sought to elucidate the cultural identity of this urban riverscape and its fabric from the perspective of both official participants perceived responsibilities and the interpretation of the riverscape from local respondent perspectives. The results of data from both participant types is crucial in offering new viewpoints towards a new to better adapt the government’s visions and visitor expectation about the future of this riverscape. This information could better enhance the tourism aspects of this area that has been highlighted as ‘National Key Economic Area (NKEA) 06: Tourism’, and to foster the integration of cultural heritage in an urban setting.

A child needs the best environment for the formation of themselves. Water elements may inject interest among children to be closer to their natural environment. This study focuses on the impact of water elements as an attraction to children. This study focuses on the pictorial investigation of water at outdoor spaces for six-year-old children. This study adapted the technique by Miskell (2011) in dividing places through a spectrum of naturalness helps to differentiate places from the pristine to the developed. Moreover, it guides parents towards knowing the children needs in their environment and improving happiness for their future growth. Keywords: children; children experience; water element; visual landscape. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.2177

Abstract Pedestrian-friendly, liveable, sociable human scale and fun urban environment are the qualities for good cities. Human activities will happen in urban public places if cities can offer choices for people. Increasing the use of the spaces in an urban environment through human activities can turn urban spaces into becoming “places” that is crucial to create good cities. Urban spaces should cater the functional, social, and leisure needs of people. It has positively related to a sense of community that contributes to the identity and image of the city. Therefore, urban street planning and design need to emphasis more on crucial aspects such as the physical, social, cultural, economics and pedestrians to create an urban street environment that is attractive as a destination for economic and social activities. This paper aims to propose and discuss optimal design solutions for a better urban street environment in Ipoh old town, Perak. The objectives are 1) to identify nodes and linkages, qualities of place and fabrics of the spaces and; 2) to determine relationships between the quality of the physical environment of the street and social activities that contribute to the use of the spaces. The study adopted a qualitative methodological strategy. Visual surveys were used to observe the relationship between the physical urban environment and the users’ activities in Ipoh old Town, Perak. Field observation was conducted to gather evidence focusing on the functional aspects of the actual scenes of the place through physical and activity mapping. This study has found that the relationship between the physical environment and the users’ activities significantly influenced the quality of place and fabric of the Ipoh town and in turn, contribute towards reimagining identity of Ipoh as a prominent heritage town.

Integrating women safety in the urban street environment is critical in creating good quality living to improve living standard. This paper discusses women needs and characteristics of urban streets that can affect women behaviour. The objectives of this paper are to identify the characters of the urban environment in making streets safe for women and establishing the characteristics of safe urban street environment for women. This study is conducted using a mixed methodology to identify the relationship between urban street design and women behaviour. This paper will contribute towards safe urban street design with an excellent urban environment and dynamic economic activities. Keywords: women safety; urban design; safe cities; behavioural study eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1741

Despite the advancement of digital technology in virtual heritage (VH) projects, there is still a paucity of research in methods to support sense of place in architectural virtual heritage environment (VHE). This paper argues that studies on the sensation of place in a virtual environment (VE) could be linked to the ever-expanding presence research domain. The impact of the level of immersion and realism in VE towards evoking the sense of presence could be considered to be one of the most discussed topics in presence research. This paper presents the methods and findings from a qualitative experiment designed to analyse user's real-time feedbacks from three levels of immersive systems. The experiment aims to measure the significance of virtual presence in contributing towards user's sense of place experience in a VHE. Based on the findings, the system that produces a better virtual presence such as HMD may not be suitable for all type of users even if it delivers better learning experience of cultural heritage places. It may, however, only be determined by personal preferences and immersive device factors.

Integrating women safety in the urban street environment is critical in creating good quality living to improve living standard. This paper discusses women’s needs and characteristics of urban streets that can affect women’s behaviour. The objectives of this paper are to identify the characters of urban environment in making streets safe for women and establishing the characteristics of safe urban street environment for women. This study is conducted using mixed methodology to identify the relationship between urban street design and women’s behaviour. This paper will contribute towards safe urban street design with an excellent urban environment and dynamic economic activities. Keywords: women safety; urban design; safe cities; behavioural study eISSN: 2398-4295 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER, ABRA & cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v4i17.184

Virtual reality (VR) technologies enable users to be virtually immersed in reconstructed cities and streets from around the globe. Immersive technologies could provide users a suggestive sensation of “being there” in a reconstructed virtual urban environments (VUE). This research argues that experiential VUE could promote better understanding of a place while offering unique interactions within its surrounding elements. The aim of this research is to present a preliminary study of the factors determining place experience in a VUE. This research examines two related VUE case studies that offer real-time navigation via a 3D virtual environment (VE) platform to analyse the functionality of the offered interactions and user experience via its contents. Although preliminary investigations have shown some promising results in real-time virtual city walkthroughs, there are still some issues that still need to be addressed in order to provide experiential contents. Based on the findings, this research suggests future VUE improvements focusing on contextual setting, interactivity, navigation, level of details, viewpoints and auditory elements to provide an experiential walkthrough within a VUE. Findings from the case studies would assist and identify specific elements suitable for future development of more meaningful and experiential VUE in the Malaysian context.

A child needs best for the formation of themselves. A more continuous experience needs for the stabilisation of the characteristics of children in the process of building confidence and maturity in life. This research focuses on the investigation of the favourite place for children age 6 years old. This will strengthen the engagement of children experience with its environment. The outdoor environment contains a variety of natural science that can be learned directly by children. The aim of the study is to seek for a positive impact of the outdoor environment in the process of formation of the child and the objectives of the study are to understand the means of the outdoor environment with children, to develop the criteria of outdoor space for children and its implications for children. It is importance to know apparently the appropriateness of children's outdoor environment and where it should be created for improving the development of self-experience of a child.

This paper examines the factors that make people use the street in Kuala Lumpur city centre. The study employed a mix-methodology method. The results suggest that the needs of users on the street depend on various factors, such as attractions; activities and reasons; proximity, lack of congestion; familiarity and length of engagement with the place public space. The findings show that, in general, the factors that make people use the street are mostly similar with previous theories. However, the attributes that contribute to the influencing factors vary for each context.Keywords: Uses and activities; pedestrians need; public spaces; liveable streeteISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

This paper explores the notion of user-friendly streets. The primary concern is to identify the people’s need for social behaviours on street environment. The urban street environment is examined in respect of the physical qualities through the analysis of questionnaire surveys. Structured observations of the users’ activities and physical environment of the street was conducted as part of the multi-method approach. The users’ needs of a user- friendly street in the Malaysian context are mainly similar to the previous theories developed by other countries, especially the developed ones. However, the attributes that contribute to the factors vary for each context.

This paper explores the notion of people’-friendly streets. The primary concern is to identify the people’s need for social behaviours on urban streets. The street environment is examined in respect of the physical qualities through the analysis of questionnaire surveys. Structured observations of the users’ activities and physical environment of the street was conducted as part of the multi-method approach. The users’ needs of a user- friendly street in the Malaysian context are mainly similar to the previous theories developed by other countries, especially the developed ones. However, the attributes that contribute to the factors vary for each context.Keywords: Urban streets; social behaviour; people’s need; people-friendlyISSN: 2398-4287© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

Exploration process will increase the experience of children’s life primarily during their learning stages. The process of exploration helps children to get closer to nature and appreciate its surroundings. The elements of natural landscape character may potentially enable children to be more creative in gaining experience and increase new knowledge. Children learn best through free play and discovery (White, 1998). It will stimulate their positive senses, emotions and social interaction among other children and its environment. This research focuses on the investigation of the favourite place for children ages 5 and 6 years old. This research will strengthen the engagement of children experience with nature. However, there are constraints which are limiting the natural environment exposure with the children. Therefore, the elements of the natural landscape should be integrated with consideration to the children’s needs and the natural environment. Keywords: Natural landscape, children exploration, natural environment ISSN: 2398-4287 © 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.