The exponential growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has given rise to a new phenomenon: AIlessphobia, the fear of lacking access to AI for educational tasks. To measure this emerging construct, a specific instrument is needed. Therefore, this study aimed to validate a Spanish version of an AIlessphobia assessment scale for adolescents. The research involved 1,905 (49.2% boys) students aged 11-14 from 26 schools (mean age 12.60±0.82 years). Results revealed that 64.4% of participants had used AI applications or websites, primarily for academic purposes. The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated adequate fit indices for a two-factor correlated model and sex invariance. The scale showed high item-total correlations, satisfactory factor loadings, and strong reliability indicators. A positive correlation was found between AIlessphobia and nomophobia. No significant sex differences were observed across Secondary Education courses. Scores between 18-22 points per dimension or above 36 points total could indicate problematic levels. The study concludes by discussing practical implications and educational needs.

Excessive and inappropriate use of the Internet poses various dysfunctional technology risks in adolescents, such as General Problematic Internet Use, Nomophobia, Fear of Missing Out Online, Internet gaming disorder, online gambling disorder, and loot boxes (LB), among others. However, few validated programs conjointly address all these problems. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the multi-risk prevention program DOMINUS, designed to prevent these risks and promote responsible and autonomous use of technology and the Internet in adolescents in 1stand 2nd grade of Compulsory Secondary Education. The program consists of 11 sessions organized in 3 modules. The sample comprised 651 adolescents (50.7% girls) aged 11-15 (M-age = 12.4, SD = 0.65). A quasi-experimental pre-post design was used with a non-equivalent control group. The program's effectiveness was evaluated using the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test, comparing the changes between pre-test and post-test between the intervention group (n = 443) and the control group (n = 208). After implementation, a significant decrease in dysfunctional Internet risks was found in the intervention group, as well as a significant reduction in the frequency of video gaming and purchasing LB. In addition, significant improvements were observed in knowledge about risks in 68% of the items evaluated. Both students and teachers expressed high levels of satisfaction. Therefore, DOMINUS is proposed as a promising tool for reducing problematic behaviors associated with Internet use. (c) 2025 Universidad del Pa & imath;s Vasco. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Abstract Background Numerous studies have established the relationship between peer victimization and maladaptive schemas. Some studies indicate that resilience mediates between victimization and psychological distress, although there is a gap in the literature on the role of resilience in the formation of maladaptive schemas. Aim This study aimed to analyze the role of resilience as a mediator between peer victimization, cybervictimization, and maladaptive schemas, especially disconnection/rejection and impaired autonomy. Methods An analytical and cross-sectional study was performed with 2854 students (50.7% girls) aged 11–17 years (Mage = 13.71, SD = 1.34) from 16 schools in six Spanish regions. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and structural equation models (SEM) were performed, and multigroup measurement invariance by sex was confirmed. Results The results show that resilience in all its dimensions acts as a partial mediator between traditional victimization and maladaptive schemas, particularly in the dimensions of self-efficacy and control under pressure. However, resilience only shows a partial mediation in cybervictimization through the dimension of Spirituality. Moreover, the model is invariant for boys and girls. Conclusion Resilience dimensions partially mediate the victimization–schema association, cybervictimization shows weaker mediation effects, and the model is invariant across sex.

The protection of children and adolescents is a global priority for today's societies. Data from different official bodies on the different types of violence in childhood are more than worrying. Among the possible causes are the absence of a comprehensive approach to child protection, the lack of teacher training, the lack of coordination of the professionals involved and the scarcity of resources. It is in this context that the LOPIVI (2021) arises and with it the new figure of the Child and Adolescent Well-being and Protection Coordinator (CBP) in educational centres. This proposes a holistic approach to the prevention of child violence, generating protective environments and in coordination with professionals from different fields. It is up to the Autonomous Communities to specify its implementation. A content analysis of the regulations developed on PBC by the different autonomous communities up to December 2021 is

Background: Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a leading mental disorder among adolescents globally and is associated with premature mortality. Knowing the trends and key determinants of ADHD in youth are critical for earlier diagnosis and interventions. Methods: We retrospectively examined all hospitalizations in patients aged 11 to 18 years with ADHD in Spain, using data from the Spanish National Registry of Hospital Discharges spanning 2000 to 2021. We compared our data with available literature. Results: Over the 22-year study period, there were 2,015,589 hospitalizations among adolescents in Spain, with 118,609 (5.9%) cases involving mental disorders. There were 10,292 admissions with ADHD, representing 8.7% of all hospitalizations among youth with mental disorders. Median age was of 14 years. Boys represented 72.6%. Admissions with ADHD experienced a 17-fold increase during the last decade ( p < .001). The in-hospital mortality rate for adolescents with ADHD was 0.1%, lower than for other mental disorders. During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, admissions decreased but resumed its rising trend thereafter. Conclusion: Hospital admissions for ADHD among adolescents have significantly increased in Spain during the last two decades. This increase outpaced the mild upward trend in ADHD diagnoses over the same period, which is not due to actual increases in the incidence of ADHD, which has remained stable at 5% worldwide. Factors beyond increased awareness, improved identification, and changes in diagnostic criteria must be considered. Boys represented 72.6% of these admissions. In-hospital mortality in adolescents with ADHD was lower than for admissions with other mental disorders.

Pretest–posttest pilot (n=38): WISEBOx reduced loot box purchasing at one month (32/38) and residual spending among those who continued purchasing. Further evidence is needed

Fear of missing out (FoMO) is a problematic kind of attachment related to the distress caused by knowing that others are having rewarding experiences of which one is not a part. Although this feeling can negatively impact the lives of adolescents, the relationship between FoMO and other risks of dysfunctional use of the Internet in this age range is little explored. Furthermore, there is a gap in the online FoMO assessment instruments for this age bracket. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between FoMO and problematic social networking site (PSNS) usage, nomophobia, and Internet gaming disorder (IGD). A secondary objective was to validate the Fear of Missing Out in the Online Context in Adolescent (FoMO-OA) scale. Differences according to sex and academic course were also analysed. An instrumental, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted with 3569 students aged 11–14 years (1794 males, 50.3%). The results indicate significant and positive relationships between FoMO, PSNS, nomophobia, and IGD. Users of social networks experienced significantly more FoMO ( p < 0.001). Moreover, the FoMO-OA was validated with sufficient guarantees of validity and reliability. We obtained higher scores for girls and students in higher grades ( p < 0.001). These results are particularly interesting for future prevention programs and parental online mediation strategies.

The expansion of digital technologies has transformed the family environment, demanding new strategies from parents to guide and protect their children’s Internet use. While the literature widely discusses parental mediation, few studies analyze how traditional parenting styles are related online parental mediation (OPM) strategies and how parents’ age moderates these relationships. To examine the effects of three traditional parenting styles—inductive, rigid, and indulgent—on six OPM strategies, considering the moderating role of parents’ age. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 672 parents (83.9% mothers) of children aged 9–14 years from 29 schools in 10 Spanish regions. Participants completed the Scale of Rules and Demands (ENE-P) and the EU-Global Kids Online Parental Mediation Questionnaire. Using 18 moderation models (PROCESS Model 1, bootstrapping with 5000 samples), we analyzed the predictive power of inductive, rigid, and indulgent parenting styles (predictors) on six OPM strategies—active mediation of Internet use (AMIU), active mediation of Internet safety (AMIS), child-initiated. The inductive parenting style was positively related to all OPM strategies, and its effects were stronger among younger parents for AMIU (B = –.03, p < .01), AMIS (B = –.02, p = .04), and RM (B = –.01, p = .04). The indulgent style showed negative relationships with five OPM strategies (AMIU, AMIS, PM, TC, RM), while the rigid style showed no significant effects. Findings support the concept of global parenting, integrating offline and online parental regulation. Younger parents’ digital skills strengthen the positive effects of inductive parenting on Internet safety and autonomy. Programs should foster inductive strategies and enhance digital competence among older parents.

The intensive use of digital devices at increasingly younger ages can have major implications without adequate supervision. The conceptualization and assessment of parental mediation remains a challenge, and current questionnaires have theoretical and psychometric limitations. The aim of this study was to analyse the psychometric properties and dimensions of an integrated and paired version of the EU Kids/Global Kids Online questionnaires in Spanish children and families. An instrumental study was carried out with a sample of 1,978 students aged 9–15 ( M = 12.48; SD = 1.08) and 345 parents aged 30–60 ( M = 45.68; SD = 5.04) from 16 schools. Results showed adequate internal consistency and construct validity in both versions. Confirmatory factor analyses showed satisfactory fit in both the model with six correlated dimensions and a second-order model where all dimensions saturate in a global factor of parental mediation. Different dimensionality proposals are discussed, with reflections on their applied potential and future directions.

Social networks are used daily by almost all adolescents and young people. They are used extensively, and their positive aspects are well-known, but they present multiple risks. Parents' mediation (PM) in their children's use of social networks (SNs) to prevent numerous problems has been recently researched. This systematic review analyzed works published since 2012 about online PM strategies concerning the use of SNs by children/adolescents aged between 9 and 18 years old. Following the PRISMA protocol, this review was submitted to Prospero (ID: CRD42022345033), five electronic databases were examined (WOS, SCOPUS, ERIC, ProQuest Psychology, and PubMed), and to assess the risk of bias the ROBIS tool was used. 32 papers were selected. The results indicate that PM strategies (especially the restrictive strategies over the enabling ones) effectively reduce the time spent on SNs and their associated risks. However, it is unclear whether one type of strategy is more effective or whether a combination of the different strategies, depending on the problem to be addressed, is most effective. Finally, no studies have been found that have analyzed the relationship between PM strategies and the benefits associated with the use of SNs. Possible lines of action for future programs and research are proposed.

Adolescent loneliness represents a growing global public health concern that coincides with the widespread adoption of digital technologies. Recognising the complexity of loneliness experiences, this study examined the psychometric properties of the Perth A-loneness Scale (PALs) in a Spanish speaking sample of adolescents and investigated the relationships between distinct facets of loneliness and problematic social networking site use (PSNU). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,682 students (54.3% girls; aged 12-17 years; Mage = 14.18 +/- 1.56) who completed the PALs and the Problematic Social Networking Site Use Scale (PSNU-S). The Spanish PALs translation demonstrated robust structural validity and achieved measurement invariance across gender and age groups, supporting a nuanced conceptualisation of adolescent loneliness. Feelings of Isolation exhibited a significant direct relationship on negative consequences from Social Networking Site use (p < .001), while Negative Attitudes Toward Solitude showed significant indirect and total effects (p < .001) but no direct effect. These findings highlight the importance of examining loneliness as a multidimensional construct and provide critical insights for developing targeted psychoeducational interventions to enhance adolescents' emotional well-being by addressing both solitude-related experiences and problematic social media use patterns.

El uso excesivo e inadecuado de Internet plantea diversos riesgos disfuncionales de la tecnología en los adolescentes, como el uso problemático general de Internet, la nomofobia, el miedo a perderse algo online, el trastorno por juego en Internet, el trastorno por juego de apuesta online y las cajas de botín (CB), entre otros. Sin embargo, pocos programas validados abordan conjuntamente todos estos problemas. El estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la eficacia del programa de prevención multirriesgo DOMINUS, diseñado para prevenir estos riesgos y promover un uso responsable y autónomo de la tecnología e Internet en adolescentes de 1° y 2° de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. El programa consta de 11 sesiones organizadas en 3 módulos. La muestra ha estado compuesta por 651 adolescentes (50.7% chicas) de edades comprendidas entre 11 y 15 años (Medad=12.4, DT=0.65). Se ha utilizado un diseño cuasi-experimental pre-post con un grupo de control no equivalente. La eficacia del programa se ha evaluado mediante la prueba no paramétrica de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon, comparando los cambios entre el pretest y el postest entre el grupo de intervención (n=443) y el grupo de control (n=208). Tras la aplicación, se ha observado una disminución significativa de los riesgos disfuncionales de Internet en el grupo de intervención, así como una reducción significativa de la frecuencia de los videojuegos y de la compra de CB. Además, se han observado mejoras significativas en el conocimiento sobre los riesgos en un 68% de los ítems evaluados. Tanto los alumnos como los profesores han expresado altos niveles de satisfacción. Por lo tanto, DOMINUS se postula como una herramienta prometedora para reducir los comportamientos problemáticos asociados al uso de Internet.

BACKGROUND:Suicide is increasing among adolescents and young adults worldwide, so its prevention is a topic of great educational interest. In this context, several prevention programs have been developed. However, this problem continues to increase among young people. METHODS:The objective of this study is to systematically analyze the concordance between the risk factors addressed in suicide prevention programs in school settings and the suicide risk factors (RFs) described in the literature (systematic and meta-analyses). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, this review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the code CRD42023431649. After launching the search algorithm in the various databases, Web of Science (WOS), SCOPUS, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), ProQuest Psychology, and PubMed, duplicate references were removed using the bibliographic reference management software Zotero. Two independent researchers assessed their possible eligibility. A third judge resolved any disagreements on the inclusion/exclusion of the selected articles. For the quality assessment, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was employed. Finally, 24 articles published between January 1, 2000, and February 1, 2025, were selected. The data extraction and qualitative analysis were divided in three phases: (1) Scoping umbrella review of suicide risk factors; (2) Systematic review of suicide risk factors addressed in child and adolescent suicide prevention programs and their efficacy; (3) Systematic analysis of the concordance between suicide risk factors found in the literature of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and their inclusion in prevention programs. RESULTS:The risk factors more frequently addressed in the programs are anxiety, depression, peer support, and social relationships. Sexual orientation and bullying/cyberbullying are two risk factors whose role in adolescence is crucial and which are barely or not addressed in current prevention programs. Multi-modal interventions provide the best indicators of effectiveness. In addition, the inclusion of working with the family appears to be a component that affects the effectiveness of the programs. A relationship was found between a higher number of risk factors addressed in the programs and their effectiveness. CONCLUSION:There is a need to update and create new programs for Generation Z and Alpha students.

There are increasingly more prevention and intervention programs concerning internet risks. However, most of them do not consider the breadth of the existing risks of both the relational and dysfunctional use of technology. The main objective of this study was to confirm the effectiveness indicators of the multi-risk internet prevention program (Safety.net). This program, consisting of 16 sessions (1 hour/session), promotes general skills for adequate internet use and prevents eight risks: cyberbullying, sexting, online grooming, cyber dating abuse, problematic internet use, nomophobia, internet gaming disorder, and online gambling. It has a networked instructional design to remember the contents already addressed as as the program progresses. The sample comprised 726 adolescents (54% girls) between 11-14 years (M = 12.11, SD = 0.89). For its evaluation, a pre/post-test repeated-measures design was used with an intervention group (n = 450) and a control group (n = 276). The intervention group showed significant improvements compared to the control group in peer cybervictimization, cyber dating victimization, sexual solicitation/interaction with adults, problematic internet use, and nomophobia. These results suggest that the Safety.net program effectively prevents the increase of most internet risks assessed through a reduced number of sessions. This is a potential psychoeducational tool to be integrated into tutorial action plans. (c) 2024 Universidad de Pais Vasco. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Internet gaming disorder (IGD), Gaming disorder (GD) and fear of missing out (FoMO) share a dysfunctional use of technology. Despite the increased academic interest in the relationship between these constructs, no attempts have been made to synthesize extant knowledge on it. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic review following the PRISMA protocol assessing 13 manuscripts. Overall, studies have confirmed a correlation between FoMO and IGD or GD, a direct effect of FoMO on IGD or GD, and a mediating role of FoMO with IGD/GD and psychosocial variables. In conclusion, FoMO is a complex construct and must be studied further to determine its components and forms such as trait-FoMO, and state-FoMO, and applied to the online context in order to properly understand this construct. This could have practical implications for the intervention and prevention of GD/IGD and FoMO.

The use of the internet is a normative phenomenon associated with problems for younger people. The dysfunctional risks are those in which there is a problematic use of technologies that generates negative consequences. General Problematic Internet Use (GPIU) is the most prevalent, while Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and Online Gambling Disorder (OGD) are less prevalent, perhaps because they are Clinical problems and notably more severe. They have been widely studied separately but have hardly been examined conjointly and overlappingly. This study employs a sample with a broad age range including participants across the three stages of adolescence (early, middle, and late) and emerging adulthood. The objectives are to analyze: 1) the overall prevalence of GPIU, IGD and OGD; 2) the prevalence of GPIU, IGD and OGD according to the degree of the reported problem; 3) overlap of GPIU, IGD and OGD. These objectives will be carried out according to the variable sex and stages of adolescence. Cross-sectional and analytical study with 7,295 participants aged between 11 and 22 years. Considering risk, 13.8% of the participants had one or more risks; 11.5% presented at least one risk, 9.6% presented GPIU; 2% presented GPIU and IGD together; in only 0.1% did all three risks overlap. Girls present higher prevalence of GPIU, and boys of IGD, OGD and in all the overlaps. There is a general upward trend in middle and late adolescence versus early adolescence in these risks, which decline in emerging adulthood. These data are discussed concerning their importance in psychoeducational prevention and intervention actions.

BACKGROUND:Suicide ranks as a leading cause of premature death among adolescents globally. Understanding the trends and key determinants of suicidal behavior in youth are critical for implementing educational policies and supporting preventive strategies in schools. METHODS:This retrospective study examined all hospitalizations due to suicidal behavior in children and adolescents aged 11 to 18 years in Spain, using data from the Spanish National Registry of Hospital Discharges spanning 2000 to 2021. RESULTS:Over the 22-year study period, there were 2,015,589 hospitalizations among adolescents in Spain, with 118,609 (5.9 %) cases involving mental disorders. There were 2855 admissions with suicidal behavior, constituting 2.4 % of the hospitalizations among youth with mental disorders. Girls represented 73.4 % of all hospitalizations, with a median age of 16 years. Admissions for suicidal behavior saw a four-fold increase during the last decade (p < 0.001). The in-hospital mortality rate for adolescents with suicidal behavior doubled that of those hospitalized for other mental disorders. During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, admissions of adolescents with suicidal behavior decreased, only to surge by 2.5-fold during 2021. CONCLUSION:Hospital admissions for suicidal behavior among adolescents have risen in Spain over the last two decades. Girls represented 73.4 % of these admissions, yet in-hospital mortality was more frequent in boys.

Mental disorders account for a large and increasing health burden worldwide. Characterizing the spectrum of mental disorders and trends over time in adolescents should influence education policies and support preventative strategies at schools. Retrospective study of all hospitalizations in Spain in adolescents 11–18-years old, including mental disorders as diagnosis using the Spanish National Registry of Hospital Discharges. Information was retrieved from 2000 to 2021. During the 22-year study period there were 2,015,589 hospitalizations in adolescents in Spain, of which 118,609 (5.9

The video game industry has introduced a new form of monetization through microtransactions. A controversial example has been the so called `loot-boxes´ (LBs) as virtual objects, which are randomized and bought with legal money. In recent years, LBs have come to connect two nosologically distinct clinical problems, namely Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and Online Gambling Disorder (OGD). Thus, the objective of the present study was to explore the mediating role of Problematic Use of Loot-Boxes (PU-LB) between IGD and OGD. This cross-sectional and analytical study used incidental sampling from 24 Spanish schools. The final sample consisted of 542 participants (96.5% male) (range 11-30 years) who played video games, bought LBs and gambled online in the last 12 months. The results indicated that IGD had no significant direct effect on OGD (p > .05). However, the indirect effect of IGD on OGD through PU-LB was significant (p < .001). Therefore, PU-LB fully mediated the relationship between IGD and OGD. Furthermore, these results were found both in the subsamples of minors (<18 years) and young adults (≥18 years). These results may have implications for the video game industry and for decision making by policy makers.