Legge, W. G., Tucker, J. R., Bizimungu, B., Tekauz, A., Fetch, Jr., T. G., Haber, S., Menzies, J. G., Noll, J. S., Turkington, T. K., Martin, R. A., Choo, T. M., Vigier, B. J., Blackwell, B. A. and Savard, M. E. 2013. Taylor barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 969–977. Taylor is a hulless two-row spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar with malting quality potential, and is one of the first hulless cultivars to be registered for that purpose in Canada. This line was developed in 2001 from a CDC Freedom/Rivers cross by in vitro selection using three Fusarium derived mycotoxins in the medium of an anther culture system. Taylor was evaluated in the Western Cooperative Hulless Barley Registration Test (2006–2008), and in pilot-scale malting trials (2007–2008), before being registered as HB705 in 2009 with its name changed to Taylor in 2011. In extensive evaluation in Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) nurseries from 2002 to 2011, Taylor consistently showed low deoxynivalenol concentration.

Legge, W. G., Tucker, J. R., Fetch, Jr., T. G., Haber, S., Menzies, J. G., Noll, J. S., Tekauz, A., Turkington, T. K. and Savard, M. E. 2013. Major barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 291–297. Major is a hulled two-row spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar widely adapted to western Canada. Developed from the cross Rivers/Newdale made in 1999, Major was evaluated in the Western Cooperative Two-row Barley Registration Test (2006–2007) and the Collaborative Malting Barley Trials (2007–2008) conducted by the malting and brewing industry before being registered in 2009. Major has an excellent combination of agronomic traits and disease resistance with malting quality similar to AC Metcalfe, a cultivar widely used commercially by the malting and brewing industry in domestic and export markets.

Legge, W. G., Tucker, J. R., Bizimungu, B., Fetch Jr., T. G., Haber, S., Menzies, J. G., Noll, J. S., Tekauz, A., Turkington, T. K., Savard, M. E. and Choo, T. M. 2013. Cerveza barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 557–564. Ceveza is a doubled-haploid hulled two-row spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar widely adapted to western Canada, Quebec, and the Maritimes. Developed from the cross TR251/Newdale//TR253/Newdale made in 1998, Cerveza was evaluated in the Western Cooperative Two-row Barley Registration Test (2006–2007) and the Collaborative Malting Barley Trials (2007–2008) conducted by the malting and brewing industry before being registered in 2010. Cerveza was also evaluated in Quebec and the Maritimes in 2007–2009. Cerveza's desirable combination of agronomic traits, disease resistance and malting quality, particularly high grain yield and malt extract, should make it a useful cultivar for producers and the malting and brewing industry.

Legge, W. G., Tucker, J. R., Bizimungu, B., Tekauz, A., Noll, J. S., Fetch Jr., T. G., Menzies, J. G., Haber, S., Savard, M. E., Vigier, B. J., Choo, T. M., Martin, R. A., Turkington, T. K., Rossnagel, B. G. and Harvey, B. L. 2011. Norman barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1105–1113. Norman is a hulled two-row spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar derived from the cultivar CDC Kendall that was widely grown in western Canada and utilized commercially by the malting and brewing industry. Developed in 2000 by in vitro selection using deoxynivalenol mycotoxin in the medium of an anther culture system, Norman was evaluated in the Western Cooperative Two-row Barley Registration Test in 2005 and 2006, and the malting and brewing industry Collaborative Malting Barley Trials in 2006 and 2007, before being registered in 2009. Norman was also evaluated extensively for deoxynivalenol concentration in fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) nurseries from 2001 to 2009. Norman accumulates 25 to 30% less deoxynivalenol than its parent cultivar, CDC Kendall, but is similar in all other traits including malting quality.

Harvest is a hard red spring wheat that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring wheat class. Harvest is adapted to the wheat growing regions of the Canadian prairies based on data from the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative Registration Test conducted in 1998, 1999 and 2000 and grown in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The overall grain yield of Harvest was significantly higher compared with the check cultivars Neepawa, Roblin, AC Majestic and AC Barrie, but yielded significantly less than the check cultivar McKenzie. Harvest matured similar to McKenzie and Neepawa, 1 d later than Roblin, 1 d earlier than AC Barrie and significantly earlier than AC Majestic. Harvest was significantly shorter than the check cultivars and had the lowest lodging scores. The test weight of Harvest was similar to McKenzie and AC Barrie and significantly higher than Neepawa, Roblin and AC Majestic. Harvest demonstrated moderate resistance to leaf rust and loose smut and very good resistance to stem rust. Resistance to common bunt was fair, similar to Neepawa and AC Barrie. Resistance to Fusarium head blight was similar to the susceptible check Roblin and poorer than the other checks. Harvest had very good preharvest sprouting resistance with lower sprouting scores than the best check in 2 of 3 years of testing, and it maintained its falling numbers after natural or artificial weathering of spikes. End-use quality tests indicated that Harvest was within the range of the checks for most end-use quality traits. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, red spring wheat, sprouting resistance

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Cereal Research Centre, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 1030, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada S9H 3X2; and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, PO Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1. Received 31 July 2009, accepted 5 March 2010.

Newdale is a two-row spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar widely adapted to western Canada that has performed particularly well in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Developed from a cross made in 1991, Newdale was evaluated in the Western Cooperative Two-row Barley Registration Test (1998-1999) and the Collaborative Malting Barley Trials (1999-2000) conducted by the malting and brewing industry before being registered in 2001. Newdale is a significantly higher yielding cultivar with good agronomic traits, moderate disease resistance and good malting quality. Key words: Malting barley, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar description, yield, disease resistance, malting quality

KANE is a hard red spring wheat that meets the end-use quality and kernel visual distinguishability specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring market class. KANE was found to be adapted to the wheat-growing regions of Manitoba and eastern Saskatchewan from the data provided by the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative registration test in 2003–2005. In comparison with the check cultivars Katepwa, McKenzie, CDC Teal, AC Barrie, and Superb, the overall grain yield of KANE was similar to the high yield checks McKenzie and Superb. Compared with the highest yielding check McKenzie, KANE was 1.7 d later maturing, was 6 cm shorter, had stronger straw, and was significantly higher (1.1 kg hL-1) in test weight. KANE is resistant to the prevalent races of leaf rust and stem rust. Resistance to common bunt and loose smut was intermediate, being similar to CDC Teal and McKenzie, respectively. Resistance to fusarium head blight was similar to AC Barrie. KANE has good preharvest sprouting resistance with similar or lower sprouting scores compared to the best check in 4 out of 5 yr of testing. End-use quality tests showed that KANE had a 0.7% higher flour extraction rate than the best checks and was within the range of the checks for the other quality traits. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, red spring wheat, test weight, preharvest sprouting, leaf rust

AC Splendor is a hard red spring wheat that meets the end-use quality and kernel visual distinguishability specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring class. AC Splendor was evaluated in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative Registration Test in 1993, 1994 and 1995 and was found to be adapted to the wheat-growing regions of the Canadian prairies. In comparison to the check cultivars Neepawa, Katepwa, Columbus, Roblin and AC Majestic, AC Splendor grain yield was similar to Katepwa, Columbus and Roblin; however, AC Splendor exhibited earlier maturity by 2.8, 7.5 and 1.6 d, respectively. AC Splendor is resistant to Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. E. Henn. that causes the disease stem rust and P. triticina Eriks. that causes leaf rust and has intermediate resistance to Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) R. Wolff and T. laevis Kuhn in Rabenh. that causes common bunt. Resistance to Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch] that causes fusarium head blight is poor. End-use quality tests identified that AC Splendor had high protein concentration and was in the range of the checks for the other quality traits. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, red spring wheat, early maturity

Development of high-yielding wheat varieties with good end-use quality has always been a major concern for wheat breeders. To genetically dissect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield-related traits such as grain yield, plant height, maturity, lodging, test weight and thousand-grain weight, and for quality traits such as grain and flour protein content, gluten strength as evaluated by mixograph and SDS sedimentation volume, an F 1 -derived doubled haploid (DH) population of 185 individuals was developed from a cross between a Canadian wheat variety “AC Karma” and a breeding line 87E03-S2B1. A genetic map was constructed based on 167 marker loci, consisting of 160 microsatellite loci, three HMW glutenin subunit loci: Glu-A1 , Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 , and four STS-PCR markers. Data for investigated traits were collected from three to four environments in Manitoba, Canada. QTL analyses were performed using composite interval mapping. A total of 50 QTLs were detected, 24 for agronomic traits and 26 for quality-related traits. Many QTLs for correlated traits were mapped in the same genomic regions forming QTL clusters. The largest QTL clusters, consisting of up to nine QTLs, were found on chromosomes 1D and 4D. HMW glutenin subunits at Glu-1 loci had the largest effect on breadmaking quality; however, other genomic regions also contributed genetically to breadmaking quality. QTLs detected in the present study are compared with other QTL analyses in wheat.

Somerset is a hard red spring wheat that meets the end-use quality and kernel visual distinguishability specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring class. Evaluation of Somerset occurred in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative Registration Test in 2001, 2002 and 2003 and was found to be adapted to the wheat-growing regions of the Canadian prairies. In comparison to the check cultivars Katepwa, McKenzie, CDC Teal, AC Barrie and Superb, Somerset grain yield was intermediate to AC Barrie and McKenzie. Somerset is resistant to stem rust, leaf rust and loose smut. Resistance to fusarium head blight was similar to that of AC Barrie, Katepwa and McKenzie. End-use quality tests identified that Somerset had about 1% more grain protein and slightly higher flour yield than the check cultivars. Somerset has lower test weight and is taller than the check cultivars. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, red spring wheat, grain protein

AC Metcalfe is a two-row spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar widely adapted to western Canada with high yield, good agronomic traits, moderate disease resistance and excellent malting quality. Of note are its good resistance to loose smut and moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight. Key words: Malting barley, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar description, yield, disease resistance, malting quality

AC Medallion is a high-yield ing, white hulled oat cultivar possessing the crown rust resistance gene combination Pc38, Pc39, and Pc68, which is highly effective against the crown rust population on the Canadian prairies at the time of registration. It has very good resistance to loose and covered smut, good resistance to stem rust, and moderate tolerance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV). AC Medallion has good kernel characteristics including good protein and oil content. AC Medallion is well suited for the oat-growing areas of western Canada and in particular the Black Soil zone of Manitoba and Saskatchewan and the Brown soil zone of Saskatchewan and Alberta. Key words: Oat, Avena sativa L., cultivar description

AC Assiniboia is a high-yielding, tan hulled oat cultivar possessing the crown rust resistance gene combination Pc38, Pc39, and Pc68, which is highly effective against the crown rust population on the Canadian prairies at the time of registration. It has very good resistance to loose and covered smut, good resistance to stem rust, and excellent tolerance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV). AC Assiniboia has good kernel characteristics, including good protein and oil content. AC Assiniboia is well suited for the oat-growing areas of western Canada and in particular the Black soil zone of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Key words: Oat, Avena sativa L., cultivar description

AC Rebel is a high-yielding, high-protein, white hulled oat cultivar possessing the crown rust resistance genes Pc38 and Pc39. It has good resistance to loose and covered smut, good resistance to stem rust, and moderate tolerance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV). AC Rebel has good kernel characteristics including commercially acceptable hull and oil content. AC Rebel is well suited for the oat growing areas of western Canada where crown rust is not a problem, in particular to the Brown soil zone of Saskatchewan and Alberta. Key words: Oat, Avena sativa L., cultivar description

Canada was the largest durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum) producer in 1994, and in recent years supplied over 70% of world export trade in durum. Breeding for pasta quality is, therefore, a primary objective in Canadian durum breeding programs. Control of cultivar registration and stringent grading standards ensure that durum of consistent high quality is produced for domestic and export markets. The objectives of breeding programs include: improvement of traits related to production concerns, such as grain yield, disease resistance and sprouting resistance, and those related to end-use quality, such as protein concentration and quality; milling quality factors, such as semolina yield; colour of the wheat, semolina and pasta; and cooking quality. Selection and testing for quality begins at very early generations and becomes more stringent for advanced inbred lines. Selection is practised at the F1 or F2, where appropriate, using monoclonal antibodies to identify desirable gamma gliadins (γ-45) or low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW 2) that have been shown to be related to end-use quality. Grain from early generation yield trials, starting at F4, is screened for protein concentration and pigment content by Near Infrared reflectance, and for gluten strength by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) sedimentation and micro-mixograph. Promising lines entered into multi-location yield trials are screened with more time-consuming procedures to fully assess suitability for pasta processing. These tests include semolina yield, ash and colour, and predictions of gluten strength such as mixograph and alveograph, and cooking quality. Candidate cultivars with quality equal to or better than the mean of the check cultivars can be proposed for registration after three years in the Durum Cooperative Test. It takes approximately 10 years from performing a cross to registrating a new cultivar.

Various chemical and physical screening tests to predict pasta cooking quality in a durum wheat breeding program were evaluated using sensory methods. Twelve durum wheat varieties were field grown in three consecutive years, milled into semolina and then processed into spaghetti using low temperature drying. Correlations between protein content and sensory scores were not consistent among the 3 years, and protein content did not correlate with any of the tests used to predict pasta cooking quality. Cooked pasta disc viscoelasticity measurements were reliable predictors of sensory quality. Sedimentation values (SV) and cooked gluten viscoelasticity (CGV) were significantly correlated with chewiness in 2 of the 3 years. Mixing total energy (MTE) and mixing peak height (MPH) values obtained using a Mixograph were the best predictors for chewiness (CH) and firmness (FI). None of the tests correlated with adhesiveness to teeth (AD), which suggests that it is an unrelated parameter. Because the Mixograph test is simple, requires relatively small sample size and the results obtained are highly correlated with sensory data, it is the most useful test to predict the end use quality of durum wheat in a breeding program.

Protect-It is a newly developed diatomaceous earth (DE) based insecticide for stored-grain protection and structural treatment. It has proved effective at controlling stored-grain insects in laboratory tests at application rates well below other DE-based insecticides. This study examined the effect of Protect-It on quality, and physical and handling characteristics of cereals. Treatment of Hard Red Spring (HRS) wheat with either 50 or 300 ppm Protect-It had no significant effect on the milling, analytical, rheological or baking quality. The application of Protect-It on durum wheat did not affect the properties for high-quality pasta production at 50 ppm and 300 ppm, and treatment of barley at concentrations from 100 ppm to 900 ppm also showed no differences in malting quality characteristics. A different DE based insecticide, Insecto®, was used to examine the combined affect of DE and dockage on bulk density (test weight) on Hard Red Spring (HRS) wheat, durum wheat and barley. Both dockage and DE reduced bulk density. For HRS and durum wheat, the addition of 5%, 10%, or 15% dockage mitigated (less than 1 kg/hl) the reduction of bulk density when DE was applied. Protect-It treatment of HRS wheat, rye and barley gave 0.2% to 0.8% lower dielectric moisture values than before treatment, depending on the DE concentration and commodity. The effect was caused by physical effect of the dust on the grain, since wheat treated with DE had no actual loss of moisture. Protect-It did not affect the dielectric moisture content readings with oats and maize. In field tests, wheat treated with Protect-It at 75 ppm and 100 ppm, concentrations that controlled Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) and reduced Tribolium castaneum Herbst populations, did not cause a reduction in grain flow nor did it cause an increase in air-borne dust when grain was moved using a screw auger. Wheat treated with 300 ppm Protect-It had reduced grain-flow and caused an increase in air-borne dust. Bulk density of the wheat was measured before and after a spray (wet) application at 100 ppm or dust (dry) application at 75 and 100 ppm of Protect-It in both laboratory and field conditions. In the field, dry application of 75 ppm reduced bulk density by 1.6 to 2.5 kg/hl, 100 ppm by 2.0 to 2.8 kg/hl, and 300 ppm by 4.6 to 4.8 kg/hl. Protect-It reduced bulk density by 1.5 to 2.2 kg/hl at 100 ppm wet application.

The usefulness of pasta disc viscoelasticity to predict pasta cooking quality in the durum wheat breeding program was evaluated. Cooked pasta disc viscoelasticity (PDV) was calculated from the creep curve of the viscoelastogram. Two sets of samples with different quality characteristics were tested for protein content, sedimentation volume (SV), Mixograph mixing characteristics, cooked gluten viscoelasticity (CGV) and cooked pasta disc viscoelasticity. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated that cooked pasta disc visoelasticity was associated with Mixograph values, SV and CGV, but not with protein content. The results indicate that the PDV test is useful in breeding programs because it requires small quantities of sample, it is simple and more closely mimics rheological tests used on the final product, pasta. The optimal conditions for measuring PDV are discussed.

A field study conducted at two sites over 3 yr determined that malting quality in barley was influenced largely by environmental and genetic (genotype) factors. Fertility management had a lesser effect, with N fertilizer application having the largest component effect. Results suggest that producers will be limited in their management options when striving for optimal malting quality in barley. Key words: Malting barley, fertilizer management, interactions