The Münch-Bellinghausen collection of botanical illustrations comprises around 10,000 prints and drawings documenting vascular plants. Gathered by Konstantin Freiherr von Münch-Bellinghausen (1752–1838) sometime between circa 1790 and circa 1836, this material remained in the hands of his descendants until it was donated to the Society for the Foundation and Maintenance of a Free Catholic University in Salzburg in 1904. Deposited on loan in the nascent Haus der Natur in 1924, the collection was donated to this natural history museum in 2015. Arranged according to the Linnaean system as interpreted by Kurt Sprengel (1766–1833) in the sixteenth edition of the Systema vegetabilium (1824–1828), the collection serves as a time capsule with the illustrations in various formats kept loose in folders. The overwhelming majority are prints taken from a broad spectrum of sources; drawings make up only a small fraction of the whole. There is neither a geographical nor taxonomic focus, though many prints originate from illustrated books published in Vienna. Amongst the watercolours copies of both preexistent prints and new illustrations based on plant specimens are found. Of particular interest is a watercolour ascribed to Franz Anton Scheidl (1731–1801) documenting seed cones of Pinus nigra Arnold, and a colour print illustrating Lilium pomponium L. from a scarcely known early ‘print-on-demand’ re-edition of individual engravings first published in Pierre-Joseph Redouté’s Les Liliacées (1802).

Anemone hortensis L. was typified on a specimen with red flowers and obovate tepals cultivated in the Netherlands, originally introduced from the eastern Mediterranean. This red-flowered variant of the species has been in cultivation in northern Europe since the 16th century and is now widely naturalised in northwest Italy and southeast and southwest France. Anemone fulgens (DC.) Rchb., also with red flowers, is shown to be a synonym of A. hortensis. Anemone pavonina Lam. is revealed to have been based on a teratological red-flowered specimen of A. hortensis with multiple tepals and is recognised here as A. hortensis var. pavonina (Lam.) Gren. and Godr. Plants across the range of the species with lanceolate, frequently lilac or purple tepals, which are often incorrectly attributed to A. pavonina, are shown to be A. hortensis var. stellata Gren. and Godr. Plants endemic to Crete and its adjacent islands, with elliptic white or pale pinkish flowers, are recognised as A. hortensis var. heldreichii (Boiss.) Halácsy. A total of 16 lectotypes and one neotype are designated, and a key to the varieties within A. hortensis is provided along with synonymic conspectuses. The new combination A. hortensis f. regina (Risso) J. Compton is made to identify plants with red or purple flowers having a zone of yellow or white at the base of each tepal, collectively forming a pale central circle within the flower.

The M & uuml;nch-Bellinghausen collection of botanical illustrations comprises around 10,000 prints and drawings documenting vascular plants. Gathered by Konstantin Freiherr von M & uuml;nch-Bellinghausen (1752-1838) sometime between circa 1790 and circa 1836, this material remained in the hands of his descendants until it was donated to the Society for the Foundation and Maintenance of a Free Catholic University in Salzburg in 1904. Deposited on loan in the nascent Haus der Natur in 1924, the collection was donated to this natural history museum in 2015. Arranged according to the Linnaean system as interpreted by Kurt Sprengel (1766-1833) in the sixteenth edition of the Systema vegetabilium (1824-1828), the collection serves as a time capsule with the illustrations in various formats kept loose in folders. The overwhelming majority are prints taken from a broad spectrum of sources; drawings make up only a small fraction of the whole. There is neither a geographical nor taxonomic focus, though many prints originate from illustrated books published in Vienna. Amongst the watercolours copies of both preexistent prints and new illustrations based on plant specimens are found. Of particular interest is a watercolour ascribed to Franz Anton Scheidl (1731-1801) documenting seed cones of Pinus nigra Arnold, and a colour print illustrating Lilium pomponium L. from a scarcely known early 'print-on-demand' re-edition of individual engravings first published in Pierre-Joseph Redout & eacute;'s Les Liliac & eacute;es (1802).

The status and origin of the species Pelargonium adulterinum L'H & eacute;r. (Geraniaceae) from the Western Cape of South Africa and its correct authorship are discussed. It is shown that L'H & eacute;ritier not Aiton is the author of the name. A lectotype originating from L'H & eacute;ritier's herbarium is designated on a collection kept in Candolle's herbarium (G-DC). The later name P. semitrilobum Jacq. is shown to be synonymous and a lectotype is designated originating from Jacquin's collections now in Vienna (W).

Thunberg encountered nine species of Lilium during his visit to Japan in 1776. Of these, L. lancifolium Thunb., L. longiflorum Thunb., L. maculatum Thunb., and L. speciosum Thunb. are all accepted. He also described L. elegans Thunb., a lily that is morphologically similar to L. maculatum. The long-disputed name L. × elegans is confirmed as correctly belonging to the hybrid comprising L. maculatum and L. pensylvanicum Ker Gawl. Thunberg’s working methodology, including that of his illustrators and engravers, is scrutinised concerning the publication of his Japanese lilies. Four lectotypes and a neotype are designated, a full synonymy is listed for L. maculatum and L. × elegans, and keys to the hybrid and its parent species, as well as to the natural varieties within L. maculatum, are provided.

The history and typification of the five species belonging in the genus Galtonia Decne. (Hyacinthaceae) are discussed. Lectotypes are designated for the names Hyacinthus candicans Baker and Ornithogalum saundersiae Baker. The new spontaneous hybrid Galtonia ×ceredigionis J. Compton & Schrire, formed from a natural cross between G. candicans (Baker) Decne. and G. princeps (Baker) Decne., is described.

Four illustrations and two herbarium specimens constitute what could be considered as original material for the name Lilium pyrenaicum Gouan. The history of this species, a full evaluation of each element of the original material and the importance of Linnaeus's discourse with Gouan concerning the species are fully discussed. One of the four illustrations, the engraving in Clusius cited by Gouan, is chosen as the lectotype for the name.

Manuscripts in the Archives of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg reveal the first recorded observations and introductions of Liliumpensylvanicum Ker-Gawl. from Siberia to European Russia. The naming of Liliumpensylvanicum and its attempted renaming to L.dauricum Ker-Gawl. is fully outlined. Lectotypes are designated here for the names Liliumpseudodahuricum M.Fedoss. & S.Fedoss., L.dauricumvar.alpinum N.I.Kuznetsov and L.pensylvanicumf.praecox Vrishcz. The new combination L.pensylvanicumvar.alpinum (N.I.Kuznetsov) J.Compton & Sytin is made and a key is provided to the varieties of L.pensylvanicum.

Summary Narcissus poeticus L. is a notably variable species: this paper explores the history of the name ‘recurvus’ and attempts to shed some light on the issues concerning the correct naming of the variant of N. poeticus that exhibits reflexed or recurved tepals.

(2855) Lilium humboldtii J.H. Krelage in Gard. Chron. 1870: 1402. 22 Oct 1870 [Angiosp.: Lil.], nom. cons. prop. Typus: [icon] “Lilium Humboldtii Roezl et Leichtlin” in Gartenflora 21: t. 724. 1872. (=) Lilium puberulum (Torr.) Leichtlin in J. Soc. Imp. Centr. Hort., ser. 2, 4: 217. Mai 1870 (L. canadense var. puberulum Torr., Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4 (5 [No. 4]): 146. Aug–Sep 1857), nom. rej. prop. Lectotypus (vide Compton & Skinner in PhytoKeys 182: 49. 2021): U.S.A., California, Hartweg 2004 (GH barcode 00106407). The bulbous and ornamental genus Lilium L. (Sp. Pl.: 302. 1753) comprises about 125 species worldwide of which 22 occur in North America (Skinner in FNA Ed. Comm., Fl. N. Amer. N. Mexico 26: 172–197. 2002). The history of the Californian species, L. humboldtii J.H. Krelage (in Gard. Chron. 1870: 1402. 1870), has recently been discussed and the name neotypified by the illustration cited above (Compton & Skinner in PhytoKeys 182: 39–55. 2021). As a result of further research, the first author of that paper has recognized that publication of the synonymous L. puberulum (Torr.) Leichtlin (in J. Soc. Imp. Centr. Hort., ser. 2, 4: 217. 1870), based on L. canadense L. var. puberulum Torr. (Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4 (5 [No. 4]): 146. 1857), for which a lectotype was designated in the same publication (Compton & Skinner, l.c.), predates the publication of L. humboldtii. According to Art. 11.4 of the ICN (Turland & al. in Regnum Veg. 159. 2018), L. puberulum, therefore, has priority over L. humboldtii. The species has had an important role in North American lily hybridization. It is sold to lily enthusiasts in California (e.g., https://www.calfloranursery.com/plants/lilium-humboldtii-ssp-humboldtii) and by at least one U.K. nursery (https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/nurseries-search-result?query=10185) (all online resources accessed 2 Nov 2021). The precise date of publication of the name Lilium humboldtii was 22 October 1870 in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for that year in which the name was included with a short description among other Lilium species in an advertisement by E.H. Krelage & Sons, nurserymen and seedsmen of Haarlem in Holland. Following consultation with John Wiersema (US) and John McNeill (E) it was decided that the description, albeit a short one, has enough descriptive matter to satisfy Art. 38.1 of the ICN. There is no obvious method of determining the date when Lilium puberulum (Torr.) Leichtlin (l.c.) was published precisely to the day. The combination appears in the fourth part (“cahier”) of the volume, and in the Printer's Key to that part is printed “2e Série, T. IV. — Avril 1870” (J. Soc. Imp. Centr. Hort., ser. 2, 4: 193. 1870). This April issue ran from pages 193 to 256. The President of the Société Impériale et Centrale d'Horticulture de France, Louis Bouchard-Huzard, mentioned in his Introduction to that volume that the Journal was “publie mensuellement” (J. Soc. Imp. Centr. Hort., ser. 2, 4: vi. 1870). The reports of the meetings (“séances”) of the Société for that month were included in the issue, so, in addition to the “Notes et Mémoires” in which L. puberulum was published, there were reports (“Procés Verbaux”) of the meetings on 14 and 28 April 1870. None of the monthly issues carries a date of publication except for the ninth, unusually covering the four months September to December 1870, that was not published until 26 April 1871. This was evidently the result of the immense disruption caused by the Franco-Prussian war (19 July 1870 to 29 January 1871). That this is the only recorded date strongly suggests that publication of each issue took place soon after the end of the month involved, so it is safe to assume that the approximate date of publication for this new combination would therefore have been sometime during the month of May 1870. Even if, for some reason, there had been some weeks delay, the publication of L. puberulum would still predate that of L. humboldtii by several months. The new combination was made in the first of a series of nine articles on the genus Lilium written by Duchartre, five in that volume and four in that for 1871. Duchartre's nine articles described and discussed the lilies cultivated in the garden of his friend Maximilian [“Max”] Leichtlin in Carlsruhe [Karlsruhe]. Leichtlin sent a list of all the lilies he cultivated to Duchartre, who requested Leichtlin's permission to publish it: “M. Max Leichtlin a bien voulu dernièrement me communiquer la liste des espèces et variétés de Lis qu'il possède, et sur ma demande, il m'a autorisé à la publier” (Duchartre in J. Soc. Imp. Centr. Hort., ser. 2, 4: 214. 1870). The list of names, along with this new combination, is therefore attributable to Leichtlin and not to Duchartre. The entry in which the new combination was published included an exclamation mark and the letters “n” and “r” along with the name: “Lilium ! ! puberulum Torr. n. r.”. This is an unambiguous indirect reference to Torrey's earlier varietal name as its basionym, with the symbol “!” explained to be Leichtlin's certainty of the plant's identity and the letters “n” representing the name as new and “r” that it was remarkable (Duchartre, l.c.: 215). There are very few records of the name Lilium puberulum to be found on the internet and none that imply that this name is currently in use. Where it does occur, the name is cited either as a variety of L. canadense, a completely different species from the eastern U.S.A., or as a synonym of L. humboldtii, e.g., https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=22209; http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/537747-1). It was, however, used correctly by Waugh (in Bot. Gaz. 27: 343. 1899), Bailey (Cycl. Amer. Hort.: 921. 1900), and Sedgwick (The Garden, Month by Month: 200, 304. 1907) but has not been taken up since then. In contrast there are dozens of examples of the use of L. humboldtii in local and regional floras in the U.S.A., in articles published in several different languages, and in worldwide databases such as GBIF.org, Tropicos.org, and plantsoftheworldonline.org. Some recent examples of floristic inclusions of L. humboldtii and/or its subspecies, L. humboldtii subsp. ocellatum (Kellogg) Thorne (in Aliso 9: 195. 1978), based on L. bloomerianum var. ocellatum Kellogg (in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5: 88. 1873), are: Smith, Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Endemic Calif. [in Bot. Stud. 42]. 2020 (https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/42/), Laskey & al. in Diversity 12(11): 427. 2020, and Pacific Bulb Soc. – https://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Lilium_humboldtii. The aim of this proposal is to preserve and maintain the current usage of the name Lilium humboldtii J.H. Krelage and not require adoption of the long-forgotten L. puberulum (Torr.) Leichtlin.

The inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) is one of the most derived clades within the subfamily Papilionoideae of the legume family, and includes various economically important plants, e.g., chickpeas, peas, liquorice, and the largest genus of angiosperms, Astragalus. Tribe Wisterieae is one of the earliest diverged groups of the IRLC, and its generic delimitation and spatiotemporal diversification needs further clarifications. Based on genome skimming data, we herein reconstruct the phylogenomic framework of the IRLC, and infer the inter-generic relationships and historical biogeography of Wisterieae. We redefine tribe Caraganeae to contain Caragana only, and tribe Astragaleae is reduced to the Erophaca-Astragalean clade. The chloroplast capture scenario was hypothesized as the most plausible explanation of the topological incongruences between the chloroplast CDSs and nuclear ribosomal DNA trees in both the Glycyrrhizinae-Adinobotrys-Wisterieae clade and the Chesneyeae-Caraganeae-Hedysareae clade. A new name, Caragana lidou L. Duan & Z.Y. Chang, is proposed within Caraganeae. Thirteen genera are herein supported within Wisterieae, including a new genus, Villosocallerya L. Duan, J. Compton & Schrire, segregated from Callerya. Our biogeographic analyses suggest that Wisterieae originated in the late Eocene and its most recent common ancestor (MRCA) was distributed in continental southeastern Asia. Lineages of Wisterieae remained in the ancestral area from the early Oligocene to the early Miocene. By the middle Miocene, Whitfordiodendron and the MRCA of Callerya-Kanburia-Villosocallerya Clade became disjunct between the Sunda area and continental southeastern Asia, respectively; the MRCA of Wisteria migrated to North America via the Bering land bridge. The ancestor of Austrocallerya and Padbruggea migrated to the Wallacea-Oceania area, which split in the early Pliocene. In the Pleistocene, Wisteria brachybotrys, W. floribunda and Wisteriopsis japonica reached Japan, and Callerya cinerea dispersed to South Asia. This study provides a solid phylogenomic for further evolutionary/biogeographic/systematic investigations on the ecologically diverse and economically important IRLC legumes.

Within the legume family, the taxonomic status of subtribe Glycyrrhizinae of tribe Galegeae and of the genus Adinobotrys has been re-assessed. Based on genome skimming data, we conducted phylogenomic analyses of the inverted repeat-lacking clade within subfamily Papilionoideae. The results support the sister relationship between Glycyrrhizeae and Adinobotrys . Glycyrrhizeae is resurrected based on Glycyrrhiza and Glycyrrhizopsis , and a new tribe, Adinobotryeae, is proposed to accommodate Adinobotrys .

SummaryIn this paper the plant described by James Backhouse in Australia and sent by him to England as a species of Wisteria Nutt. is revealed to be a member of the Australasian genus Callerya Endl. The plant named in memory of Backhouse, however, is shown to be a dark flowered cultivar of the North American Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir. described as W. frutescens var. backhousiana Andre.

SummaryThe history of the Japanese Wisteria with the longest racemes is fully investigated, with a review of all the names applied to it. The name W. macrobotrys is shown to belong to a different cultivar group now widely grown under the names ‘Burford’, ‘Honko’ and ‘Hocker Edge’. The new combination W. floribunda f. multijuga (Van Houtte) J. Compton & G. Thijsse is made in order to establish long‐term nomenclatural stability. A lectotype is designated for the hybrid name W. × formosa Rehder.

SummaryThe history ofWisteria frutescens(L.) Poir. is discussed, with particular reference to those associated with its discovery in South Carolina, its transmission to Europe, and its initial cultivation in England and the Dutch Republic. A brief appraisal is given of those natural historians associated with the species in the interconnected worlds of medicine, botany, botanical art and horticulture in the early 18th century whose efforts enabled the Carolina kidney bean tree to be discovered, described and distributed. A description ofWisteria frutescens,with a key to the two varieties, is provided. A lectotype is chosen for the nameGlycine frutescensvar.magnificaHérincq and neotypes are selected for the namesDiplonyx elegansRaf. andThyrsanthus floridanaCroom.