The introduction of innovative digital tools for supporting manufacturing processes has far-reaching effects at an organizational and individual level due to the development of Industry 4.0. The FACTS4WORKERS project funded by H2020, i.e., Worker-Centric Workplaces in Smart Factories, aims to develop user-centered assistance systems in order to demonstrate their impact and applicability at the shop floor. To achieve this, understanding how to develop such tools is as important as assessing if advantages can be derived from the ICT system created. This study introduces the technology of a workplace solution linked to the industrial challenge of self-learning manufacturing workplaces. Subsequently, a two-step approach to evaluate the presented system is discussed, consisting of the one used in FACTS4WORKERS and the one used in the "Heuristics for Industry 4.0" project. Both approaches and the use case are introduced as a base for presenting the comparison of the results collected in this paper. The comparison of the results for the presented use case is extended with the results for the rest of the FACTS4WORKERS use cases and with future work in the framework.

Online advertising services infer interest profiles based on users browsing behavior, but little is known about the extent of these profiles and how they can be influenced. In this paper we describe and evaluate a system to analyze online profiling as a black box by simulating web browsing sessions based on links posted to Reddit. The study utilizes Oracle's Bluekai Registry to gain insights into profiles created through online tracking and evaluates how they can be obfuscated. We report on the extent of Bluekai's tracking network and taxonomy, analyze how profiles are shown to users, and observe how they develop for sessions of up to 3,000 website visits. Our results show that only a fraction of websites influence the interests assigned to a session's profile, that the profiles themselves are very noisy, and that identical browsing behavior results in different profiles. We evaluate two simple obfuscation schemes that effectively alter interest profiles by selectively adding 5% targeted obfuscation traffic.

It is well-known that the introduction of innovative digital tools in manufacturing due to Industry 4.0 has far-reaching effects on an organizational and on an individual level. The H2020 funded project FACTS4WORKERS - Worker-Centric Workplaces in Smart Factories - aims to develop user-centered assistance systems in order to demonstrate their impact and applicability at the shop floor. To do so it is important to understand how to develop such tools and how to assess if advantages can be derived from the created ICT system. This study introduces the technology of a workplace solution that is linked to a specific industrial challenge. Subsequently, a 2-stepped approach to evaluate the presented system is discussed. Heuristics, which are an output of project "Heuristics for Industry 4.0" are used to test if the developed solution covers critical aspects of socio-technical system design. Insights into the design, development and holistic evaluation of digital tools at the shop floor should be shown.

Zur Unterstützung von Teams, die sich in agilen Arbeitskontexten befinden, wurde ein sozio-technisches Konzept entwickelt, das die Reflektion der für Kreativität relevanten Faktoren des Arbeitsklimas unterstützt. Als Basis dieser Reflektion dienen die Einschätzungen von Mitarbeitern und Mitarbeiterinnen zu Themen wie Autonomie, Stress oder aktivierender Führung. Neben der Integration des Systems in den Arbeitsalltag bildete die Erhaltung der Akzeptanz gegenüber dieser kontinuierlichen Befragung die primäre Herausforderung. Ergebnis ist ein ICT-gestütztes Befragungssystem, welches Mitarbeitern und Mitarbeiterinnen eine hohe Selbstbestimmung über die Art und Intensität ihrer Partizipation gewährt.

The creativeness of a company's employees depends on the characteristics of working climates, e.g. autonomy or appropriate workload. Tools for their assessment exist, but the frequency of their application is too low to detect the relevant dynamics which characterize the varying challenges of agile and learning organizations. The evaluation of a first prototype to monitor these dynamics by frequently repeating a common online employee survey revealed relevant features to overcome a lack of acceptance of answering the same question items in repetition.Three variables were identified which influence the acceptance of a repeated question: The time since it had last been answered, the user's current willingness to participate and the user's situation. Based on these variables, a new prototype offers users more self-determination in their rate of participation, allows for assigning dynamic repetition rates to every question item, and exploits context information to optimize the prompting of users.

A prompt is a message that is delivered to somebody in a selected situation as an appeal to do something which is possible, but not necessary. To design prompts, we propose the principles of being optional, comprehensible, actionable, purposeful, just in time, unobtrusive, controllable by the user and user specific. The three last-named principles are especially relevant in systems where user acceptance is a critical factor of success. A continuous survey in which that is the case is presented as a case study.

This paper introduces Situational Frames as a tool to bridge the gap between the big picture view that Journey Maps provide and the detailed information that is needed to design a system in terms of concrete information architecture, data models and interfaces. Modelling Situational Frames can also disclose opportunities for improvement of system design by identifying recurring actors and artefacts, as well as their interplay and transitions throughout the journey. How Situational Frames are created is shown with the example of a business trip, focusing on the initial phases of planning and booking.

Die Arbeit behandelt die Gestaltung und Informationstechnische Unterstutzung einer kontinuierlichen Mitarbeiterbefragung. Fokus liegt auf der sich wiederholenden Sammlung von Daten von Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern. Im Rahmen der Dissertation wird ein Befragungs-System entwickelt, welches situativ die Dringlichkeit, ein Item der kontinuierlichen Befragung zu beantworten, mit der Momentanen Bereitschaft der Nutzerin oder des Nutzers, dies zu tun, abwagt. Hierbei wird Rucksicht auf intra- und interpersonelle Unterschiede in der Menge der Antworten pro Zeit, die ein Benutzer oder eine Benutzerin bereit ist abzugeben, genommen. Oberste Direktive ist es, die freiwillige Teilnahme an der Befragung aufrechtzuerhalten indem Belastigungen durch das System vermieden werden.

Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Entwicklung und Einführung einer Software zur Unterstützung kollaborativer Reflexion am Arbeitsplatz vor. Dabei wurden schon während früher Entwicklungsphasen Datenschutzfragen viel Ra um eingeräumt und im weiteren durch enge Einbindung verschiedener Akt ure, etwa durch Workshops und Fragebögen, versucht theoretische Konzepte d es Privacy By Design in den agilen Softwareentwicklungsprozess einzubinden.

An approach has been designed and tested for computer-supported, repetitive micro surveys which measure dynamic changes of an organization's creativity climate. Employees are unobtrusively prompted to occasionally answer single questions. The main challenges are to ensure acceptance and to maintain a high participation. This is done by guaranteeing anonymity, avoiding perturbation and distraction, giving valuable feedback, and defining a framework of when and how the survey's results are being handled. This article describes the setup in which the service was first tested in several companies, the results and feedback given by the users and our approach to improve the KreativBarometer for the next phase of field tests.

An approach has been designed for computer-supported micro surveys which measure dynamic changes of an organization's creativity climate. Employees are unobtrusively prompted to occasionally answer single questions. The main challenges are to ensure acceptance and to maintain a high participation. This is done by guaranteeing anonymity, avoiding perturbation and distraction, giving valuable feedback, and including aspects of entertainment.