Solid-state batteries with Li alloy anodes offer enhanced safety and energy density. However, many studies still rely on high stack pressures, while low stack pressure operation is essential for practical application. This work establishes a general electro-chemo-mechanical framework that enables rational pairing of alloy anodes and solid electrolytes by predicting the critical stack pressure required for interfacial stability under practical operating conditions. Based on thermodynamic and mechanical factors, our findings identified three design principles for achieving low stack pressure: (1) applying highly conductive and mechanically compliant solid electrolytes; (2) using Li-rich and hard alloy anodes; and (3) optimizing external conditions through smooth interfaces, low applied current densities, and elevated temperatures. Experimental results demonstrate that the LiAl alloy paired with Li6PS5Cl electrolyte exhibits stable cycling performance and smooth interfacial morphology above the critical stack pressure, while poor performance with rough morphology has been observed below it. These findings provide key principles for achieving low stack pressure in solid-state batteries.

ABSTRACT Solid‐state batteries with Li alloy anodes offer enhanced safety and energy density. However, many studies still rely on high stack pressures, while low stack pressure operation is essential for practical application. This work establishes a general electro‐chemo‐mechanical framework that enables rational pairing of alloy anodes and solid electrolytes by predicting the critical stack pressure required for interfacial stability under practical operating conditions. Based on thermodynamic and mechanical factors, our findings identified three design principles for achieving low stack pressure: (1) applying highly conductive and mechanically compliant solid electrolytes; (2) using Li‐rich and hard alloy anodes; and (3) optimizing external conditions through smooth interfaces, low applied current densities, and elevated temperatures. Experimental results demonstrate that the LiAl alloy paired with Li 6 PS 5 Cl electrolyte exhibits stable cycling performance and smooth interfacial morphology above the critical stack pressure, while poor performance with rough morphology has been observed below it. These findings provide key principles for achieving low stack pressure in solid‐state batteries.

Bromine (Br), mostly extracted from nature, plays an essential role in the form of organobromides in various goods, including electronics, vehicles and furniture. At the same time, Br is continuously released into the environment in the form of persistent brominated pollutants upon the retirement of those goods, causing severe environmental consequences and loss of resources. Here we propose a catalytic strategy that enables the selective and mild-condition conversion of all organobromides present in wastes into renewed bromides for Br recycling. It employs Ullmann-type reactions enabled by inexpensive Cu(I), simple ligands and hydroxides in DMSO-H2O solvent. This strategy achieved >95% bromide yields at a temperature <= 120 degrees C for complex real-world Br-laden wastes. It can produce bromide-rich solution amenable to Br-2 production, as demonstrated by the inorganicization-evaporation-oxidation process, and recoverable debrominated solids with preserved chemical states. Mechanistic studies revealed a full debromination framework encompassing diverse activated pathways. This work provides a viable approach for Br recycling and potentially facilitates a circular and sustainable anthropogenic Br flow.

Wet-crushing with aqueous media protection is considered safer and more efficient than common inert-gas protected dry-crushing in preprocessing spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, it is also accompanied with the releasement and transformation of hazardous electrolyte, while the mechanisms and pollution impact yet remain unknown. Based on a self-built wet-crushing system, this topic was systematically investigated here. It was found that water might provide efficient cooling to the hazardous electrolyte, while dissolution was a major electrolyte migration pathway. Consequently, nearly 90% lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) could be dissolved with little decomposition in 4min, and no fluorine and phosphorus was found emitting as gas. Electrolyte organics also suffered rapid dissolution, but emission via thermal gasification, or re-emission from water via evaporation and saturation existed. Fluorine and so forth may precipitate back to the solids. Water temperature and dissolved electrolyte content were found to be the major influencing factor for the above migration and transformations, and solubility can be used as reference. Suggestions about the future wet-crushing process design with hazardous electrolyte control were proposed. Corresponding treatment strategies for exhausted gas and electrolyte enriched circulating water were discussed. These findings and suggestions would help the improvement and implementation of wet-crushing technique.

The recycling of anode graphite plays a crucial role in the overall recycling process of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this study an environmentally friendly and cost-effective recycling method was proposed. The spent graphite (SG) from LIBs was used to prepare graphene nanoplates (GNP) materials through a mechanochemical process without any additives. To figure out the mechanochemical mechanism within, we set the control group with pure graphite (PG). Characterization of SG and PG produced materials using XRD, Raman, XPS, IR, and BET analyses revealed the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of SG-based GNP materials, along with a high specific surface area of 275.4 m2/g and pore volume of 0.568 cm3/g. Through an in-depth investigation of the electrochemical capacity of the GNP materials fabricated by SG, the specific capacitance per unit area of the graphite material is 10.10μF/cm2, revealing the intricate pore structure of GNP materials primarily contributes to the electrochemical capacity.

Refuse-derived fuel plays a crucial role in waste-to-energy applications, offering a sustainable solution to mitigate global warming and waste management challenges. However, chlorine contamination in RDF poses significant industrial challenges, including severe boiler corrosion, unplanned downtime, and toxic gas emissions, highlighting the urgent need for efficient chlorine detection and removal. This study proposes a methodology combining near-infrared spectroscopy with deep learning architectures, including ResNet and CNN. A fuzzy labeling approach was implemented to enhance the adaptability of sorting to chlorine levels compared to binary classification. A dataset with 35 typical industrial solid wastes including textile, plastics and artificial leathers containing chlorine from 0 % to 34 % was built. Under simulated industrial conditions, the ResNet-based model achieved a classification accuracy of 87.6 % for new RDF materials. This advancement provides a reliable, scalable solution for detecting chlorine in diverse RDF scenarios, marking a substantial step forward in waste-to energy processing and offering practical benefits to the industry.

The cost-effective upcycling method of waste anode graphite (SG) presents an important challenge within the field of spent lithium-ion battery recycling. In this study, waste graphite was recovered from waste lithium-ion batteries by a one-step mechanochemical method and the high-efficiency graphene-based adsorbent OMG17 was synthesized. Following this, titanium dioxide microspheres (TiO2) were integrated through electrostatic self-assembly to create an in situ photo-regeneration adsorbent, referred to as OMG17@TiO2. The synthesized OMG17@TiO2 exhibits a well-developed pore structure, characterized by regular crack-like pores and an abundance of functional groups. Furthermore, OMG17@TiO2 was fabricated into a membrane via the vacuum filtration method, enhancing its practicality for collection in water bodies. The results indicate that the adsorption capacities of OMG17@TiO2 for methylene blue and rhodamine B reached 673.67 and 966.58 mg/g, respectively, as determined by the Langmuir isothermal model, significantly exceeding the performance of comparable graphitic adsorbents. Additionally, the regeneration efficiency achieved through ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was found to be as high as 70%. In contrast to traditional desorption methods, the in situ photo-regeneration approach offers distinct advantages in preserving the structural integrity of the material, including the maintenance of pore structure and recovery of specific surface area. Through density functional theory calculations and an examination of the adsorption mechanism, it was established that the pore structure and oxygen-containing functional groups are the primary determinants of the adsorption capacity, while the in situ degradation of pollutants within the pores via UV light serves as the principal mechanism for regeneration.

Carbon waste poses environmental risks but offers a resource for energy storage materials. This review focuses on converting three representative carbon wastes—biomass, plastics, and spent lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes—into graphene-based materials for supercapacitors (SCs) and LIBs, analyzing preparation methods and trends. Biomass conversion research is comprehensive, targeting fewer layers, porosity, and doping. Waste plastic conversion mainly uses pyrolysis, with flash Joule heating (FJH) emerging, and modified Hummers methods are common for spent graphite. Preparation is device specific: SCs favor activation for high surface area and porosity, while LIB anodes benefit from defects and doping to enhance Li-ion insertion. Ball milling stands out as a potentially scalable and green approach applicable across different wastes. However, studies on upcycling plastics and graphite remain limited, indicating future directions. Critically, this review evaluates secondary pollution, highlighting environmental advantages of mechanical activation, FJH, and modified Hummers methods.

The large amount of biomass components contained in waste excess biological sludge make it a highly potential energy provider. The effective separation of organic and inorganic substances in waste biological sludge is crucial for the resource reuse of sludge. In this study, the vacuum pyrolysis technology has been developed to treat waste excess biological sludge. The product yields were 51.53 wt% residue, 48.47 wt% pyrolysis oil, and pyrolysis gas, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that at 10, 20, and 30 K.min(-1), the E value slightly changed from 11.02 to 12.08 kJ.mol(-1), with corresponding A values of 0.24, 0.46, and 0.74, respectively. High heating rate leads to an increase in reaction rate, but is not conducive to the effective separation of organic compounds. Based on in -situ analysis of vacuum temperature changes, FTIR and XRD indicate that organic functional groups fracture regularly, but inorganic substances do not show significant changes. XPS elemental flow analysis shows that P and S are enriched in residue after reaction, and Mg and Zn may enter the pyrolysis oil and gas. We also studied quality balance and cost evaluation. The total cost of pure air pyrolysis for 1 m(3) dry sludge is approximately $143.375. In summary, the practical application of sludge vacuum pyrolysis technology still faces significant challenges, and this study provides support for improving understanding of the vacuum pyrolysis process of waste excess biological sludge.

Recycling waste refrigerator plastics can effectively reduce waste accumulation and carbon emissions. This study firstly applied the combination of electrostatic separation and magnetic separation in the waste refrigerators production line to recycle High-impact polystyrene (PS) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastics. A cradle-to-gate LCA study of recycling plastic from waste refrigerators was conducted. A carbon emission accounting system for the life cycle of waste plastic recycling was established, each emission unit was identified, the environment impact was analyzed. The results show that disposing waste polyurethane (PU) has the great impacts on eco-toxicity, and the use of high-power machines and Kraft paper packaging has great impacts on resources. The greenhouse gas emission generated during the life cycle is 8.53 kg center dot CO2eq/kWh. The greenhouse gas emission by recycling1kg ABS and HIPS was 2.59 kg center dot CO2eq/kWh and 1.84 kg center dot CO2eq/kWh, which is 84.35% and 61.61% less than producing virgin ABS and HIPS plastic from petrochemical industry. From 2016 to 2030, recycling waste refrigerators can reduce the total of 6452.06 kt waste plastics and greenhouse gas emissions by 370,350 tons. This study provides a scientific basis for exploring waste plastic recycling strategies and promoting green transition of the plastic industry.

The potential for recycling graphitic carbon from lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes has been overlooked due to its relatively low economic value in applications. This study proposed to use graphene nanoplates (GNPs), which were obtained from spent lithium battery anode graphite, treated with ball-milling method, for hydrothermal synthesis of MnO 2 -supported graphene nanoplates (MnO 2 /GNPs) composites materials. The composites exhibited excellent electrochemical characterization curves, indicating ideal capacitance characteristics. The analysis of MG24-20 material showed the good impact resistance and capacity retention around 100% with capacitance of 124.6F/g at 10 mV/s, surpassed similar samples using precious metals and high-end materials, enabling the reuse of spent graphite in energy conversion and storage system for effective utility. Graphical Abstract

The high-temperature sintering of CaO-based materials leads to the serious decay of energy storage performance during the calcination/carbonation cycle. To overcome the loss in porosity problem, an efficient CaO-based material for thermal energy storage was synthesized using bamboo fiber as the biotemplate. The synthesis parameters (bamboo fiber addition, pyrolysis, Al2O3 loading) and the energy storage reaction characteristics of CaO-based energy storage material were optimized on the basis of cyclic calcination/carbonation experiments. The results show that the sacrificed biotemplate enhances the porosity of the synthetic material, denoting improved energy storage density. The cumulative energy storage density of the templated material over 50 cycles is 24,131.44 kJ/kg higher than that of limestone. The carbonation conversion and energy storage density of the templated CaO-based material doped with 5 wt.% Al2O3 and 0.5 g bamboo fiber reach 0.75 mol/mol and 2368.82 kJ/kg after 10 cycles, respectively, which is 2.7 times as high as that of original limestone. The maximum apparent carbonation rate of the templated CaO-based materials in the 1st cycle corresponds to a 240% increment compared to limestone. The maximum calcination rate of the synthetic CaO-based material in the 12th cycle remains 93%, as compared with the initial cycle. The microstructure analysis reveals that the hierarchically-stable structure during the cycle is beneficial for a more effective exposure of surface reactive sites for CaO and inward/outward diffusion for CO2 molecules through CaO. The method using the sacrificed biological template provides an advanced approach to fabricate porous materials, and the composite CaO-based material provides high-return solar energy storage for a potential application in industrial scale.

Resource recycling has taken center stage of global carbon neutrality. In this study, we reclaimed spent graphite (SG) from retired lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and introduced potassium permanganate powder to prepare amorphous MnO2 loaded graphite oxide (AMO@GO) via one-step mechanochemical method for heavy metals adsorption. The synthesized AMO@GO was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Method (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), which illustrated AMO@GO had richer pore structure, ample active groups, strong surface ion exchange activity. These properties made AMO@GO a highly potential adsorbent for aqueous heavy metal contamination. The results showed the adsorption capacities of AMO@GO for Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ in the water body can reach 233.99 mg/g, 353.13 mg/g and 257.95 mg/g respectively (calculated by Langmuir isotherm model), significantly higher than similar graphite-based adsorbents. Through in-depth studies of the adsorption mechanism, we found that the ion exchange of heavy metals with active groups on the surface of graphite oxide and amorphous MnO2 was the main source of sample adsorption capacity.

In software development, issue tracker systems are widely used to manage bug reports. In such a system, a bug report can be filed, diagnosed, assigned, and fixed. In the standard process, a bug can be resolved as fixed, invalid, duplicated, or won't fix. Although the above resolutions are well-defined and easy to understand, a bug report can end with a less -known resolution, i.e., a workaround. Compared with other resolutions, the definition of workarounds is more ambiguous. Besides the problem that is reported in a bug report, the resolution of a workaround raises more questions. Some questions are important for users, especially those programmers who build their projects upon others (e.g., libraries). Although some early studies have been conducted to analyze API workarounds, many research questions on workarounds are still open. For example, which bugs are resolved as workarounds? Why is a bug report resolved as a workaround? What are the repairs and impacts of workarounds? In this paper, we conduct the first empirical study to explore the above research questions. In particular, we analyzed 200 real workarounds that were collected from 81 Apache projects. Our results lead to eight findings and answers to all the above questions. For example, if bug reports are resolved as workarounds, their problems often either arise in external projects (40%) or reside in programming environments (23.5%). Although the problems of some workarounds (38.5%) reside in the project where they are reported, it is difficult to fix them fully and perfectly. Our findings are useful to understand workarounds, and to improve software projects and issue trackers.

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) have attracted a great deal of interest; however, their poor room temperature ionic conductivities still impede their practical application in lithium-ion batteries. Although the polymer blend is considered to be an effective strategy to improve ionic conductivity of SPEs, no quantitative model describing the ion conduction mechanism in polymer blends has yet been identified, and the interplay between the components has not been well elucidated. In this work, we focus on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based electrolytes blended with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with systematically changed component ratios. A maximum ionic conductivity of 1.4 x 10(-4) S/cm at 30 degrees C is achieved by accelerated interfacial and segmental dynamics, together with decreased charge-concentrated layers, which promote ion concentration. We demonstrate that both segmental motion and interfacial polarization quantitatively determine ion conduction in polymer blends. Flory-Huggins interaction parameters unveil the thermodynamic interaction between the components and are directly related to the ionic conductivity of polymer blend electrolytes. Furthermore, the polymer blend enables viable applications of the SPE with fairly good ionic conductivity and allows the LFP||Li cell to deliver a discharge-specific capacity of similar to 113.5 mAh/g at 1 C and a capacity retention of similar to 70% after 100 cycles.

The utilization of supported amines as adsorbents in direct air capture (DAC) has been demonstrated to be a promising strategy for the reduction of CO 2 emissions. To improve the performance of amine‐based adsorbents, the incorporation of additives has been widely adopted. In the present study, we conduct a comprehensive comparison of seven additives on tetraethylenepentamine‐impregnated mesoporous silica as a representative amine‐based adsorbent. The results indicate that minor molecular weight additives with hydroxyl groups show improved adsorption–desorption performance and increase oxidative stability. A proposed mechanism for these improvements is the combined physical and chemical promotion effects of hydroxyl groups. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, it is found that the effects of additives on amine‐based adsorbents are dependent on factors, such as additive type, pristine adsorbent properties, incorporation method, and testing conditions. Based on these findings, it is recommended that future DAC systems prioritize the use of hydroxyl‐containing additives, whereas higher CO 2 concentration and temperature capture may benefit from the incorporation of additives without hydroxyl groups. These conclusions are expected to contribute to the design of efficient adsorbents for CO 2 capture.

21世纪以来,随着免疫学基础研究、临床研究和生物技术的进展,自身免疫性疾病的治疗走入了令人振奋的新时期.研究者们提出了以免疫分子为核心,重新解析免疫和炎症性疾病的概念[1].对发病机制更深入的认识有力地推动了自身免疫病病因驱动的靶向治疗,加速了生物制剂和小分子信号通路抑制剂的开发.这不仅让众多患者看到了新的希望,也对风湿免疫科医师提出了更大的挑战,例如如何识别相同疾病表型个体独特的遗传学和免疫学特征;如何实现传统药物和靶向药物合理的个体化选择和切换;如何预测和防治免疫漂移和免疫重构造成的继发耐药和不良反应等.其中,靶向药物治疗的感染风险及其预后是当前关注的热点之一.感染既可以是疾病致命的合并症,也可以成为疾病发病和活动的扳机.因此,对靶向治疗更全面的认知将有助于优化治疗人群,改善疾病预后,提高患者的生活质量,减少国家医疗经济负担.

The increase in global population and improvement of living standards have stirred up a continuous increase in solid waste generation, while simple incineration and landfilling bring about serious environmental and health concerns. In order to improve resource recovery and mitigate pollution, non-contacting and nondestructive sensor-based waste sorting systems are applied to enhance solid waste classification. In recent years, in addition to the rapid development of computer hardware, especially improvements of GPU computing capacity, complicated and efficient classification algorithms have emerged and been widely used in industrial sectors. These advances allow computers to process signals from sensors more quickly and accurately and to classify matters automatically. This article introduces widely applied sensor-based technologies in solid waste sorting and analyzes applicable conditions for each specific method. The latest developed algorithms are critically compared with competitive counterparts. Successful practices are described, and findings are highlighted. Though spectroscopic-based and vision-based waste classifications have achieved high performance in accuracy and detection speed, challenges and future directions can still provide wide development opportunities. Concretely, these opportunities generally comprise classification of indistinct plastics, application of the latest object detection algorithms, appropriate data set formulating, and sensor combination for multiple sorting tasks within a single system.

目的 探讨BCOR/BCORL1突变的髓系肿瘤患者的共突变基因表达谱,分析其病理参数及临床意义.方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年8月在上海交通大学附属第一人民医院确诊的47例BCOR/BCORL1突变的髓系肿瘤患者.运用二代测序技术分析患者的基因共突变表达谱,采用两独立样本秩和检验分析BCOR/BCORL1突变患者病理参数之间的差异.通过Kaplan-Meier分析突变位置和治疗方法对患者无病生存(DFS)时间和总生存(OS)时间的影响.结果 急性髓系白血病(AML)患者以点突变为主(51.1％),骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)和MDS/骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPN)患者以移码突变、错义突变和无义突变为主(19.1％),二者分布差异具有统计学意义(χ2=7.458,P=0.006).伴代谢酶组突变患者白细胞计数(Z=-3.500,P=0.018)、血小板计数(Z=82.500,P=0.027)、血浆纤维蛋白原(Fib)含量(Z=-0.935,P=0.008)和凝血酶时间(Z=0.800,P=0.027)与野生型患者相比差异均有统计学意义;伴甲基化组突变患者血浆Fib含量(Z=-0.855,P=0.030)、伴信号传导通路组突变患者的白细胞计数(Z=5.500,P=0.019)和转录因子组突变患者凝血酶原时间(Z=-1.600,P=0.008)与野生型患者相比差异有统计学意义.结构域突变患者中位DFS时间明显短于非结构域突变患者(χ2=4.920,P=0.027).与未移植组患者相比,移植组患者中位DFS时间和中位OS时间显著延长(χ2=7.703,P=0.006;χ2=13.380,P=0.000).结论 BCOR/BCORL1突变的髓系肿瘤患者的共突变基因与白细胞计数、血浆Fib等临床病理参数密切相关.异基因造血干细胞移植可有效改善此类突变患者预后.

针对通用型无参考图像质量评价(NR-IQA)算法,提出一种基于伪参考图像显著性深层特征的评价算法.首先,在失真图像的基础上,利用微调的ConSinGAN模型生成相应的伪参考图像作为失真图像的补偿信息,弥补NR-IQA算法缺少真实参考信息的不足;然后,提取伪参考图像的显著性信息,将伪参考显著性图像与失真图像输入到VGG16网络中提取深层特征;最后,融合二者的深层特征并将其映射到由全连接层组成的回归网络中,从而产生与人类视觉一致的质量预测.为了验证算法的有效性,在四个大型公开的图像数据集TID2013、TID2008、CSIQ与LIVE上进行实验,结果显示所提算法在TID2013数据集上的斯皮尔曼秩相关系数(SROCC)比H-IQA算法提升了5个百分点,比RankIQA算法提升了14个百分点,针对单一失真类型也具有稳定的性能.实验结果表明,所提算法总体表现优于现有主流全参考图像质量评价(FR-IQA)和NR-IQA算法,与人类主观感知表现一致.