Herbivore attacks or some pathogen infections typically begin with wounding of plant tissues, yet the transcriptional dynamics of wound-induced responses in the monocot rice remain incompletely understood. Here, we conducted a time-series transcriptome analysis of mechanically wounded rice leaves. Temporal expression patterns were observed even in untreated plants, particularly at dusk. To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we compared wounded and unwounded (control) plants at corresponding time points. Jasmonate-related genes, including 18 biosynthetic and 13 catabolic genes, were significantly up-regulated. Consistently, jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine were rapidly accumulated in wounded tissues within 1 h, followed by JA catabolites after 3 h. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of upregulated DEGs revealed early- and late-responsive gene modules. Early-expressed genes included putative regulators such as transcription factors, kinases, abscisic acid pathway components, and small peptide-coding genes, while late-responsive genes were primarily involved in specialized metabolite biosynthesis (e.g., phenylpropanoids). Targeted metabolomic analysis showed that most phenolamides were highly accumulated in wounded leaves, whereas flavonoid levels were decreased, likely due to altered metabolic flux in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Comparative analysis of leaf folder (LF) larvae- and wound-induced transcriptomes revealed that only 42

Plant defense against herbivores is primarily regulated by the phytohormone jasmonate (JA). At the core, JA signaling is the MYC2 transcription factor (TF) that regulates the expression of an extensive array of defense-related genes. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying MYC2-mediated herbivore resistance in rice are not fully understood. We employed brown planthopper (BPH) bioassays, transcriptional activation assays, transcriptome profiling, targeted metabolomics and cleavage under targets and tagmentation-sequencing analysis to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanism of the JAMYB TF. JAMYB is induced by BPH infestation and is transcriptionally regulated by MYC2. Mutations of JAMYB rendered rice plants susceptible to BPH attacks under laboratory and field conditions, indicating that JAMYB positively contributes to BPH resistance. BPH-elicited biosynthesis of phenolamides and volatile compounds was reduced in jamyb mutants compared with wild-type plants. These specialized metabolites, regulated by JAMYB, function as direct and indirect defenses to deter BPH damage or attract parasitoid wasps of BPH eggs. Furthermore, we found that JAMYB directly binds to AC motifs of key phenylpropanoid pathway genes and activates their expression, likely altering the metabolic flux for phenolamide biosynthesis. This study reveals the role of the MYC2-JAMYB module in JA-mediated rice resistance to BPH.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are multi-step signaling pathways that enable plants to respond to diverse environmental challenges. However, the precise mechanisms and components of MAPK cascades involved in defense responses against herbivores remain poorly understood. Here, we studied the biological function and regulatory mechanism of a herbivore-elicited MAPK cascade by transcriptional activation assays, genetic analysis, protein-protein interaction assays, comparative transcriptome analysis, and chemical quantification. We identified three tandemly arrayed MAPK kinase kinase (MKKK) genes (MKKK55, MKKK62, and MKKK70) on rice Chromosome 1, upregulated in response to brown planthopper (BPH) infestation. These genes are transcriptionally regulated by MYC2, the core regulator of jasmonate (JA) signaling in rice. These MKKKs, together with MKK3 and MPK7/14, form a MAPK cascade that mediates rice responses to herbivore attack. Mutations in any component genes increase rice susceptibility to BPH infestation. Mechanistically, this MAPK signaling cascade enhances physical defenses in rice by increasing cellulose deposition in sclerenchyma cell walls through the regulation of cellulose synthase genes. This study highlights the role of the MYC2-MKKK55/62/70-MKK3-MPK7/14 module in mediating a sector of JA-dependent rice defense against herbivores.

Plants perceive signals associated with herbivore eggs and in response initiate ovicidal defence. However, which phytohormone pathways regulate this defence and which defensive compounds dominate it remains largely unknown. Here, we found that the hatching rate of eggs of white-backed planthopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera was significantly lower on a japonica rice variety P81 than an indica rice variety NB44. When infested by WBPH, P81 plants showed higher jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) responses than did NB44 plants; moreover, P81 plants produced the ovicidal compound benzyl benzoate and exhibited higher levels of some flavonoids, phenolamides, and volatiles than were found in NB44 plants. Impairing the ABA-signalling pathway, especially the JA-signalling pathway in P81 plants enhanced the survival of WBPH eggs. Decreasing levels of some flavonoids and phenolamides in P81 plants promoted WBPH egg survival. In vitro bioassays revealed that both naringenin and sakuranetin promote the ovicidal effect of benzyl benzoate on WBPH. The results demonstrate that JA- and ABA-signalling pathways jointly regulate the rice ovicidal defence against WBPH, and that benzyl benzoate, as well as some other compounds, such as naringenin and sakuranetin, contribute to the mortality of WBPH eggs.

Background: The absence of clinically-validated biomarkers or objective protocols hinders effective major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis. Compared to healthy control (HC), MDD exhibits anomalies in plasma protein levels and neuroimaging presentations. Despite extensive machine learning studies in psychiatric diagnosis, a reliable tool integrating multi-modality data is still lacking. Methods: In this study, blood samples from 100 MDD and 100 HC were analyzed, along with MRI images from 46 MDD and 49 HC. Here, we devised a novel algorithm, integrating graph neural networks and attention modules, for MDD diagnosis based on inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic factors, and Orexin A levels in the blood samples. Model performance was assessed via accuracy and F1 value in 3-fold cross-validation, comparing with 9 traditional algorithms. We then applied our algorithm to a dataset containing both the aforementioned protein quantifications and neuroimages, evaluating if integrating neuroimages into the model improves performance. Results: Compared to HC, MDD showed significant alterations in plasma protein levels and gray matter volume revealed by MRI. Our new algorithm exhibited superior performance, achieving an F1 value and accuracy of 0.9436 and 94.08 %, respectively. Integration of neuroimaging data enhanced our novel algorithm's performance, resulting in an improved F1 value and accuracy, reaching 0.9543 and 95.06 %. Limitations: This single-center study with a small sample size requires future evaluations on a larger test set for improved reliability. Conclusions: In comparison to traditional machine learning models, our newly developed MDD diagnostic model exhibited superior performance and showed promising potential for inclusion in routine clinical diagnosis for MDD.

Plant-mediated interactions between herbivores play an important role in regulating the composition of herbivore community. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, which has become one of the most serious pests on corn in China since it invaded in 2018, has been found feeding rice in the field. However, how FAW interacts with native rice insect pests remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the interaction between FAW and a resident herbivore, striped stem borer (SSB, Chilo suppressalis) on rice. The infestation of rice leaf sheaths (LSs) by SSB larvae systemically enhanced the level of jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TPIs), reduced relative water content (RWC) in leaf blades (LBs), and suppressed the growth of FAW larvae. In contrast, because FAW larvae infested LBs and did not affect defence responses in LSs, they did not influence the performance of SSB larvae. Using different mutants, together with bioassays and chemical analysis, we revealed that SSB-induced suppression of FAW larvae growth depended on both the SSB-activated JA pathway and RWC in LBs, whereas the ABA pathway activated by SSB larvae promoted the growth of FAW larvae by impeding water loss. These results provide new insights into mechanisms underlying plant-mediated interactions between herbivores.

CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing systems have revolutionized plant gene functional studies by enabling the targeted introduction of insertion-deletions (INDELs) via the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway. Frameshift-inducing INDELs can introduce a premature termination codon and, in other instances, can lead to the appearance of new proteins. Here, we found that mutations in the rice jasmonate (JA) signaling gene OsJAZ10 by CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing did not affect canonical JA signaling. However, a type of mutant with an INDEL that yielded a novel frameshift protein named FJ10 (Frameshift mutation of JAZ10), exhibited enhanced rice growth and increased resistance to brown planthopper attacks. Overexpression of FJ10 in wild-type plants phenocopies OsJAZ10 frameshift mutants. Further characterization revealed that FJ10 interacts with Slender Rice 1 (OsSLR1) and F-box/Kelch 16 (OsFBK16). These interactions disrupt the function of OsSLR1 in suppressing gibberellin-mediated growth and the function of OsFBK16 in repressing lignin-mediated defense responses, respectively. Field experiments with FJ10-expressing plants demonstrate that this protein uncouples the growth-defense tradeoff, opening broad avenues to obtain cultivars with enhanced yield without compromised defenses.

Multi-omics technology integrates gene, protein, and metabolic information to construct comprehensive gene regulatory networks. This approach aligns with the complex nature of maize storage, characterized by its multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway processes. This technology offers a holistic view for exploring nutritional changes during maize storage, addressing the challenges of high costs and inefficiency in grain storage. Despite the potential of multi-omics, current research primarily focuses on the fundamental physical and chemical changes during storage, with limited application of omics technologies to understand the underlying quality change mechanisms. This paper reviews advancements in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, and their application to maize storage. It highlights the challenges in maize storage research and underscores the potential of multi-omics to revolutionize this field. By leveraging existing research, we propose a feasible technical route for applying multi-omics to maize storage, aiming to innovate and stimulate omics research in grain storage and establish effective, green, and safe storage strategies.

Nitrogen has important effects on plant growth and defense. Although studies on the alternation in plant chemical defense by nitrogen fertilization have been extensively reported, how it affects physical defense is poorly understood. Two rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Poales: Poaceae) varieties (LDQ7 and YLY1) were applied with varying nitrogen regimes (0.90 and 180 kg ha-1) to study their physical defense against the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in this study. Results of the electrical penetration graph showed that BPH searching and penetrating duration time was shortened with increasing nitrogen application. Also, the tubercle papicle of rice leaves decreased with increasing nitrogen application, while rice leaves' surface structure and waxy composition changed with increasing nitrogen application. In field experiments, BPH populations increased with the application of nitrogen fertilizer. These findings suggest that nitrogen input can affect plant-insect interactions by reducing the physical defense of plants, which provides new ideas for the organic combinations of yield increase and pest control in rice fields.

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs), which are thought to play key roles in the olfactory recognition of insects, can be induced by the odorants they recognize, but little is known about the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Here, we found that NlOBP8 and NlCSP10 play coordinative roles in the chemoreception of brown planthoppers (BPHs) to the volatile component linalool. Also, the relative mRNA levels of NlObp8 and NlCp10 decreased upon exposure to linalool. Further, homeotic protein distal-less (Dll), which was also highly expressed in the antennae, was found to positively regulate the transcription of NlObp8 and NlCsp10 directly. Knocking down NlDll expression downregulated the expression of many additional olfactory functional genes and impaired the repellent behavior of BPHs to linalool. Our findings elucidate the direct regulatory role of Dll in BPHs' olfactory plasticity to linalool through modulating the olfactory functional gene expression and could provide guidance to sustainably control BPHs in the field.

It has been well documented that an infestation of the piercing-sucking herbivore, brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, activates strong local defenses in rice. However, whether a BPH infestation elicits systemic responses in rice remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated BPH-induced systemic defenses by detecting the change in expression levels of 12 JA- and/or SA-signaling-responsive marker genes in different rice tissues upon a BPH attack. We found that an infestation of gravid BPH females on rice leaf sheaths significantly increased the local transcript level of all 12 marker genes tested except OsVSP, whose expression was induced only weakly at a later stage of the BPH infestation. Moreover, an infestation of gravid BPH females also systemically up-regulated the transcription levels of three JA-signaling-responsive genes (OsJAZ8, OsJAMyb, and OsPR3), one SA-signaling-responsive gene (OsWRKY62), and two JA- and SA- signaling-responsive genes (OsPR1a and OsPR10a). Our results demonstrate that an infestation of gravid BPH females systemically activates JA- and SA-dependent defenses in rice, which may in turn influence the composition and structure of the community in the rice ecosystem.

Herbivore-induced plant defence responses share common components with plant responses to abiotic stresses. However, whether abiotic stress-responsive factors influence the resistance of plants to herbivores by regulating these components remains largely unknown. Here, we cloned a dehydration-responsive element-binding gene in rice, OsDREB1A, and investigated its role in the resistance of rice to the phloem-feeding herbivore, brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), under normal and low temperatures. We found that OsDREB1A localized to the nucleus, and its transcripts in rice were up-regulated in response to BPH infestation, low temperatures and treatment with methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid. Silencing OsDREB1A changed transcript levels of two defence-related WRKY and two PLD genes, enhanced levels of jasmonic acid (JA), JA-isoleucine and abscisic acid, and decreased the ethylene level in rice; these changes subsequently enhanced the resistance of plants to BPH, especially at 17°C, by decreasing the hatching rate and delaying the development of BPH eggs. Moreover, silencing OsDREB1A increased the growth of rice plants. These findings suggest that OsDREB1A, which positively regulates the resistance of rice to abiotic stresses, negatively regulates the resistance of rice to BPH.

Aim: Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that alterations in the peripheral and brain immune system are associated with the pathophysiology of depression, also leading to changes in local glucose metabolism in the brain. Here, the authors identified Yin-Yang 1 (YY1), a transcription factor closely associated with central and peripheral inflammation. Methods: Plasma levels of YY1, interleukin (IL) 6, and IL-1 beta in major depressive disorder (MDD) were collected before and after treatment with vortioxetine, and correlation with clinical and cognitive scores was studied. Chronic unpredictable mild stress was treated with vortioxetine. Micropositron emission tomography (microPET) was used to analyze glucose metabolism and mRNA, and the protein level of the YY1-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B)-IL-1 beta inflammatory pathway were measured in related brain regions. Results: Plasma levels of YY1 and IL-1 beta were significantly increased in MDD and decreased after treatment with vortioxetine. Meanwhile, the level of YY1 in plasma was negatively correlated with cognitive functions in patients with MDD and positively correlated with the level of IL-1 beta in plasma. Compared with the control group, in chronic unpredictable mild stress rats, (microPET) analysis showed that the decrease of glucose metabolism in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, striatum, and medial prefrontal cortex was reversed after treatment. mRNA and protein level of related molecular in YY1-NF-kappa B-IL-1 beta inflammatory pathway decreased in the hippocampus and was reversed by vortioxetine. Conclusion: The current study suggests that the YY1-NF-kappa B-IL-1 beta inflammatory pathway may play an essential role in both mood changes and cognitive impairment in depression, and may be associated with changes in glucose metabolism in emotion regulation and cognition. These findings provide new evidence for the inflammatory mechanisms of depression.

The heavy metal, cadmium (Cd), has become a new threat to rice production in paddy fields. Cd is absorbed by rice roots and translocated to shoots, where it accumulates in different tissues. Rice is also commonly attacked by insect herbivores, but the effects of low-level Cd exposure on the performance of rice pests and the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. We investigated brown planthopper (BPH) performance on Cd-exposed rice in the laboratory and field. Low-level Cd exposure did not significantly affect rice growth but decreased hatching rate and extended hatching duration of BPH eggs. No direct toxic effect of low Cd exposure on BPH eggs were found in in vitro developmental rate assays. By transcriptome analysis, a total of 747 rice genes were differentially expressed in Cd-exposed plants under BPH attack. Interestingly, BPH-elicited jasmonate (JA) and phenylpropanoid pathway genes were up-regulated by Cd exposure. Consistently, the levels of JAs and JA-mediated phenylpropanoid derivatives were also increased. Furthermore, Cd exposure did not affect BPH performance on mutant plants impaired in JA biosynthesis (aoc-2) and signaling (myc2–5), suggesting that JA is required to influence BPH performance under Cd exposure. In the field, herbivore populations were reduced on Cd-treated plants compared with control plants. This study revealed that low-level Cd exposure primes JA-mediated defense responses in rice and thereby affects herbivore performance.

Background Anhedonia, as the core endophenotype of major depressive disorder (MDD), is closely related to poor prognosis, but the mechanism of this feature remains to be understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory factors and brain structural alterations in MDD patients with anhedonia and evaluate the relationship between these factors. Methods We assessed the plasma levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in MDD patients with anhedonia (n = 22), MDD patients without anhedonia (n = 20), and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 20) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. All participants underwent high-resolution brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to evaluate their gray matter volume (GMV). We compared inflammatory factors and GMV among the three groups and explored their relationships in MDD patients with anhedonia. Results Compared with those of HCs, plasma levels of IL-1β were increased in patients with MDD independent of anhedonia features, while plasma levels of IL-6 were elevated in MDD patients with anhedonia only. Meanwhile, MDD patients with anhedonia exhibited reduced GMV in the left striatal structures compared to MDD patients without anhedonia and HCs. Moreover, a significant association was observed between increased plasma levels of IL-6 and decreased GMV of the left putamen in MDD patients with anhedonia. Conclusions The present research outcomes suggest that anhedonia is associated with increased plasma levels of IL-6 and decreased GMV in the left striatal structures. In addition, this study demonstrates that GMV loss in the left putamen is related to increased plasma levels of IL-6 in MDD with anhedonia, which provides further insights into the possible mechanisms of anhedonia.

AbstractA growing number of clinical and preclinical studies suggest that alterations in peripheral and brain immunal system and followed inflammation are associated with the pathophysiology of depression, also leading to the changes in local glucose metabolism in the brain. Here, we identified Yin-yang 1 (YY1), a transcription factor that has been reported to be closely associated with central and peripheral inflammation. The levels of YY1 and IL-1β were significantly increased in blood samples from depressed individuals, and significantly decreased after treatment with Vortioxetine. Meanwhile, it was found that the level of YY1 in plasma was negatively correlated with visual learning reasoning and problem solving in MDD patients, and positively correlated with the level of IL-1β in plasma. CUMS animals showed depressive-like behavior. Compared with the control group, MicroPET analysis showed that the decrease of glucose metabolism in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, striatum and mPFC was reversed after treatment. After treatment, these changes were reversed. In conclusion, Our study suggested that YY1-NF-κB - IL-1β inflammatory pathway may play an essential part on both mood changes and cognitive impairment in depression, and may be associated with changes in glucose metabolism in the emotion regulation and cognition related brain regions. These findings provide new evidence for the inflammatory mechanisms of depression.

本试验旨在研究添加不同水平发酵饲料对蛋鸡小肠组织形态、消化酶活性和屏障功能相关基因表达的影响,为发酵饲料在蛋鸡生产中的应用提供参考.以玉米、豆粕和麸皮作为发酵底料,采用复合益生菌进行好氧和厌氧发酵,并通过16s rRNA高通量测序技术,分析发酵前后饲料菌群结构的变化.选取360只健康、体况和产蛋性能基本一致的22周龄京粉6号蛋鸡,随机分为4个组,发酵饲料添加水平分别为0(对照组)、4％、6％和8％,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡.试验期29周,其中预试期4周,正试期25周.35和50周龄时测定小肠食糜消化酶活性;试验期末测定小肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度,计算绒隐比(绒毛高度/隐窝深度),并检测空肠黏膜屏障功能相关基因mRNA相对表达量.结果表明:1)与发酵前相比,发酵后饲料菌群Shan?non和Simpson指数显著降低(P<0.05),表明菌群多样性和丰富度下降;发酵后饲料优势菌群发生改变,在门上水平优势菌为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),在属水平上优势菌为魏斯氏菌属(Weis?sella).2)与对照组相比,6％和8％发酵饲料添加组蛋鸡十二指肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),绒隐比显著提高(P<0.05);各发酵饲料添加组蛋鸡空肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),绒隐比显著提高(P<0.05).3)35周龄时,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加发酵饲料可以显著提高蛋鸡十二指肠食糜淀粉酶以及空肠食糜胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性(P<0.05).4)与对照组相比,8％发酵饲料添加组蛋鸡空肠黏蛋白2(MUC2)mRNA相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05).综上所述,发酵饲料能改善蛋鸡的小肠组织形态,提高小肠消化酶活性,上调空肠MUC2基因表达,增强蛋鸡肠道健康;其中,以6％发酵饲料添加水平的效果较佳.

Sulfide-driven denitrification (SD) process has been widely studied for treating wastewater containing sulfate and ammonia in recent years. But influence of high ammonia stress on the SD process and microbial community remained unclear. In this work, a series of tests were conducted to investigate effects of different ammonia stress (200-3000 mg-total ammonia nitrogen (TAN)/L) on denitrification efficiency, byproduct accumulation and microbial community of the SD process. According to our results, the SD process was severely inhibited, and 32.67 ± 5.15 mg/L NO 2 - -N was accumulated when ammonia stress reached 3000 mg TAN/L. But the inhibited SD process could recover in about 40 days when ammonia stress was decreased to 200 mg TAN/L. After analyzing the microbial community, Thiobacillus sp. ( Thiobacillus sp. 65-29, Thiobacillus sp. SCN 64-317, Thiobacillus sp. 63-78 and Thiobacillus denitrificans) was confirmed as dominant bacteria responsible for the SD process. Further, expression of narG , napA , nirK and nirS were inhibited under high ammonia stress, thus making the SD process stuck in NO 3 - and NO 2 - reduction step. This study reveals the inhibitory effects of high ammonia stress on the SD process and its possible underlying mechanism with discussion in gene level.

BACKGROUND:We aimed to characterize gut microbial alterations in depressed patients with bipolar disorder (BD) following quetiapine monotherapy and explored its potential for disease diagnosis and outcome prediction.METHODS:Fecal samples were obtained from 60 healthy individuals and 62 patients in acute depressive episodes. All patients received one-month quetiapine treatment after enrollment. The structure of gut microbiota was measured with metagenomic sequencing, and its correlation with clinical profiles and brain function as indicated by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed. Random forest models based on bacterial species were constructed to distinguish patients from controls, and responders from non-responders, respectively.RESULTS:BD patients displayed specific alterations in gut microbial diversity and composition. Quetiapine treatment increased the diversity of microbial communities and changed the composition. The abundance of Clostridium bartlettii was negatively associated with age, baseline depression severity, while positively associated with spontaneous neural oscillation in the hippocampus. Tree-based classification models for (1) patients and controls and (2) responders and non-responders showed an area under the curve of 0.733 and 0.800, respectively.CONCLUSION:Our findings add new evidence to the existing literature regarding gut dysbiosis in BD and reveal the potential of microbe-based biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment outcome prediction.

本试验旨在探究饲粮添加乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化和免疫性能及肠道形态的影响.选取体重[(38.40±0.80)g]相近、健康的1日龄哈伯德公鸡360只,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.08％和0.11％Nisin的饲粮.试验期42 d.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.08％和0.11％Nisin显著降低了肉鸡22～42日龄和1～42日龄料重比(P<0.05),有提高肉鸡42日龄体重的趋势(P=0.087).2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.08％和0.11％Nisin有提高肉鸡屠宰率的趋势(P=0.066),各组间其他屠宰性能指标无显著差异(P>0.05).3)21日龄时,Nisin组肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);42日龄时,0.11％Nisin组肉鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05).4)0.11％Nisin组肉鸡21和42日龄空肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05).5)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.08％和0.11％Nisin显著提高了肉鸡21日龄空肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)和42日龄血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量;0.11％组肉鸡21日龄血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和42日龄空肠sIgA含量均显著提高(P<0.05).综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮添加Nisin可提高肉鸡血清抗氧化能力,调节机体免疫性能,促进小肠绒毛发育,从而改善生长性能,且以0.08％添加水平效益较佳.