We study the critical behavior driven by potential quantum critical points (QCPs) termed as t0,x,y,z-type QCPs beneath the superconducting dome of the d-wave cuprate superconductors. To comprehensively capture the distinct degrees of freedom in the vicinity of these QCPs, we construct a phenomenological effective theory based on the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson framework and then employ the renormalization group approach to derive the coupled flow equations of all interaction parameters, incorporating all relevant one-loop corrections. Decoding these flow equations yields a series of unique properties arising from strong quantum fluctuations around QCPs. On one hand, the interaction parameters flow toward several fixed points (FPs) at certain critical energy scales. We identify two different types of FPs designated at the clean limit. FP-I is characterized by the divergence of the quadratic parameter and exhibits robustness against variations in interaction parameters. In contrast, FP-II is dominated by the cubic and quartic interaction parameters, and it is sensitive to initial conditions, leading to five subclasses: FP-IIA, FP-IIB, FP-IIC, FP-IID, and FP-IIE. In addition, we find that disorder scattering can influence fermion velocities and critical energy scales, and even destabilize certain FPs around the tx,zQCPs, driving the system toward a preempted disorder-induced FP. On the other hand, we find that quantum fluctuations play a critical role in shaping the critical temperature (Tc) as the system approaches these QCPs. Near the tx QCP, Tc is considerably suppressed for both FP-I and FP-II. In contrast, near the t0 QCP, Tc undergoes a substantial decrease for FP-I but only a slight decrease for FP-II. Conversely, Tc exhibits an increasing trend near the ty QCP, with a pronounced peak at vo0/vF 0 similar to 0.25. However, numerical analysis suggests that the tz QCP is unlikely to be physically realizable. Additionally, we realize that Tc can also be modified by the emergence of disorder-induced FPs in the vicinity of the txQCP. These findings would provide valuable insights into the critical low-energy properties of d-wave cuprate superconductors and related materials.

Driven by the development of next-generation wearable and skin-attachable electronics, there is an escalating need for flexible self-powered systems, particularly for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that possess optimal dielectric properties and robust charge storage capabilities. However, it is challenging to achieve mechanical softness, high stretchability, and stable electrical outputs under continuous deformation due to the issue of structural failure under severe strains. Herein, we present a liquid-metal-filled porous elastomer (LMPE) architecture fabricated by foaming an Ecoflex 00-30 matrix using an aqueous suspension of LM droplets. In this structure, oxide-encapsulated LM microdroplets are strictly confined within independent pores of the matrix. This unique structural design enables the LMPE to simultaneously achieve skin-like mechanical compliance, stable dielectric properties, and superior triboelectric performance. The LMPE exhibits a low Young's modulus of ∼70-125 kPa and an exceptional fracture strain of up to ∼650%, enabling robust operation under repetitive deformation. Consequently, the LMPE-TENG delivers an open-circuit voltage of ∼169 V, a short-circuit current of ∼9.5 μA, a transferred charge of ∼63 nC, and a peak power density of 42.63 W·m-3. Notably, it maintains >95% of its initial output after 4 h of cyclic operation and 3 months of storage. System-level demonstrations, including capacitor charging, driving LED arrays, material recognition, Morse-code transmission, and human-machine interactive control, highlight its multifunctionality. This work provides a scalable soft-matter platform integrating LM with porous elastomers for high-performance wearable TENGs, self-powered sensing, and intelligent human-machine interactions.

We systematically investigate how static symmetry-breaking perturbations and dynamic Floquet terms via a polarized light manipulate the topological phase transitions in the two-dimensional quadratic-band-crossing-point (QBCP) materials. The Berry curvature shows distinct behavior in such two situations. It is linearly and quadratically proportional to the product of microstructural parameters t_x,z for the former and the latter, respectively. The static perturbation eliminates the QBCP and opens an energy gap, which leads to the momentum-inversion symmetry of Berry curvature. This yields a nontrivial Chern number determined by the microstructural parameters. In contrast, we demonstrate that either a circularly or an elliptically polarized light breaks the time-reversal symmetry, transforming the QBCP semimetal into a Chern insulator with a quantized anomalous Hall conductivity σ _xy = Ce^2/ħ , where the Chern number is governed by the polarization angle. Moreover, the linear polarization preserves the central antisymmetry of the Berry curvature, giving rise to a topologically trivial insulator, and the potential optical signatures to probe distinct topological transitions are also discussed. These results establish a tunable topological phase transition from a QBCP semimetal to Chern insulator in the two-dimensional QBCP materials.

The spatial separation of dopants plays a critical role in extending the lifetime of semiconductor nanowire p–n junctions, a goal traditionally achieved using core–shell nanowire heterostructures at high fabrication costs. In this study, we employ atomistic quantum mechanical simulations combined with bond orbital theory to demonstrate that simple bending induces a pronounced doping preference in single-crystalline semiconductor nanowires. Specifically, larger dopants tend to accumulate on the tensile side near the nanowire surface, while smaller dopants prefer the compressive side. We further show that this size-dependent doping preference leads to significant spatial separation between n-type and p-type dopants. Given that single-crystalline semiconductor nanowires are easier to synthesize and more cost-effective, our findings offer a promising pathway for designing long-lived p–n junctions and achieving doping modulation via inhomogeneous strain engineering.

Employing a renormalization group analysis that allows for an unbiased treatment of competing physical ingredients, we systematically trace how the interplay between Cooper pairing and disorder scatterings governs the emergence or suppression of Cooper instability in the low-energy regime of fractional Dirac semimetals.In the clean limit, we find that the emergence of Cooper instability requires surpassing a finite interaction threshold |λ_c|, and depends sensitively on both the fractional exponent α and the transfer momentum 𝐐=(Q,ϕ). Specifically, bigger values of α enhance the tendency toward BCS instability. For α∈(0.001,0.61), the (Q,ϕ) parameter space separates into two distinct regions: Zone-1, where Cooper instability is suppressed, and Zone-2, where it is allowed. In the presence of disorders, we demonstrate that they can either promote or suppress Cooper instability. Disorder of type Δ_1 or Δ_2 enhances superconductivity by reducing the critical interaction threshold |λ_c| and expanding the superconducting phase space (Zone-2). In sharp contrast, either Δ_0 or Δ_3 suppresses Cooper pairing by increasing |λ_c| and shrinking the available phase space (Zone-1). Although Cooper instability can be enhanced when promotive disorders (Δ_1, Δ_2) coexist with a single suppressive disorder (Δ_0 or Δ_3), the suppressive influence of Δ_0,3 generally dominates the promotive effects of Δ_1,2 in the presence of all sorts of disorders. These results would be helpful for further studies of fractional Dirac semimetals and alike materials.

Based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, a lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (LDMOS) with oxide trench, featuring buried gate (BG) and drift region with P-type blocks (PB), is comprehensively investigated in this work. The BG is introduced to transform the U-shaped current channel of conventional trench LDMOS into the vertical electron current channel of the proposed device, which shortens the current path and decreases on-resistance (Ron). Due to the BG, the proposed structure can be considered as a type of device between planar and vertical devices. Furthermore, PB introduces additional peaks into the electric field distribution along the trench/drift interface, which can adjust the interface electric field. This improves the REduced Surface Field effect (RESURF) as well as the vertical electric field under the drain, which increases breakdown voltage (BV). Moreover, R on also decreases due to the higher drift doping concentration with the better RESURF. The simulation results show that, for the trench SOI LDMOS class, the proposed structure can improve the BV up to 230 V and reduce the R on to 8.24 m Omega cm2.

We present a systematic investigation of all sixteen marginally relevant fermion-fermion interactions in two-dimensional time-reversal symmetry-breaking kagomé semimetals hosting a quadratic band crossing point. Employing a momentum-shell renormalization group approach that treats every interaction on equal footing, we derive energy-dependent flow equations that capture the hierarchical evolutions of interaction parameters. Our analysis begins by tracking the energy-dependent flows of fermion-fermion interactions. The interaction couplings go towards divergence at a critical energy scale, signaling quantum critical behavior. Such behavior is characterized by a certain fixed point (FP) whose characteristics depends intimately on structural parameters d_0,1,2,3 that cluster the microscopic model into rotationally symmetric and asymmetric cases. Then, we identify two stable FPs in the rotationally symmetric and nine additional FPs in asymmetric case dubbed FP_1-10. Their boundary conditions are approximately demarcated and established by linear and plane fitting techniques in the structural parameter space. Furthermore, we examine distinct interaction-driven instabilities nearby these FPs by incorporating the relevant external source terms and computing their susceptibilities. It indicates that the charge density wave and superconductivity become dominant at FP_2,4,5,6,8 and FP_1,9,10, while the x-current and bond density prevail at FP_3 and FP_7, respectively. In addition to these leading states, several underlying subordinate instabilities are presented as well. These results would be helpful to further study the low-energy critical behavior in 2D kagomé QBCP and related materials.

In extreme environments, thermal insulating materials must exhibit superior mechanical properties, be waterproof, and possess thermal stability to ensure optimal protection for both the human body and equipment. However, most existing thermal insulating materials suffer from limited thermal insulation performance, moisture absorption, inferior mechanical properties, and suboptimal thermal stability, thereby limiting their ability to protect against extreme conditions. In this study, the combination of electrospinning and freeze-drying technology was used to prepare polyimide aerogels with a rigid-flexible coupling structure. The prepared polyimide micro/nanofibrous aerogels demonstrated ultralight performance (6.5 mg cm-3 ), significant compression performance, and the ability to recover to their initial state under 80 % strain. After 1000 compression cycles at 60 % strain, only 7.2 % plastic deformation was observed, indicating excellent fatigue resistance. The synergistic effect of the rigid-flexible coupling endowed the aerogel with superior thermal insulation (26.9 mW m -1K-1 ), and high-temperature resistance (441.8 degrees C). Furthermore, surface modification with water-repellent agents imbued the aerogels with enhanced hydrophobicity, making them suitable for use in extreme environments such as rainwater. This work offers new insights for the design and development of high-performance insulation materials in extreme conditions.

The effects of short-range fermion-fermion interactions on the low-energy properties of rhombohedral trilayer graphene are comprehensively investigated using the momentum-shell renormalization group method. We take into account all one-loop corrections and establish the energy-dependent coupled evolutions of independent fermionic couplings that carry the physical information stemming from the interplay of various fermionfermion interactions. With detailed numerical analysis, we observe that the ferocious competition among all fermion-fermion interactions drives fermionic couplings to four distinct fixed points, dubbed FP1, FP2, FP3, and FP4, in the interaction-parameter space. These fixed points primarily dictate the fate of the system in the low-energy regime and are always associated with some instabilities characterized by specific symmetry breakings, leading to certain phase transitions. To determine the favorable states arising from the potential phase transitions, we introduce a number of fermion-bilinear source terms to characterize the underlying candidate states. By comparing their related susceptibilities, we find that the dominant states correspond to spin-singlet superconductivity, spin-triplet pair-density-waves, and spin-triplet superconductivity for fixed points FP1,3, FP2, and FP4, respectively. These results provide valuable insights into the low-energy properties of rhombohedral trilayer graphene and analogous materials.

Based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, a lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (LDMOS) with high-k film trench (HKT) and L-shaped gate (LG) is proposed in this work. The HK film surrounding the oxide trench can adjust the electric flux flow and the trench/drift interface electric field distribution, which improves both of breakdown voltage (BV) and specific on-resistance (R-on,R-sp). Moreover, the LG can modulate the three-dimensional (3-D) surface electric field distribution in the xoz-plane, which prevents the premature breakdown at gate end for the device. In the xoz-plane, the LG dramatically enlarges the current channel width. Correspondingly, the drain needs to expand the area in top view, which can provide sufficient conductive path to match the widened current channel. In a consequence, R-on,R-sp significantly decreases. Therefore, BV and R-on,R-sp are both effectively improved for the proposed device. The 3-D simulation results show that in comparison with the conventional HKT SOI LDMOS (BV similar to 255 V, R-on,R-sp similar to 8.72 m Omega.cm(2)), BV (287 V) is increased by 11.3 % while R-on,R-sp (5.37 m Omega.cm(2)) is reduced by 38 % for the proposed structure, which results in a sufficiently high Figure-of- Merit (FOM, = BV2/R-on = 15.3 MW/cm(2)). In addition, the device performance characteristics (e.g. temperature and transconductance) are also discussed in this work.

Employing the renormalization group approach, we carefully investigate the critical behavior of two-dimensional tilted semi-Dirac semimetals induced by the fermion–fermion interactions in the low-energy regime. After incorporating all one-loop corrections, we derive the coupled RG equations of all related parameters and introduce two distinct strategies, named as Strategy I and Strategy II, to describe different scenarios. A detailed numerical analysis yields several interesting behavior in the low-energy limit. At first, we notice that the fermion–fermion interactions either vanish or diverge in the Strategy I, depending on the initial values of the tilting parameter and the fermionic couplings, whereas these interactions in the Strategy II always diverge at a certain critical energy scale, which is associated with the initial conditions. Next, the microstructural parameter α and the fermion velocity v_F in the Strategy I share the similar behavior with their Strategy II counterparts. It is observed that fermion–fermion interactions lead to an increase in α while driving a decrease in v_F . Furthermore, the system can either be attracted by the Gaussian fixed point (GFP) or certain relatively fixed point (RFP) in the Strategy I. However, it always flows toward the RFP in the Strategy II at the lowest-energy limit. These results would provide helpful insights into the studies on observable quantities and phase transitions in the two-dimensional tilted semi-Dirac semimetals and the analogous semimetals.

Though solar energy is widely used, its utilization efficiency and system stability constrain the development of its large-scale application. This study focuses on the problems of improving solar energy utilization efficiency and system stability and innovatively proposes a dual-water path photovoltaic thermal composite (DW-PV-TC) system and spectral beam split dual-water path photovoltaic thermal composite (Nano-DW-PV-TC) system. The system performance efficiency is also evaluated and analyzed through detailed simulations and numerical calculations. The results show that: the surface temperature of the PV panels of the DW-PV-TC system increases and then decreases with the intensity of solar radiation up to 342.57 K; the maximum temperature of the system decreases by 13.18 K with the use of nanofluids; the peak output power of the Nano-DW-PV-TC system is higher than that of the DW-PV-TC system by 8.52 W; the best result of the Nano-DW-PV-TC system is achieved at a melting point of Nano-DW-PV-TC system has the best effect when the melting point is 305 K; at different flow rates (0.006 m/s, 0.008 m/s, 0.01 m/s, 0.012 m/s), the peak temperature is reduced to 332 K, 330.61 K, 329.68 K, 329 K, and the energy payback period of a single system is 2.51 years, respectively. The newly proposed system shows advantages in temperature control and power output, which helps to improve the efficiency of solar energy utilization, but the economic benefits will be reduced by more factors when scaling up the system.

We study the atomic collapse phenomenon in K and K' valleys of gapped graphene. Bound states induced by Coulomb impurity in the gap turn into atomic collapse resonances as the charge increases beyond the supercritical charge Zc. Zc increases sublinearly with the band gap A. The atomic collapse resonances result in peaks in the local density of states (LDOS) at the same energies in K and K' valleys, but the strong (weak) LDOS peaks in the K valley are weak (strong) LDOS peaks in the K' valley reminiscent of pseudospin polarization phenomenon. From a spatial LDOS analysis of the atomic collapse resonance states, we assign specific atomic orbitals to the atomic collapse resonances. Remarkably, the two p atomic orbital atomic collapse states are no longer degenerate and split into two, having lobes in different directions in the graphene plane.

In this letter, an ultrawideband bidirectional absorptive common-mode suppression filter (A-CMF) integrating lambda/4 coupled line structure and defect-ground structure (DGS) on a two-layer printed circuit board (PCB) is designed. First, an A-CMF with DGS combing lambda/4 wide-side coupled line structure loaded with resistors is proposed. Then, an ultrawideband bidirectional A-CMF combining DGS and narrow-and broad-side coupled lines is developed. The experimental results show that the proposed A-CMF can achieve 90% absorption efficiency from 1.79 to 6.76 GHz, with a fractional bandwidth of 143%, while the high bandwidth of differential-mode (DM) signal is from dc to 6.8 GHz. The employed narrow-side coupled line with resistors can be directly inserted into the middle of differential line, thereby effectively reducing the area occupation in the realization of the wideband common-mode (CM) noise rejection.

Maintaining human body temperature in both high and low-temperature environments is fundamental to human survival, necessitating high-performance thermal insulation materials to prevent heat exchange with the external environment. Currently, most fibrous thermal insulation materials are characterized by large weight, suboptimal thermal insulation, and inferior mechanical and waterproof performance, thereby limiting their effectiveness in providing thermal protection for the human body. In this study, lightweight, waterproof, mechanically robust, and thermal insulating polyamide-imide (PAI) grooved micro/nanofibrous aerogels were efficiently and directly assembled by electrospinning. The grooved micro/nanofibrous aerogels were directly prepared by controlling the relative humidity and solvent evaporation rate, as well as regulating the charge jet density and phase separation behavior. The prepared aerogel exhibited ultralight performance with a density of 4.4 mg cm-3, hydrophobic liquid-repelling performance with a contact angle of 137.4°, and ultralow thermal conductivity (0.02586 W m-1 k-1), making it an ideal material for maintaining thermal comfort in complex environments. This work provides valuable insights into the design and development of high-performance fiber insulation materials.

The interplay among Coulomb interaction, electron-phonon coupling, and phonon-phonon coupling has a significant impact on the low-energy behavior of three-dimensional type-I tilted Dirac semimetals. To investigate this phenomenon, we construct an effective theory, calculate one-loop corrections arising from all these interactions, and establish the coupled energy-dependent flows of all associated interaction parameters by adopting the renormalization group approach. Deciphering such coupled evolutions allows us to determine a series of low-energy critical properties for these materials. At first, we present the low-energy tendencies of all interaction parameters. The tilting parameter exhibits distinct tendencies that depend heavily upon the initial anisotropy of fermion velocities. In comparison, the latter is mainly dominated by its initial value but is less sensitive to the former. Variations in these two quantities drive certain interaction parameters toward the strong anisotropy in the low energy regime, indicating the screened interaction in specific directions, and others toward an approximate isotropy. Additionally, we observe that the tendencies of interaction parameters can be qualitatively clustered into three distinct types of fixed points, accompanied by the potential instabilities that induce certain interaction-driven phase transition. Furthermore, approaching these fixed points leads to the critical behavior of physical quantities, such as the density of states, compressibility, and specific heat, which exhibit quite different from their non-interacting counterparts and even deviate slightly from Fermi-liquid behavior. Our investigation sheds light on the intricate relationship between different types of interactions in these semimetals and provides useful insights into their fundamental properties.

The production and advanced treatments of bacterial cellulose (BC) and its composites have garnered increased attention in the past decades. As a biodegradable polymer, BC possesses remarkable purity, super-fine nanonetwork structure, biocompatibility, and excellent mechanical properties, which could satisfy the most needs of application areas. The comprehensive knowledge of different BC treatment methods is critical to property modification through composite formation towards multifunctional applications. In this review, we summarised three BC treatment methods and relevant functional composite construction processes, especially the emerging breaking-refactoring methods. It is known that the structure-property-application relationship of BC composites is tightly linked. The successful development of multifunctional BC-based composites will rely on good sustainability and exploration of BC-based composite preparation technology. Applications of BC and its composites based on those treatment methods are reviewed. The properties and characteristics underlying these approaches to BC and its composite applications are also discussed here.

Icosahedral B12 serves as a fundamental building block for a variety of boron allotropes and plays a crucial role in enhancing the stability of fullerene-like boron nanoclusters. However, progress in the development of two-dimensional (2D) functional assemblies made from icosahedral B12 has been limited. In this context, we propose a 2D semiconducting boron allotrope (h-B12) using icosahedral B12 as a building block. This structure features a stable honeycomb lattice, with its unit cell comprising two mirror-symmetric icosahedral B12 clusters. The results of first-principles calculations indicate that the band structure exhibits Dirac cones and a relatively high group velocity, similar to graphene. Additionally, it is found to be a material with a negative Poisson's ratio and a relatively low Young's modulus. Finally, our calculations reveal that the zigzag nanoribbon constructed from h-B12 displays prominent edge states at both edges, indicating that this structure represents a potential topological electronic material. Our findings shed light on the design and construction of nano-electronic materials via cluster assembly.