ABSTRACT Memtransistors using low‐dimensional semiconductors represent a promising gate‐tunable heterosynaptic architecture for neuromorphic computing. However, active layers of these devices have not yet been artificially designed or controlled. In this study, gate‐pulse‐tunable heterosynaptic neuromodulation is achieved using memtransistors with organic semiconductor tris(4‐carbazoyl‐9‐ylphenyl)amine (TCTA)/MoS2 heterostructures designed via energy‐band engineering and bottom‐contact architecture. Memristive switching is realized through distinctive low‐ and high‐conduction states with a switching ratio of 102, modulated by gate pulses. As the gate voltage (VG) decreases from +30 to −30 V, the memristive hysteresis for the bottom contact TCTA/MoS2 FET without post‐treatment and an h‐BN insulating layer appears at VG = −15 V and broadens with an increasing switching ratio. Intriguingly, as VG becomes increasingly negative (VG < −15 V), trap‐related space‐charge‐limited conduction becomes dominant. Non‐volatile heterosynaptic behavior is mimicked by drain pulses and modulated by gate‐pulse polarities. Applying gate‐pulse only, analogous responses are observed in synaptic modulation with time constants of 100 ms for potentiation and 60 ms for depression. The design of multi‐functional memory and realization of gate‐pulse‐tunable memtransistors using nanoscale TCTA/MoS2 can promote energy‐efficient, tunable, and reliable heterosynaptic neuromorphic electronics.

Blue and white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are widely used in lighting, augmented reality, and high-resolution flat-panel displays. In this study, cool white OLEDs are fabricated through hybrid emissions combining multiple exciplexes (XPs, 500-700 nm) and Frenkel excitons (XFs, 430 nm), generated in two co-deposition layers (CDLs) comprising donor (D; m-MTDATA and TCTA) and acceptor (A; T2T and TmPyPB) molecules. The emission characteristics of the XPs and XFs are modulated by adjusting relative D/A concentrations. In m-MTDATA : TCTA (1 : 5)/T2T : TmPyPB (1 : 10) OLEDs, increasing the applied voltage from 4 to 13 V enhances electroluminescence (EL). High TmPyPB concentrations in A-CDL promote randomly oriented XP dipole moments at the D/TmPyPB heterojunction, thereby increasing blue XF generation in m-MTDATA (XFmMT). The EL peak at 430 nm, associated with parallel-stacked XFmMT, remains stable under external electric fields. The dipole orientations of XFs and XPs correlate with molecular stacking, as confirmed by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, and angle-resolved EL. Without tandem architectures, the OLEDs emit cool white light with color coordinates of x = 0.32 and y = 0.37 in the CIE 1931 color space. The proposed approach enables voltage-dependent spectral modulation and angle-dependent emission control in OLEDs using co-deposited D and A emissive layers.

Ultranarrow emission linewidths and high spectral purity are essential for next‐generation displays and advanced optoelectronic/photonic applications. A red photoluminescence (PL) peak with a full width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 3.2 nm at 625 nm is reported from pure organic π‐conjugated 2,4,6‐tris(biphenyl‐3‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (T2T) self‐assembled micro‐rods (SAMRs). The sharp PL emission intensifies under prolonged exposure and increased laser power, indicating a photo‐brightening (PB) effect. T2T SAMRs are fabricated via thermal annealing of reprecipitated T2T, which facilitates the molecular‐scale reorganization of T2T molecules into ordered domains, thereby promoting high‐quality π‐conjugated crystalline structures. Structural and spectroscopic analyses—including Raman spectroscopy, grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, and density functional theory calculations—reveal that the narrow 625 nm PL originates from self‐trapped excitons (STEs) within an ordered J ‐aggregated triclinic lattice framework. Additionally, upon PB, a linear increase in STE PL intensity with laser power, along with the prolonged exciton lifetime, is observed for single‐stranded T2T SAMRs, which distinguishes STE generation from lasing or amplified spontaneous emission. Remarkably, the emission wavelength remains stable across different laser excitation wavelengths (375, 405, 532 nm), heteromolecular systems, and various crystal sizes, underscoring the robustness of the STE state. These findings position T2T SAMRs as promising candidates for high‐resolution, high‐color‐purity red‐light sources.

Various donor–acceptor heterostructures with type-II band alignment are reviewed for distinct characteristics and excitonic devices of interlayer and intermolecular excitons using inorganic and organic semiconductors.

Birthweight discordance, defined as a difference in the birthweights of twins, is a well-documented phenomenon in twin pregnancies and occurs in 15% to 30% of twin pregnancies depending on the chronicity, degree of discordance and the threshold. It is not clear whether catch-up growth exists within a set of discordant twins, although twins achieve the normal weight of singletons during infancy and up to adolescence. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the longitudinal patterns of growth in discordant twins. This study was conducted by merging the Korean National Health Insurance (KNHI) claims database and a National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children database. Using the KNHI claims database, we identified all women who delivered twins between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2010. Only discordant twins were included for analysis. The weight difference was calculated as “(larger twin weight−smaller twin weight) / larger twin weight×100”. The birthweight discordance and weight at age point discordance were defined as a weight difference of 20% or more at birth and at each age point. The linear spline mixed-effect model (LSMM) was selected, based on the differences between the negative of twice the log-likelihood (-2LogL) among several models with different random-effect terms. An alternative LSMM with a subject-specific random intercept and repeated time of trajectories was also applied to the weight discordance measure of each twin. A total of 3,408 twins and 1,704 mothers were included in this study. The mean of birthweight discordance was 28.68%. The gap in weight between the small twins and their large siblings significantly closed to 10% at 1 year of age and then remained at about 10% until 8 years of age. Small twin in discordant twins showed catch-up growth in the first 12 months of life compared to their large siblings but after 1 year of age, no differences in growth velocity were found. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term pattern of growth and its effect on health.

Excitons, electron-hole pairs in semiconductors, can be utilized as information carriers with a spin or valley degree of freedom. However, manipulation of excitons' motion is challenging because of their charge-neutral characteristic and short recombination lifetimes. Here we demonstrate electric-field-driven drift and funneling of charged excitons (i.e., trions) toward the center of a MoSe2 monolayer. Using a simple bottom-gate device, we control the electric fields in the vicinity of the suspended monolayer, which increases the trion density and pulls down the layer. We observe that locally excited trions are subjected to electric force and, consequently, drift toward the center of the stretched layer. The exerting electric force on the trion is estimated to be 102-104 times stronger than the strain-induced force in the stretched monolayer, leading to the successful observation of trion drift under continuous-wave excitation. Our findings provide a new route for manipulating trions and achieving new types of optoelectronic devices.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of adverse neonatal outcome according to timing of delivery in twins with a gestational age of 37 weeks or more and determine the optimal timing of delivery in uncomplicated twin pregnancies. This retrospective study enrolled uncomplicated Korean twin pregnant women who delivered after 37 weeks of gestation from 2015 to 2021. Women diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes mellitus (DM) prior to pregnancy, those experiencing maternal complications such as gestational hypertension or gestational DM, placenta previa or placental abruption, and those with twin birthweight abnormalities (birthweight of any twin below the 10th percentile or discordance of 20% or more) were excluded from the study. The primary outcome was composite neonatal morbidity including the followings: transient tachypnea, respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, the use of ventilator and nasal cannula within 7 days after birth. Adverse outcomes in twins were analysed using either individual twins or twin pairs as a case. Logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratios of adverse outcomes based on the gestational week at the time of delivery. Out of 25,698 women who delivered at or beyond 37 weeks of gestation, 13,502 women were finally included in the study. In the multivariate analysis, when compared to deliveries at 37 weeks of gestation, the composite morbidity was lower for twin deliveries at both 38 weeks (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.697; 95% Confidence interval (CI), 0.637-0.762) and 39 weeks (aOR, 0.526; 95% CI, 0.417-0.663) of gestation. For deliveries after 40 weeks, the risk of composite morbidity was not significantly different from deliveries at GA 37 weeks (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.389-1.021). In uncomplicated twin pregnancies, delaying the delivery timing even within the full-term periods is suggested, with appropriate fetal surveillance and personalised consideration of both maternal and fetal conditions.

Abstract The dipole characteristics of Frenkel excitons and charge-transfer excitons between donor and acceptor molecules in organic heterostructures such as exciplexes are important in organic photonics and optoelectronics. For the bilayer of the organic donor 4,4′,4′′-tris[(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine and acceptor 2,4,6-tris(biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine molecules, the exciplexes form aligned dipoles perpendicular to the Frenkel excitons, as observed in back focal plane photoluminescence images. The angular chromism of exciplexes observed in the 100 meV range indicates possible delocalization and angle-sensing photonic applications. The blue shift of the peak position and increase in the linewidth of photoluminescene spectra with increasing excitation power are caused by the repulsive aligned exciplex dipole moments with a long lifetime (4.65 μs). Electroluminescence spectra of the exciplex from organic light-emitting diodes using the bilayer are blue-shifted with increasing bias, suggesting unidirectional alignment of the exciplex dipole moments. The observation of exciplex dipole moment alignments across molecular interfaces can facilitate the controlled coupling of exciton species and increase efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes.

Abstract Interlayer excitons (IXs) at the interface of heterostructures (HSs) with a staggered band alignment are fascinating quantum quasi‐particles with light‐emitting and long‐lifetime characteristics. In this study, the energy band alignments (EBAs) of the HS of MAPbI3 perovskite thin sheets with CdSe‐ZnS core–shell quantum dot (QD) layers are modulated by using different diameters of the QDs. Far‐red IX emission is observed at 1.42 eV from the HS of MAPbI3/CdSe‐ZnS‐QD (λem = 645 nm) with type‐II EBA owing to charge transfer. The lifetime of the far‐red IXs is estimated to be 5.68 µs, which is considerably longer than that (0.715 ns) of the intralayer excitons from CdSe‐ZnS‐QD. With increasing incident excitation power, the PL peak and its intensity of IXs are blue‐shifted and linearly increased, respectively, indicating a strong dipole alignment of far‐red IXs at the heterojunction. Back focal plane imaging suggests that the directions of dipole moments of the IXs are relatively out‐of‐plane compared to those of the intralayer excitons (MAPbI3 and CdSe‐ZnS‐QD). Notably, the abnormal behavior of the optical characteristics is observed near the phase transition temperature (90 K) of MAPbI3. MAPbI3/CdSe‐ZnS‐QD HS photodetectors show the increase in photocurrent and detectivity compared to MAPbI3 at IX excitation.

The device working principles of light emission and light harvesting using p-n (or donor-acceptor) heterostructures are reciprocal relations in terms of thermodynamics and charge transfer mechanisms. The dual-functional optoelectronic systems of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) including organic photodiodes (OPDs) were obtained by fabricating the devices with bi-layer (BL) and triple-layer (TL) structures through the co-deposition of p-type rubrene and n-type NDI-C6 molecules using organic molecular beam deposition. The concentration ratio of rubrene:NDI-C6 for the co-deposition layers (CDLs) was controlled by deposition rates of 3:7, 5:5, and 7:3, resulting in the distinctive performance of the devices. The OLEDs with rubrene/CDL 3:7/NDI-C6 TL structures show considerably broad and enhanced electroluminescence emission by approximately 40 times including a drastic increase in the exciplex EL peak at 695 nm, compared to those of the OLEDs with rubrene/NDI-C6 BLs or other TL structures. As the concentration of n-type NDI-C6 in the CDL increased, the driving voltage decreased, and the current increased for the OLED with the TL structure. The fill factor and power conversion efficiency of the OPVCs and photodetectivity using the same devices increased with increasing concentration of n-type NDI-C6. The dual performance of the OLED and OPVC, including the OPD of the elaborated co-deposition of organic molecules, was clearly observed, even though the efficiencies of the devices were relatively low. In our optoelectronic devices, the optimal concentration ratio of p-type rubrene and n-type NDI-C6 of the CDL in the TL devices was 3:7 for the dual function of light emission and light harvesting.

We demonstrate that crystalline organic rubrene thin films can be obtained by a facile spin-coating method using gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs). Dodecanethiol-functionalized Au NPs were dissolved with rubrene molecules in solvent and a thin film of Au/rubrene was prepared by a simple spin coating process. The results of confocal photoluminescence (PL) and absorption spectral mapping confirmed the local formation of orthorhombic crystalline structures of the Au/rubrene hybrid film, in contrast to the monoclinic structure of plain rubrene films. Further, the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis, as well as Raman spectroscopy measurements of the rubrene and Au/rubrene films suggested the formation of high crystalline Au/ rubrene film. The molecular crystallization of the Au/rubrene hybrid film is attributed to the nucleation effect of the Au NPs.

Heterointerlayer excitons (HIXs) have been intensively studied in heterostructures of various two-dimensional (2D) nanosystems with staggered band alignment (type II). In this study, the laser confocal microscopy (LCM) photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of exciton species, including HIXs in monolayer (1 L) WS(2)and multilayer PbI2 heterostructures, were investigated from 3 to 293 K. The drastic decrease in the PL intensity of 1 L WS2 after hybridization with multilayer PbI2 indicates the occurrence of charge transfer. PL peaks corresponding to the neutral excitons (X0), trions (X-), and biexcitons (XX) of 1 L WS2 (i.e., intralayer excitons) were observed in the heterostructure at 3 K at 594, 601, and 606 nm in the deconvoluted PL spectra, respectively. Notably, a broad and intense PL emission mainly due to HIXs in the heterostructure was observed in the visible-light region at 675-700 nm (below 200 K). All of the PL peaks corresponding to the characteristic excitons in the heterostructure were red-shifted with increasing temperature owing to the enhancement of electron-phonon interactions. Interestingly, with increasing excitation power, the PL peaks of HIXs in the heterostructure were significantly blue-shifted, while those corresponding to the X0, X-, and XX of WS2 were red-shifted. These changes originate from the screening effect of the Coulomb and repulsive interactions between the dipole-aligned HIXs. Notably, the 4.22 ns lifetime of HIXs in the heterostructure obtained from the time-resolved PL decay curves at 3 K was significantly long and 8.6 times longer than that of the intralayer excitons. This study provides an understanding of HIXs in 2D heterostructures, which provide promising platforms for applications in nanoscale light-emitting diodes, sensors, and photovoltaics.

pi-Conjugated p-type PBDB-T and n-type N2200 macromolecular units are alternatively bonded to generate ambipolar copolymer (i.e. P(BDBT-co-N2200)) for achieving donor-acceptor (D-A) heterojunction. From the laser confocal microscope photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the P(BDBT-co-N2200) copolymer, PL characteristic peaks of PBDB-T and N2200 are simultaneously observed at 695, 760, and 860 nm. The thin-film transistors (TFTs) using P(BDBT-co-N2200) copolymer show ambipolar transistor characteristics originating from the coexistence of p-type and n-type semiconducting macromolecular units. Interestingly, a high hysteresis is observed in the transfer and output characteristics of the TFTs because of the interface traps and near-interface bulk traps. Under light irradiation, distinctive photocurrents and hysteresis are observed, suggesting the optically mediated charge release and photogating effects caused by trap states. Charge trapping with a high hysteresis and photoconduction with the photogating effect of the P(BDBT-co-N2200)-based ambipolar TFTs induce stable and repeatable writing, reading, and erasing operations. The optoelectronic memory devices using the P(BDBT-co-N2200)-based ambipolar TFTs are realized with the merit of a long charge storage time of 40 s. The pi-conjugated copolymer, P(BDBT-co-N2200) exhibiting D-A heterojunction, can be applied to multifunctional devices, such as photoresponsive ambipolar transistors and optoelectronic memory devices, for image sensing and data storage.

Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites (OMHPs) are promising active materials suitable for highly efficient solar cells, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, and sensors. In this study, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) thin sheets (TSs) were synthesized as OMHPs using both hybrid vapor-solution method for optical study and anti-solvent solution method for the photodetector. pi-Conjugated polyelectrolyte (pi- CPE), such as poly(9,9-bis(4 '-sulfonatobutyl)fluorene-alt-1,4-phe-nylene) potassium (FPS-K), was spin-coated on the MAPbI3 TS, and functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were hybridized. The laser confocal microscope photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the MAPbI3 TS was significantly enhanced after hybridization with Au-NPs/FPS-K, owing to the passivating effect of the FPS-K and the generation of extra-photoexcited charges by local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) coupling with Au-NPs. These results were supported by the variation in the exciton lifetime measured from the time-resolved PL decay curves. The photocurrent of the MAPbI3 photodetector increased up to 1.1 x 104 times, and the photoresponsivity (R) and photodetectivity (D*) increased by 70 and 13 times, respectively, with the hybridization of Au-NPs/FPS-K. The highest D* of the Au-NPs/FPS-K/MAPbI3 photodetector was measured to be 7.5 x 1010 Jones at 735 nm excitation. The power and wavelength dependencies of R and D* for the MAPbI3 photodetector were also significantly improved by the Au-NPs/FPS-K hybrid. These results support the development of high -performance perovskite photodetectors utilizing LSPR coupling with the pi-CPE layer.

The electrical and optical characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) can be improved by surface modification. In this study, distinctive field-effect transistors (FETs) were realized by forming cross-type 2D WSe2/MoS2 p–n heterojunctions through surface treatment using poly­(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (PMMA-co-PMAA). The FETs were applied to new ternary inverters as multivalued logic circuits (MVLCs). Laser confocal microscope photoluminescence spectroscopy indicated the generation of trions in the WSe2 and MoS2 layers, and the intensity decreased after PMMA-co-PMAA treatment. For the cross-type WSe2/MoS2 p–n heterojunction FETs subjected to PMMA-co-PMAA treatment, the channel current and the region of anti-ambipolar transistor characteristics increased considerably, and ternary inverter characteristics with three stable logic states, “1”, “1/2”, and “0”, were realized. Interestingly, the intermediate logic state 1/2, which results from the negative differential transconductance characteristics, was realized by the turn-on of all component FETs, as the current of the FETs increased after PMMA-co-PMAA treatment. The electron-rich carboxyl acid moieties in PMMA-co-PMAA can undergo coordination with the metal Mo or W atoms present in the Se or S vacancies, respectively, resulting in the modulation of charge density. These features yielded distinctive FETs and ternary inverters for MVLCs using cross-type WSe2/MoS2 heterojunctions.

Perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Br, Cl, and I) nanostructures have been intensively studied as they are luminescent, photovoltaic, and photosensitizing active materials. Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te, etc.) structures have been used in flexible optoelectronic devices. In this study, perovskite green-light-emitting CsPbBr2I1 quantum dots (QDs) and blue-light-emitting CsPb(Cl/Br)3-QDs are utilized to enhance the photoresponsive characteristics of 2D MSe2 (M = Mo and W)-based field-effect transistors (FETs). From laser confocal microscopy photoluminescence (PL) experiments, PL quenching of the perovskite CsPb(Cl/Br)3-QDs and CsPbBr2I1-QDs is observed after hybridization with MoSe2 and WSe2 layers, respectively, which reflects the charge-transfer effect. According to the characteristics of the FETs based on the WSe2, MoSe2, WSe2/CsPbBr2I1-QDs hybrid, and MoSe2/CsPb(Cl/Br)3-QDs hybrid, the p-channel current (with hole mobility) is considerably decreased after the hybridization with the QDs. Notably, under incident light, the n-channel photocurrent and photoresponsivity of the FET are substantially increased, and the threshold voltage is negatively shifted owing to the hybridization with the perovskite QDs. The results show that the photosensitive n-type doping effect on the 2D MoSe2 and WSe2 nanosystems originates from the photogating effect by the trap states after the hybridization with various perovskite CsPbX3-QDs.

Multivalued logic (MVL) circuits with higher efficiencies, such as the ternary inverter, can be considered as promising structures to overcome the limitation of a binary system. Photo-responsive characteristics of the two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 and the organic-rubrene nanosheet (NS) n-p heterojunction field-effect-transistor (FET) are studied with the aim to construct a novel photo-triggered ternary inverter as a MVL circuit. Anti-ambipolar transistor (AAT) characteristics were observed for the MoS2/organic-rubrene-NS n-p heterojunction FETs. The serially connected devices comprising the AAT with a single MoS2 (n-type)-based FET or with a single rubrene-NS (p-type)-based FET were fabricated to investigate inverter characteristics, which can be advantageous compared to the conventional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor employed in a binary logic circuit. Interestingly, the inverters employing the AAT connected to the p-type rubrene-NS-based FET in series were successfully operated as MVL circuits under light irradiation. The characteristics of new photo-triggered ternary inverters originate from the distinct photo-responsivity of p-type organic-rubrene-NS as well as the positive shift of the threshold voltage of the AAT and p-type rubrene-NS-based FET based on the photo-gating effect, achieved under specific light-irradiation conditions. In this work, a new photo-triggered (i.e. photo-driven) ternary inverter using 2D-MoS2 and organic semiconducting rubrene-NS heterojunction FETs was successfully realized. The heterojunctions of 2D inorganic and organic semiconductors exhibit great potential toward the development of new photo-responsive MVL circuits and multifunctional transistors with extraordinary characteristics and performance including energy saving.

Light-emitting organic semiconductors have attracted considerable attention for the nanoscale fabrication of organic-based displays and their potential application in optoelectronics, plasmonics, and photonics. In this study, core-shell hybrid nanostructures of organic rubrene coated on Ag nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized using a chemical reduction method. The thickness of the rubrene shell was 2.6-6.0 nm and the diameter of the Ag core was 30-70 nm. The optical and structural properties of the Ag/rubrene core-shell NPs were tuned by hydrothermal (HT) treatment at 190 degrees C. The Ag/rubrene core-shell NPs were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy before and after the HT treatment, and their structural properties were confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. XRD peaks related to an orthorhombic phase were observed along with the original triclinic crystal structure of the rubrene shell, and the triclinic crystal domain size increased from 28.2 nm to 30.8 nm owing to the HT treatment. Interestingly, the green light emission (lambda(em) = 550 nm) of the Ag/rubrene core-shell NPs changed to blue light emission (lambda(em) = 425 nm), increasing in intensity through the HT treatment. This is caused by the crystal change with H-type aggregation and enhanced energy transfer from a surface plasmon resonance.

The electrical and optical characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) can be improved by surface modification. In this study, distinctive field-effect transistors (FETs) were realized by forming cross-type 2D WSe2/MoS2 p-n heterojunctions through surface treatment using poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (PMMA-co-PMAA). The FETs were applied to new ternary inverters as multi-valued logic circuits (MVLCs). Laser confocal microscope photoluminescence spectroscopy indicated the generation of trions in the WSe2 and MoS2 layers, and the intensity decreased after PMMA-co-PMAA treatment. For the cross-type WSe2/MoS2 p-n heterojunction FETs subjected to PMMA-co-PMAA treatment, the channel current and the region of anti-ambipolar transistor characteristics increased considerably, and ternary inverter characteristics with three stable logic states, "1," "1/2," and "0," were realized. Interestingly, the intermediate logic state "1/2", which results from the negative differential trans-conductance characteristics, was realized by the turn-on of all component FETs, as the current of the FETs increased after PMMA-co-PMAA treatment. The electron-rich carboxyl acid moieties in PMMA-co-PMAA can undergo coordination with the metal Mo or W atoms present in the Se or S vacancies, respectively, resulting in the modulation of charge density. These features yielded distinctive FETs and ternary inverters for MVLCs using cross-type WSe2/MoS2 heterojunctions.

This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Carraro DM, Palmero EI, Galvao HC, Berra CM, Brianese RC, Torrezan GT, da Cruz Formiga MN, de Lima FT, Fernandes GC, de Paula AE, Michelli RD, Gutierrez Barrera AM, Arun BK. Not presented [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-05.