In this study, we present a kinetic investigation of interfacial cardiac troponin I (cTnI)aptamer interactions using cyclic voltammetry (CV). An aptamer-complementary strand complex immobilized on a gold electrode was employed as a model system to examine the concentration-dependent adsorption behavior of cTnI. CV measurements with respect to the interaction time revealed that the interaction process follows pseudo-first-order kinetics under constant surface coverage conditions. By correlating charge variation with fractional surface occupation, an interaction rate constant (k) was derived from the kinetic model. A strong power-law relationship (R2 = 0.9515) between cTnI concentration and the derived rate constant was established, demonstrating a predictable concentration-dependent detection.

For efficient amine-based post-combustion CO2 capture, absorbents with low heat duty and long-term stability are required. This study investigated the CO2 capture performance, oxidative degradation, and corrosion of aqueous blends of 2-(isopropylamino)ethanol (IPAE) and 2-methylpiperazine (2MPZ). The blends were prepared at 3.5 and 4.0 M in two molar ratios: blend-1 (IPAE:2MPZ = 1:0.84) and blend-2 (IPAE:2MPZ = 1:1.33). The results showed that 4.0 M blend-2 (1.72 M IPAE + 2.28 M 2MPZ) exhibited the best performance within the tested range. Compared to 5 M MEA, it exhibited a 91 % higher cyclic capacity of 2.3671 mol & sdot;L-1 and a 49.64 % lower heat duty, with a comparable initial CO2 absorption rate (156.2 x 10-5 mol & sdot;L-1 & sdot;s-1). The CO2 capture mechanism of 4.0 M blend-2 was investigated using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) speciation, which indicated that bicarbonate species formed upon CO2 absorption. These species facilitated CO2 desorption. Furthermore, oxidative degradation and corrosion were evaluated using acid titration, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results confirmed that steric hindrance in IPAE enhanced oxidative stability, as evidenced by an oxidative degradation rate constant (k) of 1.23 x 10-4 h-1 (21 % of that for 5 M MEA). In addition, bicarbonate species promoted the formation of a protective siderite (FeCO3) layer on carbon steel, reducing the corrosion rate to 0.0288 mmpy (94 % lower than 5 M MEA). Consequently, 4.0 M blend-2 demonstrated superior CO2 capture performance and long-term stability compared with 5 M MEA.

Seawater-based mineral carbonation or CO2 mineralization is a promising carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technology for achieving carbon neutrality and resource circulation. However, carbonates have a low conversion rate, and their crystal structures and precipitate sizes are difficult to control, thereby limiting the competitiveness of CCU technology. This study explored a direct carbonation method that sequentially carbonated ions in seawater reverse osmosis brine using Na2CO3 as a CO2 carrier to address these challenges. Moreover, the effects of ion concentration and interactions on the carbonate precipitation mechanism were analyzed. Depending on the concentration (1000-2592 ppm), the presence of Mg2+ ions induced either amorphous CaCO3 or aragonite crystal structures during Ca2+ carbonation. For example, aragonite precipitation occurred when the Mg2+ concentration exceeded the theoretical threshold of 11.96 mol%. These findings suggest a novel Ostwald ripening pathway for CaCO3 that differs from conventional CaCO3 precipitation. Furthermore, by controlling the ion concentration and aging time, the crystal structures of MgCO3 and CaCO3 could be transformed into spherical and petal-like shapes. Our proposed direct carbonation process successfully enabled the selective precipitation of ions from brine. Thus, by analyzing the effect of ion concentration on carbonate precipitation, our study contributes to the broader applicability of CCU technology for various wastewater sources.

The accumulation of oyster shell waste is increasing annually, and the high costs associated with landfilling call for innovative solutions to repurpose this maricultural waste. This study proposes two methods for utilizing oyster shell waste as sources for CO2 mineralization: calcination and extraction. First, the calcination process consisting of two stages was investigated based on the characteristics of the oyster shell waste. This method yields high-purity CO2 gas through pretreatment, effectively removing organic compounds. Additionally, the calcination process significantly reduced the emissions of hazardous gases such as CO, NO, NO2, and SO2 by up to 72.97% during the first calcination stage. Second, a novel three-phase extraction process is introduced. This process achieved low pH conditions for leaching alkaline earth metals and high pH conditions for enhancing CO2 reactivity. It also does not generate acidic or basic wastewater, a common issue in chemical extraction. The extraction process demonstrated high Ca2 + extraction efficiency (99.07 %) and high-purity CaCO3 yield of 0.86ton CaCO3/ton of oyster shell waste. In CO2 mineralization, calcium ions derived from the calcination of oyster shell waste and extraction react with CO2, forming calcium carbonate. In addition, it was theoretically proved, based on dissociation constants, that CO32- is formed faster than HCO3- in the presence of OH- ions. The mechanism study revealed that alkaline wastewater acts as a pH buffer, enhancing CO2 reactivity and accelerating the conversion of CO2(g) to CO32-(aq), thereby promoting the growth and nucleation of CaCO3 by OH ions.

The present study compared the effectiveness of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) and alkaline in extracting proteins from brewer's spent grain (BSG). The extraction effectiveness was examined by the (i) yield, (ii) physicochemical characteristics (i.e., molecular weight, protein secondary structures, amino acid compositions, thermal stability), and (iii) food-relevant functionalities (i.e., water/oil holding capacities, emulsifying, foaming properties) of BSG protein extracts. Choline chloride-trehalose (3:1 mol/mol) known for its protein stabilizing effect was used as the model NADES. The ideal NADES extraction conditions to optimize the yield were first determined at 60 degrees C, 1:15 (w/v) BSG-to-solvent ratio, and 75:25 (v/v) NADES-to-water ratio. At their respective optimal conditions, NADES extraction produced a higher yield than alkaline extraction (42 vs. 34 wt%). Minimal variations were observed between NADES and alkaline-extracted proteins in their molecular weight, protein secondary structures, amino acid profiles, and water/oil holding capacities. Nevertheless, NADES-extracted protein exhibited superior (1) thermal stability, hence reaffirming the protein stabilizing effect of NADES, and (2) emulsifying/foaming properties postulated due to their distinct amino acid compositions. The present results demonstrated NADES extraction achieved outcomes comparable to alkaline extraction in most aspects, while surpassing it in yield and proteins' thermal stability, emulsifying/foaming properties. Future studies should focus on optimizing the yield of NADES extraction to improve its techno-economic viability.

In electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR), carbon-based materials are widely used as catalyst supports to ensure high performance. However, surface modifications of carbon-based materials are frequently necessary for the uniform dispersion of the active materials, which makes the fabrication procedure for catalysts more complicated and which can result in issues such as reduced hydrophobicity. To address these challenges, a hybrid support catalyst loaded with Ag on a support composed of carbon nitride and carbon black is proposed to mitigate the need for a surface modification while simultaneously enhancing the electrochemical activity in CO2RR. The hybrid support provides CO2 affinity, improved active metal dispersion, high conductivity, and increased hydrophobicity, collectively leading to enhanced catalytic performance. The AgCN7CB3 catalyst achieves Faradaic efficiency and a partial current density for CO of 96 % and -287 mA/cm2, respectively, at -1.6 V, and maintains stability for 160 h at -100 mA/cm2. Compared to single support catalysts, the AgCNCB catalyst exhibits superior performance with regard to CO productivity and stability. These results demonstrate that hybrid supports catalysts can play a role in a promising catalyst design strategy for sustainable CO production.

The study explores the kinetic behavior of urease immobilized on alumina membranes with three different pore diameters (20, 100, and 200 nm). The goal is to elucidate how pore size affects enzyme activity, substrate accessibility, and overall urea conversion efficiency. The study aims to influence of Membrane Pore Size on Immobilized Urease Biocatalytic Activity. Membranes with varying pore sizes were used as urease immobilization substrates to examine the effect of structural confinement on enzyme kinetics. The reduction in pore diameter led to uneven substrate distribution, which affected the local urea conversion rate and limited overall catalytic performance. A 50 U/mL urease solution prepared in 20 mM MES buffer (pH 6.0) was applied to each activated membrane and incubated at 25°C for 3 hours to allow covalent attachment via amide bond formation. The findings of this study provide insights into the optimal design of biocatalytic membranes for efficient urea removal in water purification systems and enzymatic reactors. Understanding the pore size effect aids in designing high-sensitivity, stable biocatalytic interfaces for such sensors. In bioprocesses involving urea as a reactant or byproduct, immobilized urease systems could be integrated into closed-loop reactors for continuous detoxification, minimizing waste accumulation and improving sustainability. These results provide valuable design principles for biocatalytic membranes in water purification and biosensor applications. Future work should focus on integrating multi-scale porous structures and exploring enzyme stabilization stabilization through nanostructured coatings.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from ship exhausts pose serious health and environmental concerns. Herein, the SO2 absorption and desorption characteristics of tertiary amines with different functional groups were explored under simulated ship exhaust gas conditions. Tertiary amines with electron-donating groups had superior absorption performance to those with electron-withdrawing groups, and highly polar absorbents exhibited enhanced SO2 absorption loading. Dimethylaniline (DMA) showed excellent desorption performance, outperforming other absorbents (amino acids, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents) in terms of cyclic capacity. Thus, tertiary amines, especially DMA, can be potentially used for the prevention of SO2 emissions from ship exhausts and other desulfurization applications.

The density, vapor pressure, and dynamic viscosity of piperazine (PZ) + glycine solutions were measured for various equimolal concentration ranges (m(PZ and Gly) = (0.501-3.009)) at 0.1 MPa pressure and temperature ranging from 303.15 to 353.15 K. The diffusion coefficient, thermal expansion coefficient, and viscosity activation energy values were computed based on the measured data of density and dynamic viscosity. These physical properties data would be of great significance for designing post-combustion CO2 capture systems utilizing PZ-based absorbent blended with aqueous amino acids solutions. The investigation of data on physical properties revealed that as the molality of the PZ-glycine solution increases, both the density and viscosity increase, whereas the vapor pressure decreases. Moreover, as the temperature rises, the density and dynamic viscosity decrease, while the vapor pressure increases.

In this study, the kinetics of the transition of Na2CO3 to NaHCO3 were enhanced based on the alpha effect by adding rate promoters to NaOH-based absorbents. Because the alpha-effect shows strong correlation with the electronegativity of the alpha-atom, to analyze their kinetic improvement, H2O2, NaOCl, and H3BO3 were selected as rate promoters. The promoters were chosen based on compounds with an O- or OH- group that can act as a Lewis base when CO2 acts as a Lewis acid or a structure that is easily accessible to CO2 molecules. Each promoter was added at different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 M), and the reaction rates of the absorbent solutions were experimentally evaluated. Among selected promoters, H2O2 exhibits the greatest effect, achieved the highest conversion efficiency, which showed an approximately 45-fold increase in reaction rate compared to the promoter-free NaOH solution. Furthermore, the enhancement in reaction rate allows the particle size to be controlled and precipitated with different crystalline structure. Therefore, the introduction of a promoter based on the alpha-effect not only significantly improves the reaction rate leading to NaHCO3 formation but also allows control of the crystal size and shape. This breakthrough can be a promising solution to address the limitations of conventional NaOH absorbents.

New and effective absorbents are in demand to enable the practical implementation of global CO2 capture to mitigate global warming. One promising approach involves exploring sterically hindered amine solvents. Secondary amines, particularly 2-(isopropylamino)ethanol (IPAE), have been suggested as potential candidates for CO2 capture. This study presents novel experimental data on the thermophysical properties of aqueous IPAE solutions, including density and viscosity. These findings are crucial for the design of carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption and regeneration columns. The measurement was conducted at different mass fractions (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) under 0.1 MPa pressure and T = (298.15 to 333.15) K. Utilizing the measurement data, thermal expansion coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and viscosity activation energy values were computed which provide valuable insights. The investigation reveals that the density and viscosity of aqueous IPAE solution increases with CO2 loading and decrease with increase in temperature. This research holds importance, as it could lead to advancements in solvent technology, contribute to global CO2 capture efforts, aid in the design of carbon capture systems, promote sustainability, and advance our understanding of solvent properties in environmental applications.

Seawater -based mineral carbonation is a treatment method that can simultaneously address the issues of global warming and marine pollution caused by the desalination brine. However, the selection of reactants without considering wastewater, the low reaction rate and selectivity of generated carbonate compounds require improvement. This study aims to more efficiently precipitate magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in desalination brine and control the characteristics of the precipitated CaCO3 (PCC). The efficiency of Mg carbonation under brine conditions is analyzed, and the precipitation of CaCO3 is controlled by separating the CO2 absorptionprecipitation process. Mass transfer of CO2 improved under atmospheric pressure brine conditions, accelerating the carbonation of Mg. The adjusted [Ca2+]:[CO32-] ratio was a factor influencing polymorphism and size during the precipitation process of CaCO3. Sodium -rich wastewater generated in the process can be integrated with chlor-alkali processes and additional sodium precipitation processes to secure its value as a sustainable technology.

Superhydrophobic materials have been gaining popularity owing to their self-cleaning, anti-freezing, and anticorrosion properties. This study presents an approach for the synthesis of superhydrophobic calcium carbonate via CO 2 mineralization using carbon capture utilization (CCU) technology. By using biodegradable amino acids (L-arginine/L-lysine) and oleic acid, various biosurfactant self-assembly structures were formed as surfacemodifying agents of calcium carbonate owing to the saponification and lyotropic phase transition. Moreover, calcium cations were recovered from salt -farm wastewater using pH-swing ion separation for sustainability and waste management. we presented various self-assembly structures depending on the ratio of amino acids to oleic acid, such as spherical micelles, liquid crystal nanoparticles, and vesicles for L-arginine oleate and spherical micelles, cylindrical micelles, and planar lamellar structures for L-lysine oleate. The synthesized calcium carbonates were 87.95 % purified scalenohedral calcite under micellar L-arginine oleate and 87.08 % purified spherical calcite under micellar L-lysine. Moreover, their surface areas were 28.85 m 2 /g for L-arginine and 13.46 m 2 /g for L-lysine. They were significantly improved and larger than that of commercial calcium carbonate (3.45 m 2 /g). In comparison, larger agglomerated calcite particles were produced under the other self-assembled structures. During mineralization, the amount of calcium oleate adsorbed on the surface of calcium carbonate played a crucial role in particle formation. Notably, superhydrophobic calcium carbonates were synthesized with a contact angle of 168.66 degrees under spherical micelles of L-arginine oleate and 167.46 degrees under spherical micelles of L-lysine oleate. The in-situ surface modification method utilizing biosurfactant self-assembled structures was expected to revitalize the carbon capture and utilization.

Increasing yearly stockpiles of cement kiln dust (CKD) and the associated high landfilling cost require innovative solutions to utilize CKD. This study proposes a strong acid-mediated extraction–mineralization process that utilizes CO2. The process comprises the extraction of Ca2+ from CKD using strong acids, mineralization of CO2 using extracted Ca2+ and alkaline wastewater, and production of Ca carbonate. High Ca2+ leaching efficiency, high Ca2+ extraction efficiency, and high-purity nano-sized CaCO3 production from CKD were achieved under normal operating conditions in an in-situ strong acid solution. The process feasibility was primarily tested via an individual extraction process using aqueous HCl and HNO3 solutions from typical CKD and mineral carbonation experiments using Ca(OH)2 and alkaline wastewater obtained from the extraction process. The process had a Ca2+ leaching efficiency of 94.73%, Ca2+ extraction efficiency of 93.54%, and CaCO3 yield of 1.45 ton/ton CKD in the aqueous HCl solution. Polymorphism and crystal structure analyses showed that CaCO3 obtained after CO2 mineralization was mainly present as calcite. Alkaline wastewater acted as a pH buffer, enhanced the reactivity with CO2, accelerated the conversion of CO2(g) to CO32-(aq), and acted as an accelerator that promoted the nucleation growth of CaCO3 by OH- ions during the mineralization process. The effect of the nucleation and growth of CaCO3 on the particle and crystallite size is highly dependent on the system pH. These results can be applied to CO2 utilization processes by industrial by-products.

Background The increasing amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is a critical environmental issue, necessitating the development of efficient CO2 capture technologies. Amine amino acid solutions (AAAS) have demonstrated potential in improving CO2 absorption and desorption. This study explores the efficiency of various AAAS, including piperazine (PZ), glycine (Gly), lysine (Lys), sarcosine (Sar), and alanine (Ala), under specific experimental conditions. Methodology The CO2 absorption and desorption processes were investigated using AAAS under conditions of 45 % CO2 at 313.15 K and with pure N2 at 353.15 K, respectively. The findings obtained for CO2 loading, regeneration rate, CO2 desorption heat, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are valuable for understanding their impacts on the design and improvement of energy efficiency CO2 capture techniques. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of PZ + lysine solutions such as density, viscosity, and vapor pressure were also measured at equimolar concentration ranges such as 0.75 M, 1.0 M, 1.25 M, and 1.5 M at T = 303.15 K to 353.15 K and 0.1 MPa pressure. Significant findings The study revealed significant enhancements in CO2 absorption and desorption with the addition of AAAS compared to monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions. Notably, among all the solutions, the PZ + lysine solution exhibited the maximum CO2 cyclic capacity at 0.792 mol CO2/mol absorbent, and the lowest regeneration heat. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and improvement of energy-efficient CO2 capture techniques.

New and effective absorbents are in demand to enable the practical implementation of global CO2 2 capture to mitigate global warming. One promising approach involves exploring sterically hindered amine solvents. Secondary amines, particularly 2-(isopropylamino)ethanol (IPAE), have been suggested as potential candidates for CO2 2 capture. This study presents novel experimental data on the thermophysical properties of aqueous IPAE solutions, including density and viscosity. These findings are crucial for the design of carbon dioxide (CO2) 2 ) absorption and regeneration columns. The measurement was conducted at different mass fractions (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) under 0.1 MPa pressure and T = (298.15 to 333.15) K. Utilizing the measurement data, thermal expansion coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and viscosity activation energy values were computed which provide valuable insights. The investigation reveals that the density and viscosity of aqueous IPAE solution increases with CO2 2 loading and decrease with increase in temperature. This research holds importance, as it could lead to advancements in solvent technology, contribute to global CO2 2 capture efforts, aid in the design of carbon capture systems, promote sustainability, and advance our understanding of solvent properties in environmental applications.

The amplification of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensitivity for the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) detection was studied using Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) succinamic-acid dendrimers. The dendrimers were conjugated with the complementary annealed with the aptamers capable of binding specifically to FMD peptides. The tethered layer of the dendrimer-conjugated double-stranded(ds)-aptamers was formed on the SPR sensor Au surface via a thiol bond between the aptamers and Au. After the tethered layer was formed, the surface was taken out of the SPR equipment. Then, the ds-aptamers on the surface were denatured to collect the dendrimer-conjugated single-stranded(ss)-complementary. The surface with only the remaining ss-aptamers was transferred again to the equipment. Two types of the injections, the FMD peptide only and the dendrimer-conjugated ss-complementary followed by the FMD peptides, were performed on the surface. The sensitivity was increased 20 times with the conjugation of the dendrimers, but the binding rate of the peptides became more than two times slower.

Nickel single-atom catalysts (Ni SACs) hold great promise for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to CO. However, there remains a lack of synthetic strategies for achieving high CO2RR performance in a zero-gap electrolyzer. Herein, we demonstrate asymmetrically coordinated Ni SACs and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) structures to achieve outstanding CO2RR performance in a zero-gap electrolyzer. N, S-coordinated Ni SAC with the Ni-N3S1 structure (Ni-NSC-1) showed a higher Faradaic efficiency (FECO) and partial current density (jCO) of CO than N-coordinated Ni SACs (Ni-NCs). This was due to the coordination environment of Ni and increased N and S content in the carbon support. The FECO, jCO, and stability of the Ni-NSC-1 were further improved by modulating the MEA structure and operating temperature. As a result, a maximum FECO of 92.85% (at 2.1 V) and jCO of 286.54 mA/cm2 (at 2.3 V) were achieved using a Sustainion X37-50 GT membrane at 343 K. Moreover, the Ni-NSC-1 with Sustainion X3750 GT exhibited long-term stability for over 60 h, maintaining a high FECO of 95% at 100 mA/cm2. (c) 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Abstract In response to the pressing need to combat global climate change, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology has gained prominence in environmental remediation. This study leverages the practicality of CCUS to develop a wet absorption process and mineral carbonation utilizing seawater-based industrial wastewater. The experiments involved the utilization of seawater and the simulation of actual flue gas conditions. The optimal conditions for NaOH production, ion separation, CO2 absorption, and mineral carbonation are determined by analyzing parameters, including flow rates, concentrations, and pH levels. The experimental results are complemented by computational studies using an Aspen Plus, which elucidates the process kinetics and predict the performance of the absorption process at the pilot-plant scale. The economic feasibility of the commercial-scale implementation of the seawater-based CO2 utilization process is also evaluated considering both the potential environmental and economic benefits. This study provided valuable insights into a sustainable and economically viable approach for CO2 utilization and NaOH production from seawater.