中国的土壤污染问题严重.2014年公布的土壤污染调查公报显示,在实际调查面积630万平方公里中,全国土壤总的超标率为16.1％.其中耕地土壤点位超标率为19.4％,林地土壤点位超标率为10.0％,草地土壤点位超标率为10.4％,未利用地土壤点位超标率为11.4％,逾30％工业企业用地污染.目前,我国土壤修复产业的产值占整个环保产业总产值的比重较小,涉及土壤修复企业较少,这意味着我国土壤修复产业具有较大的发展空间.

The definition and theoretical model of safety culture are explored from safety culture and culture levels.Two important divergences existing in the definition of safety culture are analyzed.A new safety culture model is developed.Based on this established model,and referring to the practice in construction industry,the content and behavior performance of safety culture on different levels such as society,enterprise,project and staff are clarified through expert interviews and literature research so as to help construction professionals to understand safety culture of construction industry from practical point of view.Suggestions on future work are made.

In order to improve the construction safety performance, this paper endeavors to bring out the ideal visions and approaches of managing construction safety through qualitative reasoning research. Firstly, the visions of managing construction safety are analyzed and should be understood from three levels. The direct goal of managing construction safety by the government should be made clear that it is to urge the contractor to take proper safety management system and approaches. Secondly, the approaches of managing construction safety are discussed. With the further development of the revolution of market economical and political system, this paper points out when the government manages construction safety, the direct intervention to the construction market through administrative measures should be prohibited. Legislative, economical, cultural, scientific and technological approaches should be combined harmoniously to manage construction safety.

我国当前的建筑安全生产状况是伤亡人数居高不下,重特大事故频频发生,对人民生命财产和国民经济造成了重大损失.本文用系统工程学原理,根据建筑产品生产活动的规律和特点,将建筑产品生产活动场所(即施工现场)作为一个完整的系统,利用数理统计的方法,对1994-2002年九年来全国发生的10305起建筑施工伤亡事故的类别、原因、发生的部位等进行统计分析.然后本文在统计1991-2002年建筑施工伤亡事故的基础上,分析了管理因素和技术水平对建筑业安全状况影响,最后提出了预防和控制建筑施工伤亡事故的对策,包括法律法规、科技教育、保险中介等方面.

本次调查采取不记名的方式,共发放问卷778份,获取有效问卷758份,有效率97.43%.调查内容主要包括基本情况、经济收支情况、工作生活状况、医疗状况等4个方面. 发放问卷的情况分为3种:一是在工地内经项目负责人允许后,由工人做答的共615份,占81.1%;二是民工在工地外随机受访的共97份,占12.8%;三是在汽车站、火车站随机访问获得的有46份,占6.1%.调研地点主要分布在北京五环以内的工地现场及周边.最北到达上地技术开发区,最南到首都师范大学,西边到达万柳公寓,东边到达京贸国际公寓E、F座工程,另有部分数据在北京西客站采集.

一.前言 香港安全法规的发展是随着香港经济的发展而不断发展的,香港政府的安全管理的对策也因应经济的发展而不断的变化.

近年来,香港特区的建筑业安全状况有了长足进步,由于香港的发展既长期受到西方国家先进技术和知识的影响,同时又具有中国的传统文化背景,因此,研究其成功的经验对内地的建筑安全工作有着十分重要的借鉴意义.笔者主要从香港政府部门(劳工处和环境运输工务局)对建筑安全的管理和非政府机构(职业安全健康局、绿十字会等)对建筑安全的作用两方面进行探讨,总结香港特区在建筑安全方面的成功做法,最后对内地的建筑安全工作提出了一些建议.