AbstractIntroductionHistorical OutlineChemical StructureChemical Analysis1H‐NMR Spectroscopy13C‐NMR Spectroscopy15N‐NMR SpectroscopyGel‐permeation ChromatographyIsotachophoresisDetection in Technical ApplicationsFluorescence SpectroscopyPrecipitation TitrationPolyelectrolyte TitrationBiodegradationProduction of PASPWorld Market and ApplicationsPatentsOutlook and Perspectives